添加稀土元素的配合饲料对中国对虾生长效果的研究

本文讨论了添加稀土元素的配合饲料对中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）生长效果的影响，从试验中得到了以下结论。（１）添加稀土元素的配合饲料对其有促生长作用，其适宜添加量为３０～１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，其中以添加６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ为最适宜，该组增长比为１３５，增重比为１５０（对照组为１００）。（２）成活率有不同，但差别不明显，说明稀土元素对其成活率无明显影响。（３）用添加６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ稀土元素的饲料在     

河蟹工厂化育苗中人工半咸水的净化与循环利用

采用室内，室外大循环的水交换形式及生物净化和物理，化学处理相结合的方法，对河蟹育苗废水进行净化与循环利用，可将育苗用人工半咸水的利用率提高２－３倍，节约配水原料５０％。另外把育苗废水的生物净化与单胞藻，轮虫的培养结合在一起，既可净化水质，又能为蟹苗提供大量的生物饵料，试验池蟹苗的成活率较对照池提高１．０－２．５％。     

九孔鲍人工育苗试验

报告了我国北方沿海地区利用电厂冷却海水进行九孔鲍人工育苗的试验。试验结果表明;九孔鲍在繁殖匀性及其育苗技术工艺条件等方面与我国以往的皱纹盘鲍常规育苗方法有较明显的差别,必须采取与之相应的技术手段。利用余热水在大连地区进行九孔鲍人工繁殖是可行的。     

真蛸人工繁殖初步试验

2005年春、秋两季在福建省大成水产良种繁育试验中心开展了真蛸(Dctopus vulgaris)人工繁殖初步试验.引进本地海区真蛸亲体48头,获得受精卵216万粒,孵化出幼体139万头,在春季成功培育着底幼蛸121头.开口饵料配置试验表明,卤虫无节幼体、轮虫、桡足类可作为真蛸幼体的开口饵料,以卤虫无节幼体为最佳.     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖的几个关键问题

近年来,随着黄颡鱼养殖的不断发展,黄颡鱼苗种的供应日趋紧张.为了解决和突破这一制约黄颡鱼养殖的"瓶颈"问题,生产更多更优质的黄颡鱼苗种,保证黄颡鱼养殖稳步而快速的发展,对黄颡鱼的人工催产繁殖各地都做了大量的研究工作.     

The effects of density and artificial substrate on intensive shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei nursery production

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can be installed indoors, allowing year-round production of tropical animals in nearly any climate. A nursery phase is commonly used in Litopenaeus vannamei production since it allows for enhanced biosecurity and better quantification of animals while reducing space requirements. However, it is unclear whether animal density and inclusion of artificial substrate may improve shrimp performance during the nursery phase. In this experiment, we compared shrimp production parameters in two stocking densities with or without the use of an artificial substrate by creating four treatments: low-density LD; 1500 PL/m⁻³, low-density with substrate LDS, high-density HD; 3000 PL/m⁻³), and high-density with substrate (HDS). The LDS and HDS treatments included 0.46-m² of high-density polyethylene 2.5-cm mesh as a substrate, which increased the tank surface area by 21 %. Each treatment was randomly assigned to four 160-l culture tanks, each with a biofilter. The shrimp had an initial weight of 4 mg and were grown for 50 days. The low-density treatments had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH than the high-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001). Specifically, LDS had the highest DO and pH followed by the LD, HD, and HDS treatments, respectively. High-density treatments had significantly higher NO₂-N levels than low-density treatments during week 2 of the experiment when an unusually high concentration of nitrite was observed. FCR was significantly lower in both low-density treatments than in high-density treatments. At harvest, the total biomass (kg m⁻³) was significantly higher in high-density treatments than in low-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001), and the HDS treatment had a significantly greater biomass output than HD. Producers should consider artificial substrate and higher densities during nursery production to maximize shrimp production; however, the effects on water quality should also be taken into account.     

Involvement of Ca2+-ATPase in suppressing the appearance of bovine helically motile spermatozoa with intense force prior to cryopreservation

In cattle, cryopreserved spermatozoa are generally used for artificial insemination (AI). Many of these specimens exhibit helical movement, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize helically motile spermatozoa, investigate the involvement of Ca²⁺-ATPase in suppressing the appearance of these spermatozoa prior to cryopreservation, and examine the potential of helical movement as an index of sperm quality. In the cryopreserved semen, approximately 50% of spermatozoa were helically motile, whereas approximately 25% were planarly motile. The helically motile samples swam significantly faster than those with planar movement, in both non-viscous medium and viscous medium containing polyvinylpyrrolidone. In contrast, in non-cryopreserved semen, planarly motile spermatozoa outnumbered those that were helically motile. Fluorescence microscopy with Fluo-3/AM and propidium iodide showed that flagellar [Ca²⁺]_i was significantly higher in cryopreserved live spermatozoa than in non-cryopreserved live ones. The percentage of non-cryopreserved helically motile spermatozoa was approximately 25% after washing, and this increased significantly to approximately 50% after treatment with an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPases (SERCAs), “thapsigargin.” Immunostaining showed the presence of SERCAs in sperm necks. Additionally, the percentages of cryopreserved helically motile spermatozoa showed large inter-bull differences and a significantly positive correlation with post-AI conception rates, indicating that helical movement has the potential to serve as a predictor of the fertilizing ability of these spermatozoa. These results suggest that SERCAs in the neck suppress the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺-dependent appearance of helically motile spermatozoa with intense force in semen prior to cryopreservation.     

Prediction of baking results from farinograph measurements by using stepwise linear regression and artificial neuronal networks

In an effort to extract additional data from farinograph experiments a model was developed to simulate the measurements and correlate the parameters of the model with results from baking tests. This additional information can be used in bakeries to predict the baking properties of the flours and adjust the recipes to maintain a constant product quality. For this eight different flours were characterized with a farinograph and 13 different results from baking experiments. An approach with five nonlinear differential equations was able to model the farinograph measurements very well (average R² = 0.995 ± 0.005). While a stepwise multilinear regression only showed weak correlations in cross validation between a single parameter of the model and the baking volume (R² = 0.745) and the volume yield (R² = 0.796) respectively, the artificial neuronal network was more successful. For the baking weight (R² = 0.926), the dough yield gross (R² = 0.909) and net (R² = 0.913) strong correlations were found. A good correlation for the baking volume (R² = 0.853) was also determined, while the volume yield showed comparable results to the linear regression (R² = 0.792).     

基于人工神经网络的CHRIS数据内陆水体叶绿素浓度反演研究

利用BP神经网络和CHRIS高光谱数据反演了富营养化非常严重的太湖梅梁湾地区叶绿素A浓度。首先计算了CHRIS模式2的18个波段与叶绿素A浓度的皮尔森相关系数,选择CHRIS的前5个波段和第13波段的反射率值作为神经网络的输入,以野外测量的叶绿素A浓度为神经网络的输出。实验表明,BP神经网络具有很好的非线性拟合能力,叶绿素A浓度的反演精度相对误差仅为22%,明显优于传统的多项式模型,显示BP神经网络与CHRIS高光谱数据结合的方法在内陆水体水质参数反演领域的应用具有相当的优势。     

人工腐殖化及产品在农业增产中的应用

腐殖质（humic substance,HS）作为农业生产中土壤养分组成的重要指标,在维护土壤地力、碳储存、植物营养及生态环境稳定性等方面具有重大战略意义。然而,由于HS的天然提取源不足,导致HS市场供给需求逐年攀升。鉴于木质素与HS的结构相似,能否采用人工腐殖化方法,精准调控大分子木质素的氧化分解或其小分子衍生物的自由基耦合,生成可媲美甚至超越商业HS作用和功效的类HS产品？该创造性思路对实现我国农业连续增产增收具有极大的经济价值和应用前景。本文简述了天然HS的结构特征和多功能属性,探讨了人工腐殖化的最新理念、方式和机理,对比了人工腐殖化产物与天然HS的差异性,并总结了人工腐殖化产品在农业实践中的潜在应用和价值,旨在为研究者攻克木质素及其衍生物人工腐殖化的科技瓶颈提供理论支撑和技术指导。