1990～2010年上海海洋大学发表中文论文统计分析

以清华同方的《中国期刊全文数据库》和《中国引文索引》为统计工具,对上海海洋大学1990～2010年发表的论文进行统计分析。其论文发表量在逐年增加;论文主要以水产渔业、食品学科为主;论文平均被引次数超过5次,最高被引频次的论文绝大多数为水产渔业学科论文。     

Relationship between albacore (Thunnus alalunga) fishing grounds in the Indian Ocean and the thermal environment revealed by cloud-free microwave sea surface temperature

Using cloud-free Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sea surface temperature (SST) and daily set longline fishery data, we studied the relationship between albacore (ALB) fishing grounds and thermal conditions in the southern Indian Ocean. SST and Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) maps with a daily spatiotemporal resolution were related to sites with high catches per unit effort (CPUE) (>11 fish/10³ hooks). A high JSD is considered to be an index of a SST front. In winter, high CPUE occurred in the vicinity of the North Subtropical Front (Belkin and Gordon, 1996), where SST was 15-19 °C and JSD was 0.3-0.9. Histograms of the high CPUE plotted against SST and JSD indicated that 95% of the high CPUEs were in the 16-18.5 °C SST range and 97% were in the 0.4-0.9 JSD range. These ranges of SST and JSD are optimum ranges. These cloud-free SST/JSD analyses clearly demonstrate the seasonal north-south movement of the optimum SST and JSD band, which corresponds to the North Subtropical Front in the southern Indian Ocean. Monthly maps of joint probability density (JPD) with the optimum ranges of SST and JSD revealed that high CPUEs are located in the narrow bands with high JPD (>50%).     

热带大西洋拟锥齿鲨资源动态和空间分布研究

拟锥齿鲨是热带大西洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中较为常见的兼捕物种,处于海洋生态系统的顶端,对维持海洋生态系统的稳定性和多样性起着非常重要的作用。根据我国金枪鱼渔业国家观察员2010—2015年在热带大西洋海域调查时收集的1 561尾拟锥齿鲨数据,对其资源动态和空间分布进行了初步分析,结果表明:在研究的海域内(6.33°S~17.43°N,18.25°W~42.03°W),拟锥齿鲨CPUE高的区域为5°N~10°N,20°W~30°W;2010—2015年CPUE呈现波动,整体有上升的趋势,但不显著;软骨鱼类占总渔获物的比例整体呈下降趋势;拟锥齿鲨兼捕数量占总渔获的5.8%,占兼捕软骨鱼类的22.5%;拟锥齿鲨在12月—3月的平均CPUE较高。拟锥齿鲨最大叉长组(叉长范围在85~90 cm)的个体多分布在5°N~7.5°N,27.5°W~37.5°W和5°N~0°,25°W~30°W这两个区域。拟锥齿鲨理论钩获深度范围为140~313 m,平均深度为221 m。1、2、3钩位(140~212 m)的上钩频率最大,占总上钩率的55.59%。10月至次年4月不同月份拟锥齿鲨的钩位分布没有显著性的差异。妊娠期拟锥齿鲨明显分布于较浅的水层。不同钩位拟锥齿鲨的摄食等级无显著性差异。     

印度洋中南部长鳍金枪鱼生物学特性的研究

根据2008年9月—2009年4月印度洋中南部金枪鱼延绳钓渔场所捕获的长鳍金枪鱼Thunnus alalun-ga数据,对该鱼种的生物学特征进行了分析。结果表明：1）叉长为74~120 cm,优势叉长为105~110cm,约占总数的47.8%,平均叉长为（107.2±4.99）cm。2）长鳍金枪鱼叉长（LF,cm）与加工后重（WD,kg）的关系可表达为WD=1.7146×10-5LF3.0197（总体）,WDM=7×10-5L2F.M7229（雄性）,WDF=2×10-6L3F.F5354（雌性）。3）调查期间,长鳍金枪鱼性腺成熟度以Ⅳ级为主,约占总数的43.1%。4）当长鳍金枪鱼叉长小于100 cm时,摄食等级以0级和2级为主;当叉长为100~120 cm时,空胃率达39%以上,且随叉长的增长而递增。当叉长为91~110 cm时,摄食饱满指数随叉长增长而上升;当叉长为111~120 cm时,饱满指数随叉长递增而降低。     

Early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in an upwelling ecosystem

Extreme variability in abundance of California salmon populations is often ascribed to ocean conditions, yet relatively little is known about their marine life history. To investigate which ocean conditions influence their distribution and abundance, we surveyed juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the California Current (central California [37°30′N) to Newport, Oregon (44°00′N]) for a 2‐week period over three summers (2010–2012). At each station, we measured chlorophyll‐a as an indicator of primary productivity, acoustic‐based metrics of zooplankton density as an indicator of potential prey availability and physical characteristics such as bottom depth, temperature and salinity. We also measured fork lengths and collected genetic samples from each salmon that was caught. Genetic stock identification revealed that the majority of juvenile salmon were from the Central Valley and the Klamath Basin (91–98%). We constructed generalized logistic‐linear negative binomial hurdle models and chose the best model(s) using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to determine which covariates influenced the salmon presence and, at locations where salmon were present, determined the variables that influenced their abundance. The probability of salmon presence was highest in shallower waters with a high chlorophyll‐a concentration and close to an individual's natal river. Catch abundance was primarily influenced by year, mean fork length and proximity to natal rivers. At the scale of sampling stations, presence and abundance were not related to acoustic indices of zooplankton density. In the weeks to months after ocean entry, California's juvenile Chinook salmon population appears to be primarily constrained to coastal waters near natal river outlets.     

Changes in albacore tuna habitat in the northeast Pacific Ocean under anthropogenic warming

Albacore tuna are widespread in the North Pacific Ocean and the basis of an important commercial fishery. These fish live mainly within a fairly narrow thermal niche range defined by sea surface temperature (SST) isotherms between 14 and 19°C. Because the fish's thermal range coincides with strong latitudinal temperature gradients off the northwest coast of North America, there is a great deal of seasonal and interannual variability in the distribution of these fish, and a significant potential for a new habitat in this region with anthropogenic climate change. We use historical catch and effort data from the Canadian troll fleet to define the fish's thermal niche, and document observed shifts in distribution associated with interannual climate variability. We then use an ensemble of climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to estimate northward extension of the potential habitat under anthropogenic warming scenarios. A potential new habitat is about half a million square kilometres even under a moderate mitigation scenario. Estimates are smaller for some months of the year in which the fishery is conducted, but as well as opening up new regions, the length of season in which the fishery is active may be extended in the northern part of the range. However, much of the potential new habitat will be in oceanic waters with relatively low productivity. Our estimated area of potential habitat is based on the fish's thermal niche and assumes that other biologically important factors such as food will not be limiting.     

南太平洋雌性大眼金枪鱼性腺成熟等级研究

对2010年~2013年南太平洋海域采集的雌性大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)卵巢组织样本进行石蜡切片实验,研究其发育特征,鉴定其成熟等级并估算繁殖力。结果显示,卵巢的发育分为未成熟期、成熟前期、成熟后期、排卵期和排卵后期5个阶段;雌性性腺指数范围为0.26~8.58,平均为3.56,随叉长增长而增大;50%成熟叉长为116.32 cm;平均怀卵数为1.09×10~6粒;平均相对繁殖力为20.5粒·g~(-1)。聚类分析显示,因钓获深度不同,2、3期为一类,1、4期为一类,5期独为一类。研究表明,在南太平洋海域,大眼金枪鱼初次性成熟年龄比其他海域提前,可能是受过度捕捞的影响。     

国际视角下上海海洋大学科研能力分析

通过检索汤森路透公司Web of Science中的SICE数据库,查得上海海洋大学作者参与发表的SCI论文共有1 015篇(截至2013年2月2日)。围绕这些论文,从发表年份、合作国别、合作机构、基金资助情况、研究方向、论文被引情况等方面进行分析与研究,比较全面地分析了上海海洋大学参与发表SCI论文的状况,进而也在一定程度上反映出了该校的科研水平和能力,认为该校近些年的科研水平和实力有较快地提升与发展,但与国内及国际先进水平还有一定的差距,该校还需要长足发展与进步。     

中西印度洋的黄鳍金枪鱼繁殖生物学研究

根据我国国家金枪鱼渔业观察员2012年10月-2013年1月和2013年10月-2014年2月两个阶段在印度洋中西部采集1233尾黄鳍金枪鱼的样本,对其进行了繁殖生物学的研究,主要分析黄鳍金枪鱼纯重、叉长、性比、性成熟率和性腺指数等繁殖生物学参数。结果表明:(1)雌性雄性叉长-纯重关系式分别是W=7×10-6L3.244和W=6×10-6L3.197;(2)雌雄之比为0.74∶1,达到性成熟的雌雄个体性别比为0.69∶1;(3)雌性性腺指数为0.39~5.92,在雌性个体中性腺指数大于2的占52.03%;雄性性腺指数为0.44~3.37,在雄性个体中性腺指数大于2的占31.43%。(4)雌、雄性成熟叉长的Logistic曲线分别是P=1/[1+e0.08276×(122.991-FLm)]和P=1/[1+e0.03767×(118.618-FLm)];(5)采样期间(10月至翌年2月)雌、雄性个体分别在12月和1月的性成熟率达到最高,在2月份性成熟率最低;(6)根据体长分布推算,叉长为115 cm可以作为黄鳍金枪鱼个体分为大小两个群体的基准,雌雄样本中大个体所占比例分别是63.13%和75.40%,两个群体中,雌雄个体大小存在显著性差异(P0.05)。本文的研究结果有助于更好地了解印度洋西部黄鳍金枪鱼的生物学特征,为我国进一步开发该种渔业资源提供基础资料。     

New Benzoxazine Secondary Metabolites from an Arctic Actinomycete

Two new secondary metabolites, arcticoside (1) and C-1027 chromophore-V (2), were isolated along with C-1027 chromophore-III and fijiolides A and B (3–5) from a culture of an Arctic marine actinomycete Streptomyces strain. The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated through NMR, mass, UV, and IR spectroscopy. The hexose moieties in 1 were determined to be d-glucose from a combination of acid hydrolysis, derivatization, and gas chromatographic analyses. Arcticoside (1) and C-1027 chromophore-V (2), which have a benzoxazine ring, inhibited Candida albicans isocitrate lyase. Chromophore-V (2) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against breast carcinoma MDA-MB231 cells and colorectal carcinoma cells (line HCT-116), with IC₅₀ values of 0.9 and 2.7 μM, respectively.