光照和生长阶段对菖蒲根系泌氧的影响

以自然湖泊沉积物为研究基质,利用微型电机控制溶氧微电极实现纵向精确微位移,在照光与遮光条件下,对典型湿地植物菖蒲幼苗、成株根系根基部起总根长1/4处(根1/4)、根系中部(根1/2)、从根基部起总根长3/4处(根3/4)及根尖(根1)处根系微界面径向溶氧浓度变化进行原位精确测定.结果表明:无论有无光照,菖蒲幼苗、成株根系不同部位均存在从根表面至沉积物氧饱和度由高到低的氧扩散层,其厚度0.18-0.68 mm;根1/2、3/4、1处氧扩散能力菖蒲成株较幼苗显著增强(P＜0.01),根1/4处二者则无显著差异(P＞0.05);光照对菖蒲幼苗、成株根系不同部位氧扩散能力的影响存在差异,光照对菖蒲幼苗根1/2及菖蒲成株根1/2、根3/4处影响显著(照光组显著高于遮光组,P＜0.01),而对菖蒲幼苗根1/4、根3/4、根1及菖蒲成株根1/4、根1处无显著影响(P＞0.05);从根系泌氧空间差异上看,照光条件下菖蒲幼苗、成株分别表现为根1/2＞根3/4≈根1≈根1/4 (P＜0.01,P＞0.05)和根1/2＞根3/4＞根1＞根1/4( P＜0.01),遮光条件下菖蒲幼苗、成株分别表现为根1/2≈根3/4≈根1≈根1/4( P＞0.05)和根1/2＞根3/4≈根1＞根1/4( P＜0.01,P＞0.05).     

微囊藻毒素对陆生植物的污染途径及累积研究进展

微囊藻毒素(Microcystins,MCs)是全世界范围内普遍存在、且随着水体污染的加剧而在自然环境中大量积聚的蓝藻毒素之一,对多种生物有着严重的毒性作用。MCs在生物体内富集并通过食物链传递,对人类健康造成威胁。近些年,MCs对陆生植物的毒害作用及累积研究尤为引人关注,取得了一批重要的研究成果。MC-LR(L为亮氨酸)和MC-RR(R为精氨酸)是淡水水体中普遍存在且危害较大的两种MCs异构体。针对这两种毒素,重点介绍其对陆生植物的污染途径、毒性作用及其在作物体内的累积量,对今后的研究进行了展望。     

AM真菌在植物病虫害生物防治中的作用机制

丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizae,AM)真菌是一类广泛分布于土壤生态系统中的有益微生物,能与大约80%的陆生高等植物形成共生体。由土传病原物侵染引起的土传病害被植物病理学界认定为最难防治的病害之一。研究表明,AM真菌能够拮抗由真菌、线虫、细菌等病原体引起的土传性植物病害,诱导宿主植物增强对病虫害的耐/抗病性。当前,利用AM真菌开展病虫害的生物防治已经引起生态学家和植物病理学家的广泛关注。基于此,围绕AM真菌在植物病虫害生物防治中的最新研究进展,从AM真菌改变植物根系形态结构、调节次生代谢产物的合成、改善植物根际微环境、与病原微生物直接竞争入侵位点和营养分配、诱导植株体内抗病防御体系的形成等角度,探究AM真菌在植物病虫害防治中的作用机理,以期为利用AM真菌开展植物病虫害的生物防治提供理论依据,并对本领域未来的发展方向和应用前景进行展望。     

基因枪介导红叶石楠遗传转化因素分析

 以红叶石楠（Photinia fraseri）的胚性愈伤组织为受体材料,利用基因枪法导入外源抗寒基 因rd29A,以期建立基因枪转化红叶石楠的技术体系。结果表明,基因枪转化红叶石楠的最佳组合条件为： 胚性愈伤组织在诱导培养基MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg · L-1 + NAA 5.0 mg · L-1 + 2,4-D 0.5 mg · L-1 + 琼脂5.0 g · L-1 + 蔗糖20 g · L-1 里,用0.3 mol · L-1 甘露醇处理15 ~ 16 h;基因枪轰击时添加12.5 mol · L-1 氯化钙 50 μL + 0.1 mol · L-1 亚精胺50 μL,每枪含金粉300 μg + 质粒DNA 3.0 μg,轰击距离9 cm,轰击压力1 100 psi, 轰击次数1 次。经多次筛选获得了6 株转基因植株,转化植株经PCR 检测和Southern 分析,证实了rd29A 已经整合到红叶石楠基因组中。     

柳州市水生蔬菜产业发展现状及规划

分析阐述了柳州市水生蔬菜产业的基本情况、资源分布、产品开发等现状,总结了水生蔬菜产业在生产、管理、技术探索中取得的成果．并提出柳州市水生蔬菜产业发展的总体规划与促进产业发展的主要策略。     

马鞍山地区水生蔬菜生产现状与发展趋势

通过对马鞍山地区主要种植的水生蔬菜种类及生产现状进行分析．指出了马鞍山地区水生蔬菜生产存在传统品种较多、栽培方式落后、生产管理粗放的问题,并分析出了其今后的发展趋势。     

网箱养鳝水体适宜水生植物的筛选

从经济价值、对水深的适应性及植株扩展度3个方面对长江流域适宜种植的23种水生植物进行了筛选．认为菜用睡莲（咖n加aeaspp．）、蕹菜（昂0埘0eaaquatiea）、菱角（Trapaspp．）及芡实（Euryaleferox）4种水生经济植物比较适合于网箱养蟮水体种植,并提出了相应的栽培技术要点。     

Strawberry Production,Growth and Development in Northern Climates

Abstract

This paper focuses on the cropping systems in northern European countries such as Norway and Finland. Winter injury commonly occurs in strawberry fields in northern climates and inadequate snow cover further aggravates the problem. During the last decade there has been an increase in programmed “out-of-season” strawberry production. Greenhouse producers aim for year-round production, whereas those using polyethylene tunnels extend the main production season to include May/June and September/October. The dominant strawberry cultivars in Nordic countries are ‘Senga Sengana’ for the processing industry and the Dutch cultivar ‘Korona’ is preferred for direct fresh market consumption due to its good flavor and high yields. Recently, ‘Honeoye’ has gained considerable interest among Danish and Swedish growers due to its high productivity and its relatively low susceptibility to grey mold. In Finland, the Norwegian cultivar ‘Jonsok’ is one of the most popular cultivars due to its high tolerance to winter injury and grey mold.     

Effect of different rates of composted organic amendment on urban soil properties,growth and nutrient status of three Mediterranean native hedge species

Increasing green space, especially in densely built-up areas is considered to be a valuable climate change adaptation response in order to reduce the threat of high temperatures to human health and comfort and to controlled global greenhouse gas emissions. Practical responses to climate change, under urban conditions, in order to avoid or reduce trees and shrubs vulnerability, can be considered drought resistant planting approaches, as the addition of organic amendeds to soil. The improvement of physical–chemical soil quality is a key step for carrying out xeriscaping programs of urban green spaces in Mediterranean semiarid areas. Organic amendments, particularly compost, have been receiving a renewed attention not only in horticulture but also in the context of restoring disturbed urban soils to address environmental issues as well as to improve trees and shrubs growth. The influence of increasing rates (0, 15, 30, and 45%) of composted sewage sludge (SSC) placed in the plantation hole on both urban soil properties and growth for three native Mediterranean woody hedge species was monitored over a 2-year period after planting. The experiment was supported by a xerogardening project in an urban context under semi-arid conditions. The results indicate that the urban soil physical characteristics were positively influenced by the addition of SSC: the 45% rate showed an increase in both moisture and infiltration values, thereby increasing the volume of plant-available water in the soil. The chemical properties of the amended soils were also directly affected by the SSC rate, but the effect of the compost on organic matter, nitrogen and potassium contents decreased over time. Our results prove that the hedge growth response to the compost treatments is also highly dependent on the rate of compost used. At the end of the trial, in Rhamnus and Myrthus plants 30% compost level guarantees the best performance; in fact, the further addition of 15% of compost led to a significant decrease in hedge and diameter values, in particular in Myrtle. This could be explained by the high pH at 45% compost, which would seem not to suit the physiology of the two species. On the other hand, in Phillyrea plants, the rate of 45% compost gives high performance equal to that of 30%; it would therefore seem that the high pH at 45% compost does not influence the nutritive elements’ absorption and, as a consequence, the growth. The use of composted sludge as an amendment for sclerophyllous could be feasible and, what is more, helpful to mitigate the environmental impact of organic waste disposal. Moreover more natural vegetation can be introduced into urban parks and green spaces in semi-arid environments to encourage sustainable landscaping and xerogardening.     

乡村公园植物配置方法研究——以北碚静观乡村公园为例

从现状入手,探讨乡村公园植物选材、植物配置的基本原则和方法,分析其中存在的一些误区。并结合自身设计的北碚静观乡村公园中几个具有特色的景区特点,进一步探讨乡村公园如何通过植物配置来体现乡村的特色。