利用灰色系统理论对早熟桃果实经济性状的综合评判

利用灰色系统理论对在浙江省金华地区栽培的22个早熟桃果实单果重、可溶性固形物含量、果实硬度、成熟期等8个经济性状进行模糊综合评价。结果显示,春雪、超红桃综合评分为0.634和0.623,综合性状优良,可重点推广;超丽春、海峡佳丽、春蜜、秀玉、金硕、砂红综合性状较优,适合推广;极早518、千年红、早凤王、早霞露、双喜红综合评分中等;以上13个品种综合评判结果均优于金华大白桃(CK1)、大观1号(CK2)。     

农村信用社和农户之间非规范融资交易研究

将研究重点放在农村信用社和农户之间的暗箱交易上,借助寻租理论的原理,从全新的视角对农村信用社与农户之间非规范融资交易进行了动态的分析。解释了农村信用社和借款农户之间存在的较为严重的寻租行为和道德风险的原因。     

应用GM(1,1)模型预测沧州冬枣的种植面积及产量

采用灰色理论中的GM (1,1)模型,用MATLAB语言编程,以沧州2 0 0 0～2 0 0 4年冬枣种植业的有关原始数据,对该地区冬枣种植面积和产量进行了实例分析、检验。进而用该模型预测出2 0 0 5年沧州冬枣的种植面积和产量,为有关部门正确决策提供了科学依据。     

区域农业结构的灰色关联分析与优势产业的发展

此文应用灰色关联分析、相关分析对中国中部地区三大区域的农村经济结构、农林牧渔业总产值结构、粮食产量结构、肉类产量结构进行了初步分析,确定了贡献较大的因子,并用时序模型对所研究的系列进行了模拟和预测。中部地区农业结构的现状是：非农产业的贡献越来越大,农、牧业为主的产值结构,中国玉米、小麦、稻谷、大豆优势产业带,中国肉牛、肉羊生产优势区。该区三大区域应根据各自的资源优势,因地制宜、大力发展其优势粮食作物、优势牛羊业和优势非农产业,进一步促进其农业和农村经济的可持续发展。     

芝麻单株产量及其构成因素与主要农艺性状的关系

利用相关性和灰色关联分析方法,对芝麻单株产量及其构成因素与主要农艺性状的关系进行了研究。结果表明:株蒴数是单株产量的最主要决定因素;有效蒴、果轴长、果节数是单株产量及其构成要素联系紧密的农艺性状;现蕾期、成熟期是单株产量及其构成要素联系紧密的生育期因素。因此在新品种选育上应注重现蕾开花早、生育期长、果轴长、果节数多、单株蒴果多特别是有效蒴果多的品系。     

草莓灰霉病菌对速克灵的抗性研究

速克灵对草莓灰霉病具有很好的防治效果,但长期、单一使用很容易使草莓灰霉病菌产生抗药性。为合理使用这类杀菌剂,延缓或防止抗药性的产生,笔者通过UV-C诱变草莓灰霉病菌敏感菌株CF1获得了对速克灵具有高抗性的突变株CF1-1和CF1-2,并对抗性突变株的生长量、产孢量和致病力进行了研究,结果表明:CF1-1与CF1-2对速克灵抗性程度高,抗性水平与敏感菌株相比分别增加了484.6倍和911.0倍。抗性菌株在无速克灵的培养基上菌丝生长较敏感菌株弱,产孢量也明显少于敏感菌株;但其引起草莓离体叶片发病较敏感菌株重,病斑大且边缘颜色深;薄片黄瓜测定结果也表明,在无速克灵的情况下,敏感菌株CF1引起发病较重;而在有药条件下CF1受到一定抑制,但抗性菌株仍能致黄瓜片发病。将抗性菌株连续培养7代后对速克灵的抗性仍是相对稳定的。     

Characterizing green and gray space exposure for epidemiological studies: Moving from 2D to 3D indicators

The presence of green spaces has been associated with improved physical health and better mental health and wellbeing. In contrast, the presence of gray features including build-up areas might have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of citizens. To date, the available evidence on the health effects of green and gray spaces have mainly relied on 2-dimensional (2D) indicators of these spaces such as land use maps or, more recently, satellite derived indices (e.g., green space indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) or gray space indices such as imperviousness). Although they are acceptable proxies of these exposures, 2D indicators could have inaccuracies when characterizing diverse set of vegetation types in combination with different types of gray spaces, which is typical of urban environments. To overcome this gap, we developed a set of three-dimensional (3D) indicators derived mainly from airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) acquired in 2008 and 2010 over the metropolitan area of Rome (Italy). In particular, we extracted volume of green features such as shrubs and trees (Green volume [m3/ha]), volume of buildings (Gray volume[m3/ha]), a novel index called Normalized Difference Green-Gray Volume index (NDGG) as well as indicators of the tree count. We compared the 3D indicators with two widely used 2D indicators for characterizing green and gray spaces (i.e., NDVI and imperviousness) in different buffers around 79140 address points in the city. For the green indicators, we found that the Pearson correlations between NDVI and Green Volume were 0.47 (50 m buffer) and 0.33 (300 m buffer) while the correlations between NDVI and number of trees were 0.56 (50 m buffer) and 0.58 (300 m buffer). For gray indicators, the correlations between imperviousness and gray volume were 0.62 (50 m buffer) and 0.79 (300 m buffer). For NDGG, the correlations were higher with both NDVI (0.76 and 0.83 for 50 m and 300 m buffers) and imperviousness (−0.75 and −0.83 for 50 m and 300 m buffers). Our results showed that the use of 3D indicators can have potential benefits, especially regarding green features which can be highly heterogeneous in complex urban landscapes such as the city of Rome.     

Antifungal effects of iron sulfate on grapevine fungal pathogens

The present study aimed to determine the most efficient experimental conditions of iron sulfate use leading to optimal inhibition in the development of fungal pathogens. Assays have been focused on fungal species inducing severe grapevine diseases. FeSO₄ directly inhibited the in vitro mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea, Eutypa lata, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Diplodia seriata, and Neofusicoccum parvum with variable efficiency in the range of 0.5–10 mM. The development was always completely inhibited at 20 mM. This inhibitory effect was greatly increased at acidic pH values. The anionic moiety of the molecule was of importance since bromide, chloride and sulfate were highly active, whereas acetate and oxalate showed a small effect. Electron microscope observations on E. lata and B. cinerea showed that a treatment with FeSO₄ induced dramatic changes in the hyphal organization leading to cell death. No toxicity was observed on grapevine leaves following repeated FeSO₄ sprays in the antifungal concentration range. Therefore, FeSO₄ may be proposed to effectively replace the long-term pollutant use of CuSO₄ as an antifungal agent, with the additional advantage of iron being an important plant micronutrient.     

二代棉铃虫发生程度与气象因素的灰色关联优势分析

采用灰色关联优势分析方法对辽宁省喀左县二代棉铃虫发生程度与气候因子间关系进行了分析,得出:6月下旬干燥度、7月上旬平均气温、6月中旬平均气温为影响发生程度的主要因子,7月中旬干燥度对二代棉铃虫发生程度的关联度最小。因此,夏季干旱少雨和气温偏高是棉铃虫大发生的重要条件。     

灰色灾变理论在东方红灌区旱涝灾情预测中的应用

应用灰色系统理论中的灾变预测方法,对新密市东方红灌区的旱、涝灾数据进行灰色处理,以预测灾情发生的时间。结果表明,在2011和2022年将出现年降水量小于500 mm的干旱年,在2007和2018年将出现最大月降水量大于300 mm的涝情,2007年的预测结果与实际情况吻合。从理论和实例上说明了该方法适用对于灌区旱涝程度的预测。