微粒蒙脱石对猪组织铅水平、红细胞生成和肝脏ALA-D酶活性及铅诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

选60头体质量约33kg的“杜长大”杂交猪，随机分成2组，每组3个重复，一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg/kg铅＋0.5％微粒蒙脱石，另一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg／kg铅作为对照。研究结果表明：添加微粒蒙脱石组与对照组相比，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量：通过血细胞计数、血红素和血球容积测定表明，添加微粒蒙脱石组的红细胞生成显著增高，且肝脏中ALA—D酶活性显著提高。铅对肝脏的损伤作用明显。表现为丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（17．08％），过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）含量分别降低85．73％、52．17％、47．56％，而在日粮中添加微粒蒙脱石可以显著改善铅诱导的上述损伤。结果提示，微粒蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。     

Effect of short‐term supplementation with rumen‐protected fat during the late luteal phase on reproduction and metabolism of ewes

This study was designed to study the effect of short‐term supplementation with rumen‐protected fat during the late luteal phase on reproduction and metabolism of sheep during breeding season. Seventy‐six ewes (Rahmani, Barki and Awassi × Barki) were allocated to two groups considering genotype: the control ewes (C‐group) received a maintenance diet, and the fat‐supplemented ewes (F‐group) received the maintenance diet plus 50 g/head/day of rumen‐ protected fat (Megalac) for 9 days during which oestrus was synchronized. The latter had been accomplished using double intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) 11 days apart. Ovarian activity, serum concentration of cholesterol, glucose, insulin and reproductive performance variables were recorded. Data were analysed considering treatment (group) and genotype. Supplementation had positive effects on the overall mean serum concentrations of cholesterol (p < 0.05), glucose (p < 0.05) on day 6 of nutritional treatment and insulin (p = 0.07) on day 8. Fat supplementation did not affect the total number of follicles, follicle populations and ovulation rate. However, fat‐supplemented Rahmani ewes tended to have higher ovulation rate compared with other breeds (treatment × breed interaction, p = 0.06). Treatment also did not affect the mean concentration of serum estradiol or progesterone. Supplemented ewes had higher conception (p = 0.06) and lambing rates (p < 0.05) compared with control. In conclusion, short‐term supplementation with rumen‐protected fat as a source of energy around breeding time improved metabolism, conception and lambing rates of ewes without effects on steroidogenic capacity and ovarian activity being apparent.     

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid modulates phagocytic responses of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes exposed to Clostridium difficile toxin B

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) has been reported to enhance phagocyte function. Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) has been known to inhibit Ras-homologous (Rho) guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) which play essential roles in neutrophil immune functions. Here, we examined whether in vitro treatment with t10c12-CLA modulates the filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization, phagocytic capacity, and oxidative burst activity (OBA) of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs) exposed to TcdB. Treatment with t10c12-CLA, but not linoleic acid, enhanced PMN F-actin polymerization, phagocytic capacity, and OBA, while TcdB suppressed these functions. t10c12-CLA reversed the suppressive effects of TcdB on these PMN functions. t10c12-CLA stimulated F-actin polymerization regardless of whether phagocytosis was stimulated by microspheres but only elevated OBA when microspheres were added. We asked whether the effects of t10c12-CLA were associated with changes in the activation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42. Treatment with t10c12-CLA augmented Cdc42 activity in both TcdB-treated and TcdB-naive PMNs during phagocytosis. Thus, t10c12-CLA up-regulates PMN phagocytic responses attenuated by TcdB. This effect is associated with an increase in actin polymerization and may involve the activation of Cdc42.     

提取液及固-液分离方法对固态非淀粉多糖酶类活性的影响

本试验旨在探讨固态酶制剂评估中酶的适宜提取液及固-液分离方法。采用4×3双因素完全随机设计,其中提取液分别为去离子水、乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,p H 5.50)、磷酸盐缓冲液(0.05 mol/L,p H 6.00)和0.9%Na Cl溶液;溶液提取后的固-液分离方法分别为不分离、3 000 r/min离心3 min和中速滤纸过滤。每个处理5个重复,每个重复设2个平行,测定各个处理下酶的活性,并考察提取液的类型对酶制剂产品(α-半乳糖苷酶除外)溶解离心后溶液中溶质及蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,磷酸盐缓冲液溶解木聚糖酶后活性最高(P0.05);乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液及0.9%Na Cl溶液溶解β-葡聚糖酶后活性相当(P0.05),且均显著地高于去离子水(P0.05);去离子水溶解β-甘露聚糖酶后活性最高,其次为乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液,两者都显著地高于磷酸盐缓冲液和0.9%Na Cl溶液(P0.05)。提取液类型对α-半乳糖苷酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。酶制剂溶解后的固-液分离方法对木聚糖酶的测定活性无显著性影响(P0.05);提取液离心或过滤后β-葡聚糖酶活性最高(P0.05);提取液离心后β-甘露聚糖酶活性最高(P0.05);而提取液不分离时α-半乳糖苷酶的活性最高(P0.05)。提取液的种类和酶制剂溶解后的固-液分离方法对4种非淀粉多糖酶的测定活性有极显著的交互作用(P0.01)。乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液对木聚糖酶制剂的溶解度最大(P0.05),去离子水和0.9%Na Cl溶液均对β-葡聚糖酶及β-甘露聚糖酶制剂的溶解度最大(P0.05)。然而,乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液溶解木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶后提取液中蛋白质的含量均最低(P0.05)。上述结果表明,乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液溶解4种固态酶制剂可以最有效地将酶蛋白提取出来,α-半乳糖苷酶提取后不宜固液分离,而其他3种酶的提取液适宜进行离心分离。     

猪链球菌2型分泌性核酸酶A(SsnA)活性检测及其基因序列的克隆与测序分析

对8株猪链球菌2型重庆分离株的核酸酶A全基因进行克隆测序,结果表明该基因长度为3 126 bp,与Gen-Bank发表的唯一的该基因的序列相比,核苷酸同源性高于98%,推导的氨基酸同源性高于94%。根据核酸酶A基因的测序结果建立扩增片段长度为301 bp的PCR检测方法,并用甲苯胺蓝DNA酶琼脂对猪链球菌分泌性核酸酶A的活性进行检测。检测了从病猪内脏分离的猪链球菌致病株35株,33株核酸酶A基因PCR检测阳性(阳性比例为94.3%),其中有24株分泌活性检测为阳性(阳性比例68.6%);正常猪扁桃体分离株14株,PCR检测为阳性的10株(阳性比例71.4%),其中有核酸酶A分泌活性为8株(阳性比例57.1%),检测菌株中有2型猪链球菌44株,38株扩增出核酸酶A基因的片段PCR检测阳性并且分泌活性为阳性的有32株,猪链球菌1型、7型、9型、13型、1/2型各1株,均能扩增出核酸酶A基因的片段,但只有13型猪链球菌有核酸酶A分泌活性。对猪链球菌在不同生长时期核酸酶活性的检测显示,猪链球菌在培养4、8、16、32、48 h均有核酸酶A的分泌,并且C a2 和M g2 为分泌性核酸酶A的活性必需因子。     

饲粮含硫氨基酸水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及酶活性的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮含硫氨基酸水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及酶活性的影响。试验选择体重接近的28日龄断奶仔猪80头,称重后随机分为试验1、2、3、4组,各组饲粮中含硫氨基酸含量分别0.49%、0.64%、0.79%、0.94%,共进行21d。试验结果,仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)随着饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平增加出现先增加后下降的趋势,料肉比(F/C)与之趋势相反,当含硫氨基酸含量为0.79%时(试验3组)生长性能最好。其中,试验2、3组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)较试验1组分别增加12.5%、15.9%(P<0.05),F/C较试验1组分别降低10.8%、12.4%(P<0.05)。饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平显著影响仔猪空肠形态,而对十二指肠、回肠形态无显著影响(P>0.05)。相比于试验1组,试验2、3、4组空肠绒毛高度(VH)分别增加8.6%、11.7%、9.1%(P<0.05),空肠隐窝深度(CD)分别下降22.6%、16.4%、12.7%(P<0.05),试验2、3组绒毛高度和隐窝深度比(V/C)较试验1组分别增加24.3%、17.4%(P<0.05)。除此之外,饲粮中含硫氨基酸显著影响仔猪空肠中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性(二次P<0.05)及麦芽糖酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中含硫氨基酸水平显著影响断奶仔猪小肠发育及空肠内酶活性,改善生长。     

盐胁迫对离体百合不定芽诱导及生理活性的影响

采用组织培养法研究了5种NaCl浓度0％,0.3％,0.5％,0.8％,1.2％对百合不定芽诱导、生长及丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、蛋白质含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果表明:百合对盐胁迫极为敏感,随NaCl浓度的增加,百合不定芽形成频率逐渐降低,不定芽及不定根生长缓慢,且在1.2％NaCl浓度下,无不定芽及根的形成.进...     

2910年国内外蜂胶研宄概况（一）

对2010年国内外蜂胶的研究概况进行了综述,对公开发表的227篇中英文文献及11篇硕士学位论文的研究领域、地域分布、刊物分布等情况进行了统计分析和评价,并重点介绍了蜂胶化学成分、药理活性、提取工艺、加工工艺、质量控制以及在农业、畜牧业等方面的研究与应用新进展。