An initial survey of the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) in Nicaragua

After the civil war and the Hurricane-Mitch disaster, cattlemen in Nicaragua were forced to transport their cattle from lowland areas to higher, dryer areas of the country. These areas are natural ecological niches for the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) (Diptera: Cuterebridae). To determine the importance of this infestation, the Agricultural and Livestock-Forestry Ministry selected a central area of Nicaragua to run a pioneer survey program to acquire information about hosts involved, number of cases, treatments applied and general knowledge of 42 farmers about the life cycle of the parasite. The subjects were either farm owners or farm managers. Ninety-five percentage of the farms indicated cases of D. hominis infestation in their animals, with cattle being the most affected host (100% of the affected farms). There was poor understanding of the D. hominis life cycle, vectors and control methods. A misuse of insecticides for the treatment of larval infestation by D. hominis was indicated.     

基于响应式Web的农业网站设计方法研究

响应式Web由于其适应全设备的特点,已成为当今网站设计的主流。该研究从对响应式Web的介绍和关键技术的分析入手,结合国内外响应式Web应用的现状,提出了农业网站响应式Web的设计流程,并对页面布局作出了多种方案分析,为农业网站建设提供参考。     

甘薯膳食纤维提取工艺的研究

试验模拟甘薯淀粉提取过程获得甘薯渣,通过单因素与正交试验研究了各种酶添加量对膳食纤维提取率的影响,确定糖化酶为主要酶,并且通过正交试验确定了糖化酶酶解条件(温度、时间、pH值)的最优组合。试验结果表明,各种酶的最适添加量分别为:α-淀粉酶1.4mL/g、胰蛋白酶0.5mL/g、糖化酶为5.0mL/g,其中,糖化酶是影响提取率的主要酶。糖化酶酶解的最佳工艺条件为:温度60℃,时间40min,pH值4.5。在最优工艺条件下制备甘薯渣膳食纤维产品,对产品进行分析表明,总膳食纤维提取率为81.6%,其中可溶性膳食纤维提取率可达25.7%,甘薯渣膳食纤维的膨胀力和持水力分别达到3.42mL/g和665%。     

Monitoring distances travelled by horses using GPS tracking collars

Objective The aims of this work were to (1) develop a low-cost equine movement tracking collar based on readily available components, (2) conduct preliminary studies assessing the effects of both paddock size and internal fence design on the movements of domestic horses, with and without foals at foot, and (3) describe distances moved by mares and their foals. Additional monitoring of free-ranging feral horses was conducted to allow preliminary comparisons with the movement of confined domestic horses. Procedures A lightweight global positioning system (GPS) data logger modified from a personal/vehicle tracker and mounted on a collar was used to monitor the movement of domestic horses in a range of paddock sizes and internal fence designs for 6.5-day periods. Results In the paddocks used (0.8–16 ha), groups of domestic horses exhibited a logarithmic response in mean daily distance travelled as a function of increasing paddock size, tending asymptotically towards approximately 7.5 km/day. The distance moved by newborn foals was similar to their dams, with total distance travelled also dependent on paddock size. Without altering available paddock area, paddock design, with the exception of a spiral design, did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled. Feral horses (17.9 km/day) travelled substantially greater mean daily distances than domestic horses (7.2 km/day in 16-ha paddock), even when allowing for larger paddock size. Conclusions Horses kept in stables or small yards and paddocks are quite sedentary in comparison with their feral relatives. For a given paddock area, most designs did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled.     

坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量

采用"3414"试验设计,进行田间试验,研究了坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量。结果表明:在偏干旱条件下,施氮提高紫花苜蓿产量8%～25%,施磷增产率在122%～172%之间,施钾降低紫花苜蓿产量0～12%;与无肥处理相比,缺磷处理减产38.24%,其余处理增产26%～68%,高磷处理增产率最高(67.94%);氮钾互作效应降低紫花苜蓿产草量,而磷钾和磷氮互作效应为提高;缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理的相对产量分别为75.02%、36.78%和91.60%,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的丰缺状况依次为中等、极缺和丰富。结合肥料效应函数法和养分丰缺指标法,得出坝上地区旱作条件下紫花苜蓿推荐年施氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)量分别为80、50和60kg/hm2。     

柱花草高产栽培综合农艺措施的研究

试验采用５因素二交正交旋转组合回归设计,对柱花草高产栽培的综合农艺措施进行研究,并建立了千物质产量与种植密度,收割次数、施过磷酸钙量、施复合肥量、喷施钼酸铵浓度先进５项农艺措施之间的数学模型,通过模型解析和寻优,得出在试验条件下,５项农艺措施对热研２号柱花草产量影响的程度依次为：收缩次数〉种植密度〉复合肥量〉施过磷酸钙量〉喷施钼酸铵浓度,并得出高产栽培组合方案。     

负荷传感转向液压系统优先阀的稳健设计

为了实现优先阀的稳健设计,基于解析法及SIMULINK分别建立了优先阀动态数学模型及仿真模型,仿真分析了系统各参数变化对优先阀动态响应特性的影响规律。在分析动态响应特性主要影响因素的基础上,以优先阀转向系统的流量响应超调量最小为设计目标,以优先阀的阀芯直径、弹簧刚度及节流口面积为设计变量,以方向盘角速度、转向负载、工作负载及输出流量为不确定因素,完成了基于损失模型的稳健设计。结果表明,稳健设计提高了设计目标的稳健性,一定程度上提升了优先阀的动态响应特性,该设计方法同样适用于其他阀件的改进设计。     

蔬菜钵苗移栽机取苗臂凸轮机构的设计与试验

采用解析法对蔬菜钵苗移栽机取苗臂凸轮机构进行了详细设计,以解决目前机构推苗作业时间长、速度慢而影响推苗成功率的问题。根据移栽机取苗和推苗作业时取苗针的运动要求,以及取苗臂的结构尺寸,建立凸轮机构设计的数学模型,优化凸轮推程运动角,进而得到凸轮实际轮廓曲线,进行了机构的运动及压力角分析。建立取苗机构的三维实体模型,制造出其物理样机,采用ADAMS软件进行虚拟样机运动仿真,开展高速摄像运动试验。仿真结果和试验结果基本一致,表明改进设计是正确和合理的,同时比较改进设计结果和原设计结果可知,所设计的凸轮机构能够满足蔬菜钵苗移栽的要求,且试验推苗时间比原设计有效缩短了27.9%,有助于提高推苗成功率和蔬菜钵苗移栽机的工作性能。     

现代住区园林景观的家园意象设计探究

国内现代住区园林建设问题主要集中在景观形式浅薄化和社区归属感缺失两个方面。为承载有意义的社区生活文化内容,促进居民审美价值判断的形成,并让住区园林满足居民的情感诉求,从而实现居民的家园愿景,需要填补家园意象设计的空白,让寄托着人对理想家园永恒追求的情感与愿望通过园林景观成功传递实意信息。基于从唐诗中提炼意象实体作为意象设计的思路,探究住区园林景观家园意象的设计原理和设计方法,以期为国内住区园林景观设计工作者提供参考和借鉴。     

水稻种绳直播机关键工作部件的设计研究

针对目前水稻直播机存在结构复杂、笨重、造价高、机具下陷量大、能耗高、机具转弯半径大、开沟器容易堵塞、每穴粒数调整困难等问题,提出了水稻种绳直播技术并介绍了其基本原理,重点对种绳直播机的种绳播放装置及防堵装置进行了分析计算与结构设计,为水稻种绳直播机的研制开发及有效解决播种机使用过程中存在的问题提供了依据.