Age-related resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is associated with the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis and is effective against Peronospora parasitica

As plants mature it has been observed that some become more resistant to normally virulent pathogens. The ability to manifest the Age-Related Resistance (ARR) response in Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars tomato (Pst) coincided with the transition to flowering in plants both delayed and accelerated in the transition to flowering. ARR was also associated with a change in PR-1 gene expression, such that young plants expressed PR-1 abundantly at 3 days post inoculation (dpi) while mature plants expressed much less. The Arabidopsis ARR response requires SA accumulation via isochorismate synthase (ICS1) [24]. ICS1 was expressed one dpi with virulent and avirulent Pst in both young and mature plants. The ARR response was also effective versus avirulent Pst providing an additional 4-fold limitation in bacterial growth. Arabidopsis ARR was found to be ineffective against two necrotrophs, Erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (bacterium) and Botrytis cinerea (fungus) and one obligate biotroph, Erysiphe cichoracearum (fungus). However, mature wild type, SA-deficient sid2 and NahG plants supported little growth of the obligate biotrophic oomycete, Peronospora parasitica. Therefore ARR to P. parasitica appears to be SA-independent, however the level of ARR resistance was somewhat reduced in these mutants in some experiments. Thus, there may be numerous defence pathways that contribute to adult plant resistance in Arabidopsis.     

Approach of allelopathy study with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. and Neurospora crassa

Allelopathy in Arabidopsis seeds was investigated in the present study because there are few available reports of allelopathy studies regarding the early development stage of the plant life cycle, and because Arabidopsis is widely used as a model plant for molecular biology. When cockscomb ( Celosia cristata ) was incubated together with Arabidopsis seeds, the growth of cockscomb was promoted by Arabidopsis seeds. Exudate of Arabidopsis seeds showed a promotive activity on the growth of cockscomb and Arabidopsis itself. A new method for studying allelopathic mechanisms involving the interaction of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. and the fungus Neurospora crassa was suggested. Arabidopsis seed exudate and the water-soluble fraction of the exudate promoted Arabidopsis growth and reduced fungal germination, indicating that the seed exudate has a species-selective activity. Conversely, the ethylacetate-soluble fraction inhibited growth of all tested materials in the current study. These results demonstrate that the water-soluble substance(s) released from Arabidopsis seeds have species-selective activity on growth of both plants and microorganisms.     

拟南芥DUF647家族成员RUS4植物表达载体的构建及亚细胞定位

ROOT UV-B SENSITIVE4 (RUS4)是拟南芥DUF647蛋白家族的一个功能未知的成员。RUS1和RUS2曾经报道和根UV-B-感应途径相关联,并在拟南芥早期幼苗形态发生和发育中发挥重要作用。为了探究RUS4的分子功能,本研究对RUS4蛋白进行了亚细胞定位分析。首先,我们通过Gateway TOPO载体系统,构建了融合蛋白表达载体pMDC83-RUS4;然后,通过农杆菌介导的花苞转化法,获得了转化pMDC83-RUS4的转基因拟南芥株系;对转基因植物叶肉原生质体的荧光显微镜观察显示,RUS4-GFP信号与叶绿体的自发荧光共定位,说明RUS4蛋白定位叶绿体中。该结果为进一步研究RUS4的分子功能奠定了良好的基础。     

转MsLEA4-4基因拟南芥株系的耐盐性分析

为了深入研究紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）MsLEA4-4基因的抗逆性，本试验对前期获得的转MsLEA4-4基因的拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）株系进行不同浓度盐胁迫处理，以验证MsLEA4-4基因在拟南芥植株体内的耐盐性。试验结果表明：盐胁迫后转基因株系的发芽率达到55%，比对照植株（Control plant，CK）高81%；转基因株系的鲜重、叶绿素含量均高于CK（P<0.05）；盐胁迫后转基因株系的存活率比CK提高75.0%~81.3%；盐胁迫明显抑制根系生长，但转基因植株的侧根数量比CK多4~5根（P<0.05）；盐胁迫后转基因株系体内的可溶性糖含量（P<0.05）和超氧化物歧化酶（P<0.01），过氧化氢酶（P<0.01），过氧化物酶（P<0.05）活性均高于CK，脯氨酸（P<0.01）和丙二醛（P<0.05）含量均低于CK。综上可得，MsLEA4-4基因参与了拟南芥体内的耐盐性调控，提高了转基因拟南芥对盐胁迫的耐受性。本研究为进一步探索MsLEA4-4在转基因紫花苜蓿盐胁迫中的功能及培育耐盐性紫花苜蓿品种提供依据。     

影响静止中心(QC)细胞分裂的EMS突变体库构建与筛选分析

采用正向遗传学方法,以转基因拟南芥(Arabidopsis)SCRGVG UAS∶∶axr3-1为材料来进行EMS诱变。通过外源施加激素DEX诱导GVG/UAS系统启动axr3-1在静止中心表达,导致静止中心发生分裂。通过构建EMS突变体库,得到2 616份M2代候选突变体家系。对M2代种子进行初筛得到43个候选家系。经过复筛,获得22个具有稳定表型的突变体家系。根据表型相似性将候选家系分为5类,共6组。将候选家系进行组内杂交,根据F1代植株表型是否与亲本相似,获得2对等位突变体。这些突变体将为研究干细胞小生境的调控机制研究提供新材料。     

拟南芥AtWNK9基因的定位及表达分析

AtWNK9为拟南芥WNK（With no lysine kinase）激酶家族成员，其功能尚不清楚.采用生物信息学和生物学实验相结合的方法，对AtWNK9蛋白结构、亚细胞定位、启动子元件、基因表达模式进行了分析.研究发现，AtWNK9定位在细胞核中；该基因在拟南芥根中高效表达，其表达受ABA，NaCl、葡萄糖、热和冷等非生物胁迫处理强烈诱导.结果表明，AtWNK9为非生物胁迫反应相关基因，并可能参与根的生长发育.     

钙依赖蛋白激酶基因表达载体的构建及其对拟南芥的遗传转化

将钙依赖蛋白激酶(CDPK)基因插入到植物表达载体pBI121上,构建成特异性表达载体pBI121-CDPK,并采用农杆菌介导法将其转化进入拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia生态型品种中,获得了卡那霉素筛选的抗性植株,通过PCR扩增验证,拟南芥基因组中含有此抗性基因.     

拟南芥种皮色素形成机制的研究进展

类黄酮为拟南芥种皮的主要成色物质,其生物合成过程受到一系列基因的影响.这些基因中,一部分为结构基因(TT4、TT5、TT6、TT7、FLS1TT3,LDOX和BAN)编码一些酶类参与到类黄酮的生物合成;一部分作为调控基因(TT1,TT2,TT8,TTG1,TTG2和TT16)编码一些酶对生物合成途径起调控作用;另外一些基因(TT12,TT19)编码与色素转运、积累相关的蛋白质。这些基因中的一种或几种发生变异就能影响到类黄酮的生物合成,从而引起拟南芥种皮色泽的变异。在此,就拟南芥种皮的色泽变异及类黄酮生物合成机理作一介绍。     

拟南芥霜霉病抗眭分子机制研究进展

随着近年分子生物学技术的发展与应用，植物霜霉病抗性的研究有了长足的进展。本文就拟南芥抗霜霉病基因的克隆与结构分析，抗病信号传导，防卫反应和系统获得抗性，以及寄主一寄生菌共进化冲突方面进行了综述，并就今后的研究进行了展望。