点播条件下早熟燕麦单株粒重与几个主要性状的相关性研究

在点播条件下，对４２个早熟燕麦材料７个性状的表现及其性状间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：单株地上生物量和单株粒数的变异程度较大，株高和千粒重两性状的变异相对较小；单株地上生物量和单株粒数与单株粒重有极显著的正相关关系。通径分析表明单株地上生物量和单株粒数对单株粒重的直接效应较大，千粒重和株高对单株粒重的直接效应相对较小。     

群体规模和性状遗传力对F2设计下QTL定位效果的影响

 以F₂设计为资源群体，以区间定位分析为QTL定位的方法，通过计算机模拟，系统地比较了不同资源群体规模和性状遗传力下QTL检测效率,QTL位置和效应估计的准确性和精确性，以期揭示出两个因素对QTL定位效果影响的一般性规律。结果表明：适当扩大资源群体的规模，不仅有助于提高QTL的检测效率，而且还可提高QTL位置和效应估计的可靠性；当对高遗传力性状的QTL实施定位时，QTL的检测效率以及QTL位置估计的准确性和精确性相对较高，但QTL效应估计的可靠性则会有所降低。     

烟草六个重要性状的QTL定位

以烤烟台烟7号与白肋烟白肋21作为杂交亲本,后代自交衍生的127个F₂和F_2:3家系为材料,构建了全长3 483 cM包括26个连锁群、190个标记位点的烟草遗传连锁图谱。通过一年两地各3次重复的随机区组田间试验,测定烟叶烟碱、总氯、总钾、叶长、茎叶夹角、白粉病6个重要性状,采用混合线性模型的复合区间作图法定位QTL并分析其遗传互作效应。结果检测到2个烟碱相关QTL、2个总氯相关QTL、1个总钾相关QTL、4个叶长相关QTL、茎叶夹角和白粉病相关QTL各1个,其中6个加性效应QTL和4对加加上位性效应QTL。这11个基因位点遗传效应中除加性效应外,上位性效应也具有重要作用。     

Breeding and biotechnological efforts in Jatropha curcas L. for sustainable yields

Jatropha is a non-edible, important bioenergy plant, which can grow in marginalized land. The seeds possess about 36% oil and this would be converted into biodiesel or biojet-fuel. Jatropha provides an option for sustainable feed and fuel production due to its inherent qualities including hardy nature, drought tolerance and surviving with limited amount of water, tolerance to unfavorable conditions and excessive moisture. However, heterozygosity, low productivity and poor understanding of its genome are the major impediments to elite line development. Further, classical breeding and advanced technological investments remain limited owing to long juvenile phase and breeding cycles. Scientific technologies that lead to identification of elite genotypes and development of high yielding elite Jatropha lines and effective methods of detoxification of seeds needs immediate priority. Efficient tissue culture system, doubled haploids (DH) and genomic tools are increasingly made available to improve the seed yield and its oil quantity through the development of geminivirus disease resistant lines. The application of advanced, sequencing technologies has presented a repertoire of genomic information for this important yet orphan crop. In the present investigation, we highlight the achievements made in Jatropha towards development of high yielding, virus resistant elite lines and hybrids with yield potential ranging from 3 to 5 tons per hectare in a year, which is a first ever report in the world. We also developed potential biotechnological tools such as genetic transformation, genome editing and next generation genomics tools including linkage maps and QTLs for accelerating breeding efforts through marker assisted selection. Because of our concerted and continuous efforts during the past 15 years, we have overcome all the obstacles and developed high yielding, disease resistant hybrids/lines, advanced cultivation technologies with thorough knowledge on Agronomy of the Jatropha crop. The Jatropha cultivation technology developed for the first time in the world, could open up new avenues for higher yield productivity of commercial viability.     

98份燕麦品种性状变异的研究

[目的]介绍98份燕麦种质资源评价结果。[方法]从加拿大温尼伯农业研究分站引进的98份燕麦品种,种植在青海省畜牧科学院草原研究所试验田内,通过引种试验,研究了燕麦品种在西宁市的性状。[结果]品种间的性状差异很大,不同品种各性状最大与最小值的范围为：生育期109～138d,千粒重11.0～35.3g,茎粗0.32～0.71cm,株高141～210cm,叶长29～55cm,叶宽1.0～3.1cm,单株粒重4.45～15.03g,单株秸秆重9.60～24.78g。株高、生育期和产量三者之间呈正相关关系。18个相同品种的燕麦,在西宁市的平均生育期较在加拿大温尼伯站长20.1d,株高平均增加75.8cm。[结论]引进的98份燕麦品种均能适应西宁市地区的气候条件,生长发育良好,从中初步筛选出20份性状表现较好的品种作进一步观察筛选。     

"喜杂棉0507"的选育过程及性状表现

[目的]为杂交棉新品种选育以及"喜杂棉0507"在生产上的推广应用提供参考依据。[方法]分析了"喜杂棉0507"育种目标的设计、采取的技术路线和育种方法,并探讨其产量、品质和抗性表现。[结果]"喜杂棉0507"丰产性、稳产性好,抗病性强,纤维品质优,抗逆性强,适应性好,综合表现突出。[结论]该品种可在安徽省棉花产区推广种植。     

白桦强化种子园优良家系选择

以白桦强化种子园内34个半同胞家系5年生子代为研究对象,分析其生长和材质性状,结果表明:树高、胸径、木材密度、纤维宽度、苯醇抽提物质量分数和综纤维素质量分数在家系间差异极显著,家系选择潜力较大,家系遗传力为0.60～0.97,且以综纤维素质量分数的家系遗传力最大(0.97).各性状的遗传变异系数以苯醇抽提物质量分数最大...     

1978-2007年三大棉区陆地棉品种特性比较分析

依据《中国棉花品种志(1978-2007)》及品种审定公告,建立了1978-2007年间长江流域、黄河流域和西北内陆三大棉区审定推广的839份陆地棉品种的生育期、株高、第一果枝节位、铃重、衣分、皮棉产量、纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值等14个主要农艺经济性状的数据库。通过统计分析,结果表明纤维长度、衣分、生育期、马克隆值、铃重在不同棉区不同品种间差异小,稳定性好,枯、黄萎病抗性、叶色和种植密度在各棉区品种间变化差异均很大。西北内陆棉区的枯、黄萎病抗性最好,长江流域棉区的枯、黄萎病抗性最差,种植密度表现为西北内陆棉区>黄河流域棉区>长江流域棉区,比强度表现为西北内陆棉区>长江流域棉区>黄河流域棉区,且相同棉区不同品种间变化差异较大;皮棉产量表现为西北内陆棉区>长江流域棉区>黄河流域棉区。综合以上结果说明西北内陆棉区特别是新疆棉区有利于发展优质棉,长江流域棉区应加强抗病品种的培育。     

Phenotypic variation within a fenugreek (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonella foenum-graecum</Emphasis> L.) germplasm collection. II. Cultivar selection based on traits associated with seed yield

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a minor crop in the Wimmera region of south-eastern Australia. Limited studies have been in the past and these have been on few accessions. This paper describes the use of quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine the main traits associated with seed yield of fenugreek and to identify accessions suitable for commercial production. Phenotypic correlation analysis and simple graphical analysis on a population of fenugreek accessions grown in 1998 and 1999 were used to determine important traits associated with yield. Traits important for yield were early vigour, growth habit, flowering date, end of flowering date, biomass at late flowering and harvest index. Yield per plant and seed weight were also important. Other traits considered important for commercial success included machine harvestability, and bacterial blight resistance. Four accessions (A150118, A150147, A150265, and A150292) were selected as cultivars for commercial release. Although all originating from latitudes >30°, the accession were from different locations and were highly diverse in plant type and phenotypic characteristics. This diversity could be exploited in future breeding programs.     

香菇分子遗传连锁图谱研究进展

综述了香菇(Lentinula edodes)遗传连锁图谱构建的研究现状,对现有的连锁图所涉及的分子标记、作图群体、连锁群数量、图谱大小等进行了讨论,并对遗传连锁图谱意义和发展前景进行了分析与展望.