8种新型杀菌剂对玉米小斑病菌的室内毒力研究

采用Horafall法和生长速率法,测定了8种新型杀菌剂对玉米小斑菌的毒力,得到8条毒力回归曲线及相应的EC。值。结果表明：供试杀菌剂中烯唑醇对玉米小斑病菌菌丝生长有最强的抑制作用,其回归曲线的相关系数和相应EC50值分别为0．883和1．8858E＋1。其次是速克灵和百菌清,它们回归曲线的相关系数和相应EC50值分别为0．996、0．974和9．1643E＋1、9．2918E＋1春雷霉素、腈菌净、甲基托布津、新万生对玉米小斑菌的毒力较差。筛选出的3种强毒力杀菌剂混配试验结果为：速克灵与烯唑醇2：8的混配组合,增效比为1．2,百菌清与烯唑醇6：4的混配组合,增效比为1．6,速克灵与百菌清2：8的混配组合．增效比为2．它们均为混配试验组合中对玉米小斑病菌增效比最大的增效组合。     

不同前茬作物与种植密度对大蒜农艺性状的影响

为研究不同前茬作物和种植密度对大蒜生长发育的影响,通过设定大豆茬(A1)、谷子茬(A2)和不同密度(M1、M2)两因素试验,测定不同处理的大蒜农艺性状指标和产量。试验结果表明,大蒜的农艺性状指标A1处理高于A2处理,M2处理高于M1处理,处理间产量没有显著差异。在生产中可以通过优化前茬作物和种植密度来提升大蒜商品性。     

Application of imidacloprid controlled-release granules to enhance the utilization rate and control wheat aphid on winter wheat

During winter wheat production, aphids need to be controlled with pesticides for the entire growth period. Controlled-release technology has been regarded as an alternative method for the improvement of pesticide efficiency. This study investigated two types of imidacloprid controlled-release granule (CR-GR): 2% imidacloprid CR-GR and 0.2% imidacloprid pesticide-fertilizer controlled-release granule (PF-CR-GR) when wheat was sown in winter. The release performance, utilization rate, terminal residues in edible parts, control effect on aphids, and achieved winter wheat yield were evaluated for both laboratory experiments and field application. Imidacloprid PF-CR-GR released more quickly in aqueous medium than CR-GR because of its good water solubility. After CR-GR treatments, the concentrations in wheat roots and soil were similar throughout the entire sampling period, and the concentrations in shoots were about 10–20% of those in roots. Imidacloprid was better absorbed when CR-GR was used as root treatment, compared with foliar treatment. Field application showed that imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR controlled aphids throughout the entire growth period of winter wheat and improved the wheat yield. These findings identified application of imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR on winter wheat as an effective way to enhance the pesticide utilization rate and ensure adequate yield. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the scientific use of pesticides and guides scientific pesticide application.     

Comparative study on the effects of buckwheat by roasting: Antioxidant properties,nutrients, pasting,and thermal properties

The increasing need to prolong the shelf life of buckwheat has prompted the use of roasting techniques in buckwheat processing. For effective roasting, the responses of common buckwheat (CB) and tartary buckwheat (TB) to the process should be explored. Herein, the antioxidant properties, nutrients, pasting, and thermal properties of raw and roasted buckwheat flours (roasted at 200 °C for 50 s) from two CB and three TB varieties were investigated. Results showed that roasting considerably reduced the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of TB. The TPC of CB was significantly improved by roasting, whereas the TFC significantly decreased. The total antioxidant capacities were consistent with the TPCs. Additionally, the colour deepened as the amount of antioxidant compounds increased. Unexpectedly, roasting enhanced the protein and fat contents of CB and decreased those of TB. Roasting improved the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of CB, and opposite results were obtained in TB. In conclusion, CB was more suitable to the development of roasted specialty products with nutritional applications than TB. We suggest that differences among varieties should be considered first in the buckwheat roasting process.     

人参/西洋参枯叶病缓解实验

通过各供试药剂在西洋参枯叶病上的使用,验证各供试药剂对西洋参枯叶病的缓解作用。结果表明,参多乐450倍液+益微450倍液对西洋参枯叶病缓解效果突出,在一定程度上解决了枯叶病给西洋参带来的危害。且该配方在人参上同样适用。     

Sargassum horneri as a Functional Food Ameliorated IgE/BSA-Induced Mast Cell Activation and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mice

Sargassum horneri (S. horneri), an edible brown alga, has been proposed as a functional food with an improvement effect on abnormal skin immune responses. The present study investigates the anti-allergic effect of an ethanol extract from S. horneri (SHE) on immunoglobulin E (IgE)/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated activation in bone marrow-derived cultured-mast cells (BMCMCs) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. SHE markedly and dose-dependently suppressed the degranulation of BMCMCs by reducing the β-hexosaminidase and histamine release without cytotoxicity. In addition, SHE significantly decreased the FcεRI expression on the surface of BMCMCs and its IgE binding. Moreover, SHE reduced the mRNA expression and the production of allergic cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13; interferon (IFN)-γ and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; and a chemokine, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), by suppressing the activation of Src-family kinases and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. In further study, the application of SHE reduced the PCA reaction in an IgE/BSA-induced type I allergic mice model. Taken together, we suggest that SHE has an anti-allergic effect in type I allergic responses.     

利用高巧(60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂)防治小豆蚜虫效果研究

[目的]探讨小豆蚜虫防治新技术,比较研究种衣剂拌种的防治效果。[方法]选用高巧(60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂)进行播前拌种试验,采用50 mL水分别加入高巧2、4、6、8 mL拌种1.0kg的处理方法,播种后比较其出苗率及幼苗的发育情况、蚜虫防治效果、小豆百粒重、产量及增产率。[结果]高巧拌种不会影响小豆出苗,可有效防治小豆蚜虫,但防效随时间延长而降低。防效保持在85%以上,可显著提高小豆百粒重和产量。[结论]该技术可在小豆生产中进行推广应用。     

玉溪林下地被植物引种应用研究

对林下地被植物的选择、分类及在玉溪园林中的应用进行了总结,分析了种植林下地被植物时存在的问题,筛选出适应林下种植的优良花卉地被品种,对开发利用林下乡土地被植物提出建议,为今后林下花卉地被的配置种植提供了参考。     

不同介质对真姬菇菌种保藏效果的对比

选择适宜的菌种保藏介质,是有效保障真姬菇菌种品质的重要一环,不仅关系到真姬菇栽培者的直接利益,也关系到种质资源的保存与延续。通过测定菌丝生长速率和菌丝脱氢酶活力,对22种真姬菇菌种保藏介质的保藏效果进行了对比分析。结果表明0.1%的PEG6000溶液对真姬菇菌种保藏6个月和9个月的整体保藏效果最好,其次是0.1%的PEG10000溶液与超纯水,再次是0.8%葡萄糖溶液和矿泉水。0.6%葡萄糖溶液仅适于真姬菇菌种9个月的保藏,纯净水仅适于真姬菇菌种6个月的保藏。其他介质的保藏效果略差。     

节节麦防除药剂及其增效助剂筛选

为筛选能有效防除节节麦Aegilops tauschii的除草剂及助剂,通过室内盆栽法评价11种除草剂对节节麦的防除效果,分析比较15种不同助剂对其中2种除草剂甲基二磺隆和异丙隆的增效作用,并明确其最适配比。结果显示,在供试11种除草剂中,甲基二磺隆和异丙隆对节节麦具有较的好防除效果,当其施药量分别为13、1 000 g（a.i.）/hm²时,对节节麦的鲜重抑制率分别达68.40%和76.46%,其余9种除草剂的防除效果较差,鲜重抑制率在4.62%~35.95%之间;筛选到对甲基二磺隆有显著增效作用的2种助剂——乙基和甲基酯植物油、有机硅408,其最适用量分别为甲基二磺隆喷液量的0.5%和0.2%（体积比）,增效分别为15.21%和26.52%;筛选到对异丙隆有显著增效作用的3种助剂——异十三醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚醚改性七甲基三硅氧烷、乙基和甲基酯植物油,其最适用量分别为异丙隆喷液量的0.1%、0.05%、0.25%（体积比）,增效分别为26.24%、21.80%和25.99%。表明甲基二磺隆、异丙隆可用于防除节节麦,添加助剂可进一步提高其对节节麦的防除效果。