Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on citrus: Seasonal abundance, association with the species of host plant, and sampling indices

Samples were collected from southern Greece during 1996–2000 in order to investigate the presence of parasitoids onAphis gossypii Glover infesting several citrus species. The species of aphidiines found to have a significantly different preference forA. gossypii wereAphidius colemani Viereck,Aphidius matricariae Haliday,Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh),Ephedrus persicae Froggat,Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson),Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall) andBinodoxys angelicae (Haliday). In another sampling experiment, the relative abundance of aphidiine parasitoids on aphids infesting orange and tangerine trees was studied in southern Greece (Nea Kios) in 1996 and 1997.A. gossypii constituted the largest part of the aphid population and was the only species parasitized.B. angelicae andA. colemani were the most abundant parasitoid species. The parasitization rate differed among the parasitoid species.B. angelicae had the highest colonization rate in centrally located and large host (A. gossypii) groups, whereasA. colemani was found in more isolated and relatively small host groups. The percentage of parasitism byB. angelicae was high mainly in large host groups, whenB. angelicae was the only parasitoid present. However, in cases of coexistence ofB. angelicae withA. colemani with hyperparasitoids, in the same sampling unit, the percentage of parasitism was relatively low. http://www.phytoparasitica.org     

二斑叶螨对阿维菌素的抗药性预测研究

阿维菌素以其新型的作用机制,已成为防治二斑叶螨的主要药剂。因此,预测抗药性是否产生及何时产生,成为当务之急。以选择压力为约杀死种群60%的剂量,对二斑叶螨进行室内汰选,每隔5代用玻片浸渍法对种群进行测定,求得毒力回归方程。结果表明,室内该螨对阿维菌素抗性发展较快,汰选至20代时抗性指数为8.09。并且,种群中已有抗性纯合子个体存在。     

东亚小花蝽若虫对大豆蚜捕食功能的研究

本文研究了东亚小花蝽4～5龄若虫捕食大豆蚜的功能反应和寻找效应.结果表明,在供试温度下其捕食功能反应符合Holling Ⅱ型方程.在相同温度下,东亚小花蝽4～5龄若虫的捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而增大,搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低.在18～26℃,随着温度的升高,东亚小花蝽4～5龄若虫对大豆蚜的捕食量增加,而在26～34℃则有相反的趋势.在相同猎物密度条件下,随着东亚小花蝽4～5龄若虫密度的增大,其平均捕食量逐渐减少,捕食作用率E也相应地降低,捕食作用率E与东亚小花蝽4～5龄若虫密度P的关系为E=0.1249 P-0.1776,分摊竞争强度I与东亚小花蝽4～5龄若虫密度P的关系为I=0.3526 lg P+0.0152.     

蜡蚧菌和3种低浓度杀虫剂混用对大豆蚜的影响

为研究蜡蚧菌与新型生物农药混用在生物防治中的应用,本文采用PDA培养基培养蜡蚧菌BNCC336750分生孢子。采用浸渍法对大豆蚜进行毒力测定,选取最佳防治效果的10⁸孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液浓度与亚致死浓度的化学农药35%吡虫啉悬浮剂和生物农药0.3%印楝素乳油、0.5%苦参碱水乳剂进行混配。结果表明,大豆蚜的累计校正死亡率随菌株孢子悬浮液浓度的增大而增大,当浓度为10⁸孢子/mL时对大豆蚜毒力最高。菌药混用对大豆蚜的防治效果比单用蜡蚧菌BNCC336750孢子悬浮液或亚致死浓度生物农药的防治效果都要好。其中菌株BNCC336750孢子悬浮液与印楝素混用效果最好,处理7 d后大豆蚜累计死亡率达到94.16%。与苦参碱和吡虫啉混用7 d后大豆蚜累计死亡率分别为86.13%和80.29%。田间试验表明,印楝素混配菌株BNCC336750孢子悬浮液效果最好,7 d后防治效果达到89.47%。     

Impacts of abiotic factors on population fluctuation of insect fauna of Vigna radiata and Tetranychus urticae Koch in Sindh, Pakistan

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on population dynamics of insect pests of mung bean was studied during mung bean growing season of 2005. Insect pests included thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and field cricket (Gryllus assimilis) and one arachnid pest mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Results revealed that the maximum population of thrips and mites was observed on August 23, 2005 with 1.537±0.031 per leaf and July 6, 2005 with 3.271±0.09 per leaf, respectively. The population of field cricket differed significantly during crop season and reached its peak during the initial stage of crop growth on June 14, 2005, i.e., 0.873±0.014 per plant at the temperature and relative humidity of 32°C and 54%, respectively, while the minimum population was noted on August, i.e., 0.710±0.010 per plant. Present studies conclusively document the correlation of weather factors and insect pest population. Temperature had a negative and significant correlation with thrips (r = −0.860) and a positive and significant correlation with mites (r = 0.606) and field cricket (r = 0.439). However, the relative humidity displayed a positive and significant correlation with thrips (r = 0.569), a negative non-significant correlation with mites (r = −0.313), and a significant negative correlation with field cricket (r = −0.770).     

转双价基因(Bt+CpTI)抗虫棉对棉蚜羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力的影响(英文)

[目的]研究了转双价基因棉SGK321对棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力的影响,为转基因棉的生物安全性评价提供理论依据。[方法]在SGK321及其亲本棉石远321上长期饲养棉蚜,研究2种棉花品种对棉蚜短期(第1、2、3代)和长期(第41、42、43代)的影响。[结果]在SGK321上取食1代的棉蚜种群羧酸酯酶比活力显著高于在亲本棉上取食1、2、3代的棉蚜种群,转双价基因棉SGK321上饲养1、2、3代的棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力均显著高于在石远321上饲养相同代数的棉蚜。但长期饲养的2种棉蚜之间羧酸酯酶比活力、乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力无显著差异。[结论]长期取食转双价基因棉SGK321的棉蚜通过棉蚜解毒酶的调节作用对SGK321产生了适应性。     

Aphidicidal activity of some indigenous plant extracts against bean aphid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphis </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">craccivora</Emphasis> Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Aphidicidal activity of hot and cold water extracts of some indigenous plants, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem), Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (akanda), Polygonum hydropiper L. (biskatali) and Ipomoea sepiaria J. Koenig ex Roxb. (bankalmi), were tested against the bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Hot water extract of P. hydropiper and A. indica was found to be the most effective (87.6–94.5 and 80.47–89.6% mortality respectively, P < 0.01) among all the extracts. Other hot and cold water extracts also appeared to be useful (59.5–87.5% mortality) as pesticides for A. craccivora. The highest yield (3.25 kg per plant) was obtained using hot water extract of P. hydropiper followed by hot water extract of A. indica (3.15 kg per plant). The lowest yield (0.32 kg per plant) was recorded from the control block. All the phytoproduct treatments had significantly (P < 0.01) better yield than the control block.     

十一星瓢虫对棉蚜的控制作用的评估

十一星瓢虫是新疆棉区棉蚜的重要天敌,为更好地的保护利用使其在棉蚜综合防治中发挥作用,运用田间系统调查结合生态学方法对其控害作用进行评估。结果表明：棉田中十一星瓢虫与棉蚜的变化关系密切,随着棉蚜数量的增加不断增加。是控制蚜虫及多种害虫的发生的重要因素。幼虫及成虫对棉蚜的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ反应,1～4龄幼虫和成虫最大日捕食量分别为17．42、46．73、96．15、151．52和144．93头,表明十一星瓢虫对棉蚜捕食潜力很大。在恒温24～28℃内。十一星瓢虫的种群趋势指数和内禀增长力较高,种群加倍时间较短。因此,十一星瓢虫是具有很好的开发利用前景的天敌昆虫。     

不同温度对绣线菊蚜(Aphis citricola Van der Goot)实验种群的影响

在13,15,17,19,23,26,28℃七个温度梯度及相对湿度70%±10%的条件下饲养绣线菊蚜(Aphis citricola Van der Goot),测定了其若虫各发育阶段的发育起点温度、有效积温及其种群生殖力参数。结果表明,在13~28℃温度范围内,蚜虫各发育阶段发育历期随温度的升高而缩短。绣线菊蚜在17℃时净增殖率最高,达到8.23。19℃的内禀增长率(0.09)最大,种群加倍时间(8.09 d)最短,绣线菊蚜的最适生长温度在19℃附近。高温和低温均不利于绣线菊蚜的生长发育,28℃时其各项繁殖力参数急剧下降。而在13℃下其若虫未能正常进入成虫发育阶段。     

阿克泰等杀虫剂对棉蚜和瓢虫的毒力测定

在室内分别测定了阿克泰、赛丹和功夫3种杀虫剂对棉蚜Aphis gossypii(Glover)、十一星瓢虫Coccinella undecimpanctata(Linnaceus)和多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegate(Goeze)的毒力;比较了药剂在两种瓢虫和棉蚜间的选择毒力比(STR),以及两种药剂之间选择性差异。结果表明:阿克泰对棉蚜的毒力较高,LC50为6.5426mg/L,阿克泰在十一星瓢虫和棉蚜之间、多异瓢虫和棉蚜之间的选择毒力比(STR)值分别是154.28和105.98,表现出显著的毒力选择性。而功夫STR值均较小(4.39～4.69),表明对两种瓢虫有较低的选择性。由此证明,阿克泰不仅对棉蚜毒力高,对两种天敌瓢虫杀伤力较小,具有较高的安全性。