夏南牛核心群母牛部分生长性状影响因素的分析与研究

利用SAS统计分析软件中的GLM过程分析了不同出生年度、不同出生季节和不同代次对夏南牛体尺性状的影响。结果表明:出生年度和代次对夏南牛各年龄阶段体尺性状的影响显著(P<0.05);出生季节对夏南牛各年龄阶段体尺性状的影响不显著(P>0.05)。     

高油酸花生四川引种试验

为了快速筛选出适应四川生态环境的高油酸花生品种,发掘优质的高油酸资源,进而促进四川高油酸花生产业发展。以16份本地及引进的高油酸花生品种为材料,用调查取样及数据分析法比较以上品种在经济学性状、产量、生长特点、抗性及单株产量等方面的表现。‘中花415’、‘冀花13’、‘豫花37’、‘开农1760’和‘冀花16’在荚果大小、饱果率、出仁率、百仁重、产量、口感等性状上表现优良‘;中花415’、‘豫花37’、‘花育961’、‘冀花13’、‘冀花16’在分枝数、出苗率、长势、抗性等方面综合表现优良;‘开农1760’、‘冀花13’、‘冀花16’、‘豫花37’、‘中花415’在单株总果数、饱果数、饱果率和单株产量上综合表现优异。对‘冀花13’‘、冀花16’‘、豫花37’‘、中花415’表现优良的外引材料将作进一步示范推广,省外引进的品种需要一定时间适应四川本土的环境气候。     

无腺棉和有腺棉品种遗传距离与性状分类

本试验利用国内外无腺棉、有腺棉品种30个,通过在四个地点的研究,估价了无腺棉群体的遗传基础.我们无腺棉群体的遗传基础广泛,出现了遗传差异较为特殊的材料中无151.但无腺棉品种的遗传差异相对小于有腺棉.结果表明,我国棉花品种与美国棉花品种的遗传差异并不大.同时发现,棉花品种间的遗传差异与其地理分布并无完全联系.本文还采用了一种性状分类的新方法,并讨论了这一方法在计算遗传距离等方面的作用.     

Comparisons of quantitative trait locus mapping properties between two methods of recombinant inbred line development

Theoretical comparisons for quantitativetrait loci (QTL) mapping properties wereconducted among simulated recombinantinbred (RI) populations developed bysingle-hill (SH), complete bulk, and singleseed descent (SSD) procedures by MonteCarlo simulations based on variouspopulation sizes, heritabilities, and QTLeffects. Our simulations includedestimation of QTL effects, QTL positions,and statistical testing power in the RIpopulations by comparing the estimates withpreset values. The simulation resultsshowed that the single hill (SH) bulk andsingle seed descent RI populations weregenerally not significantly different withrespect to quality of estimated QTL effectsand positions. Furthermore, when each RIpopulation had 150 lines, each couldprovide desirable properties for QTLmapping. The results implied that a SH RIpopulation consisting of 75 or moreF₂-derived families with two lines perfamily (corresponding population size of150 or above) was appropriate for QTLmapping and was not significantly differentthan a SSD RI population of 150. Thus, theSH method could be used to develop largenumbers of RI lines for achieving betterresults in QTL mapping. Simulations alsoshowed that there was no significantdifference between means using SH methodswith 10 and 100 fruits per family. However, RI populations developed by thecomplete bulk method where F₂identities are lost were not suitable forQTL mapping.     

2017年秋季芥蓝对比试验

以顺宝芥蓝为对照,对8个参试芥蓝品种的产量、主要农艺性状以及抗性进行比较和分析,以期选育出优质、高产及商品性好的杂交种。结果表明：金笋芥蓝在参试品种中单株质量最大,产量排名第1,华芥一号芥蓝产量排名第2。2个品种株型较好、抗性强、产量高,是适宜出口和内销的杰出品种,较适合在广州及附近地区广泛种植。     

不同割苗期对春玉米产量及植株性状的影响

研究春玉米不同割苗时期对产量性状、根系性状、株高、穗位高的调控效应,明确春玉米在鲁中地区最佳割苗时期。以‘莱农14’和‘登海605’为试验材料,分别在玉米4叶龄、5叶龄、6叶龄、7叶龄期进行割苗处理,以不割苗处理作对照。结果表明,2017年2个品种4叶龄期割苗较对照分别增产12.87%和9.31%,2018年分别增产11.31%和10.15%。5叶龄期割苗增产不显著,6叶龄期割苗‘莱农14’极少数长出再生苗,但很快萎糵,最后死亡;‘登海605’在6叶龄期再生苗无法抽出,7叶龄期2个品种再生苗均无法抽出。2个品种4叶龄期割苗还增加了干物质积累量、根系数量,提高了叶面积指数,降低了株高、穗位高,提高了抗倒伏性能。鲁中地区春玉米产量最高、植株性能最佳的割苗时期为4叶龄期。     

皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)数量性状的相关性与通径分析

为研究皱纹盘鲍各数量性状间的相关性及不同性状对体质量、软体部质量的影响,随机选取161只同一批次3-4龄的皱纹盘鲍,测量其壳长（SL）、壳宽（Sw）、壳厚（SH）、壳质量（SW）、足质量（FW）、软体部质量（MW）和体质量（BW）。计算性状间的相关系数,采用通径分析法计算不同性状对体质量、软体部质量的通径系数和决定系数,定量分析这些性状分别对体质量、软体部质量的影响效应。结果表明：所测各性状与体质量和软体部质量之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平（P＆lt;0.01）;在6个数量性状（壳长、壳宽、壳厚、壳质量、软体部质量、足质量）中软体部质量是影响体质量的主要因素;在体尺性状（壳长、壳宽、壳厚）中壳长对体质量影响最大;在体尺性状和体质量对软体部质量的影响中,体质量起主要作用。去除通径系数检验不显著的性状,利用逐步回归的方法,建立了6个数量性状对体质量的回归方程：BWq=-10.343＋0.255SL＋0.696SW＋0.951MW;体尺性状对体质量的回归方程：BWb=-69.930＋1.427SL＋0.728SH;体尺性状和体质量对软体部质量的回归方程：MB=4.430＋0.798BW-0.174Sw。研究结果为皱纹盘鲍的种质资源保护和选育工作提供一定的理论依据。     

辽宁省水稻品种外观品质性状分析

以近年来辽宁省审定的77个水稻品种为试材,对辽宁省水稻品种外观品质性状进行了分析。结果显示,辽宁省水稻品种间外观品质性状差异较大,垩白粒率、垩白度变异幅度最大。垩白、粒形、透明是影响稻米外观品质的主要因子。性状间只有粒长与籽粒长宽比、垩白粒率与垩白度、粒长与透明度相关达到极显著或显著水平。中等粒长品种垩白性状和透明程式度较好,为品种外观品质改良和田间选择提供了依据。同时,探讨了在水稻品质改良中种质资源利用问题。     

烤烟杂种优势及其相关性分析

研究了7个烤烟杂交组合F1代的农艺性状、经济性状及TMV抗性的杂种优势,分析了各性状与亲本间的相关性.结果表明,烤烟杂种优势以单位面积产量最为突出,7个组合的单位面积产量均超过中亲值,优势幅度在6.6%～50.40%之间,有6个组合超过了大值亲本,优势幅度在8.34%～43.78%之间.各性状都有表现超中亲或超高亲的组合,不同性状表现杂优组合比例不同,TMV抗性的高亲优势最强,占71.42%.亲本对杂种一代各性状有不同程度的影响,F1各组合的有效叶数、茎围、单位面积产量、产值几个性状与大值亲本、小值亲本、中亲值、双亲之差无显著相关;自然株高与亲本相关性较大,上等烟比例、TMV抗性优势大小与双亲之差为负相关.     

Genetic relationships among Chickpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer arietinum</Emphasis> L<Emphasis Type="Italic">.</Emphasis>) genotypes based on the SSRs at the quantitative trait Loci for resistance to Ascochyta Blight

Breeding for resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea has been challenged by several factors including the limited sources of good resistance. Characterization of a set of genotypes that may contain different genes for resistance may help breeders to develop better and more durable resistance compared to current cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic relationships of 37 chickpea germplasm accessions differing in reaction to ascochyta blight using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers linked to Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for resistance. The results demonstrated that ILC72 and ILC3279, landraces from the former Soviet Union, had SSR alleles that were common among the kabuli breeding lines and cultivars. A lower SSR allele diversity was found on LG4 than on other regions. No correlation was found between the dendrogram derived using SSRs at the QTL regions and the SSRs derived from other parts of the genome. The clustering based on 127 alleles of 17 SSRs associated with the QTL for ascochyta blight resistance enabled us to differentiate three major groups within the current germplasm accessions. The first group was the desi germplasm originating from India and cultivars derived from it. The second group was a mix of desi genotypes originating from India and Greece, and kabuli breeding lines from ICARDA and the University of Saskatchewan. The third and largest group consisted of landraces originating mostly from the former Soviet Union and breeding lines/cultivars of the kabuli type. Several moderately resistance genotypes that are distantly related were identified. Disease evaluation on three test populations suggested that it is possible to enhance the level of resistance by crossing moderately resistant parents with distinct genetic backgrounds at the QTL for resistance to ascochyta blight.