人参发根的愈伤组织诱导

采用L9(34)正交试验设计方法研究了2,4-D、KT和6-BA3种植物生长调节物质在人参发根愈伤组织诱导中的作用.结果表明:人参发根愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS 2,4-D1mg/L 6-BA0.1mg/L;人参发根愈伤组织生长的最优培养基为MS 2,4-D1.5mg/L KT1.5mg/L.     

茶树品种对茶饼病的抗性研究

 通过对云南省选育和推广的4个茶树品种进行室内离体接种抗病性鉴定和田间品种抗病性调查,结果表明：4个品种均不同程度的感染茶饼病,其发病率和病情指数存在着一定差异（云抗10号<佛香3号<佛香2号<佛香1号）,但按照抗性分级标准分别属于高抗和中抗品种;室内离体接种不同浓度孢子发病情况试验表明：最适的接种孢子浓度为10×10下每视野50～60个孢子。     

Hemin induces and sustains the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate the relationship between hemin and Erk1/2 activation in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cultured HUVECs were separately incubated with hemin or H₂O₂ for different times. Subsequently Erk1/2 phosphorylation and total Erk1/2 were determined by Western blotting assay. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the cell cycle distribution. RESULTS: Hemin at the concentration of 1-10 μmol/L induced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in HUVECs, and sustained the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 for three hours. The duration of phospho-Erk1/2 induced by hemin was much longer than that in H₂O₂ control (3 h vs 30 min). CONCLUSION: Hemin induces and sustains the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in HUVECs, which indicates that the effect of hemin on the Erk1/2 activation may be one of pharmacological target of hemin.     

东北地区亚洲玉米螟不同寄主植物种群线粒体基因遗传多样性

为了解不同寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)寄主专化性及遗传多样性的影响,以东北地区取食4种寄主植物的亚洲玉米螟种群为研究对象,选取其线粒体COⅠ和COⅡ基因作为分子标记,通过序列比对分析,研究了亚洲玉米螟种群间的遗传多样性、基因流水平及分子变异。结果显示,亚洲玉米螟线粒体基因具有较丰富的遗传多态性;COⅠ和COⅡ基因总寄主植物种群Fu’s Fs检验结果分别为-1.82和-2.04,种群历史呈扩张趋势,基因流Nm分别为6.38和3.24,说明各种群间基因交流水平较高;遗传变异主要来自于种群内部;亚洲玉米螟的单倍型在BI树和NJ树上的分布拓扑结构与寄主植物间无对应关系。研究表明,取食不同寄主植物的亚洲玉米螟种群间的遗传多态性较高,基因交流频繁,且尚未发生遗传分化。     

Utilization of corn gluten meal as a protein source in the diet of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

A 57‐day feeding trial was designed to assess the potential of corn gluten meal (CGM) as a plant protein source in practical feeds for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Five experimental diets providing 350 g kg^?1 protein and 110 g kg^?1 lipid were prepared, where 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of fishmeal (FM) protein was substituted by protein from CGM. The results showed that partial or complete replacement of FM with CGM did not affect survival. The growth of the shrimp declined as the levels of CGM increased, diets containing CGM showing a significantly lower final weight (3.2–5.9 g) and specific growth rates (1.7–2.7% per day) compared to those fed on the diet with 0 CGM (7.1 g and 3.0% per day). Feed conversion ratio was also significantly affected by CGM level. The inclusion of CGM resulted in a statistical decrease in the apparent digestibility (AD) of dry matter from 77.9% to 66.0% and in AD of protein from 80.5% to 52.0%, of feed. The AD of amino acids, with the exception of lysine, declined with the dietary incorporation of CGM. In summary, reduced palatability, low protein digestibility and a deficiency of lysine and methionine seem to be the major reasons behind a depressed growth in shrimp fed on CGM protein‐based diets.     

29种天然植物提取物对指环虫杀灭作用的研究

利用金鱼、鲢、鲤、草鱼、欧洲鳗鲡所寄生的坏鳃指环虫、中型指环虫、鲢指环虫、伸展指环虫、拟指环虫为材料,建立以金鱼为寄主、中型指环虫为指示虫的杀虫药物筛选动物模型,使寄生感染率达100%。利用该模型对29种天然植物提取物进行杀虫活性筛选。结果表明:银杏外种皮、博落回、小果博落回、鸦胆子、云南重楼、杠柳、槟榔、陈皮最高杀虫率在48 h内均达70%以上,且对鱼安全性较高;刺五加、细柱五加、商陆、乌头、松针、藁本、青蒿、辣蓼、苦参对指环虫有一定的杀灭作用,杀虫率在20%~40%之间;荆芥、山奈、葫芦巴、萹蓄、芫花、马钱子、肉豆蔻、马兜铃、直立百部、千年健、常山、北乌头在实验浓度内对指环虫没有明显的杀灭作用。其中,银杏外种皮、博落回、小果博落回杀灭活性最强,使用浓度较低,该实验条件下杀灭率100%;鸦胆子、槟榔对鱼最为安全,但杀虫浓度较高。     

Do plant‐based diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) need additions of crystalline lysine or methionine?

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), initial weight 15 g, were fed ten experimental diets for 15 weeks. The diets were based on a mixture of plant proteins (PP) and fish meal (FM), where PP constituted 65% of dietary protein. PP mixtures were chosen to reach as low levels of lysine and methionine as possible. The diets were supplemented with increasing amounts of lysine (19.2–31.9 g kg^?1 diet) or methionine (9.4–12.3 g kg^?1 diet), in a regression design. No growth difference among diet groups was found in the plant‐based diets. Increased dietary lysine resulted in decreased liver size, plasma triacylglycerol concentration (TAG) and lipid productive value (LPV). Methionine additions did not result in changed Hepatosomatic index (HSI), LPV or plasma TAG. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein utilization were neither affected by lysine nor methionine. Plasma and muscle concentrations of free lysine and methionine correlated with dietary levels 5‐h post feeding. Overall conclusion was that cod maintain growth rates in plant‐based diets if dietary protein was high, without additional supplements of crystalline lysine or methionine. Lysine intake significantly influenced lipid metabolism, showing the necessity to add lysine in plant protein‐based diets to hinder increased lipid deposition. No such effects were found because of lack of methionine additions.     

道路绿篱植物种植数量偏差分析

通过对道路绿化工程中绿篱植物种植模型的分析,分析了道路绿化工程中可能出现的苗木数量偏差和工程造价偏差,并提出了启示、意义与对策建议。     

包膜肥料氮释放特性及快速检测方法研究

该文采用“盆栽法”和“水浸泡法”测试了美国Scotts公司生产的Osmocote聚合物包膜肥料,结果表明该肥料氮释放规律符合线性关系,“盆栽法”得出的肥效期为118．1d,与肥料标示的肥效期（31℃）3～4个月基本一致;国际常用方法和水浸泡法得出的肥效期分别为86．4d和54．7d,有一定的误差。文中提出了“强化浸泡法”,即以80℃、1：20（w／w）的2％盐酸溶液浸泡肥料,并用搅拌器以150r／min的速度搅拌上层溶液。建立了“盆栽法”与“强化浸泡法”测试结果的相关性方程,给出了工业生产中在线检测并预测肥料释放特性的方法,为编制肥料施用说明提供参考。验证结果表明,该法与“盆栽法”相比,平均绝对误差为0．525%,平均相对误差为1．71%。