高原牦牛“三结合顺势养殖法”育肥试验报告

为解决牦牛出栏时间长、产业效益差等主要问题,本研究筛选了121头牦牛(3.0~3.5岁)在若尔盖县开展“放牧+圈养+补饲”三结合顺势养殖法育肥试验,育肥期180 d。结果表明,育肥牦牛全期平均日增重0.726kg,在气温良好、草原牧草丰盛的夏秋季,平均日增重可达0.909kg,即使在气温低下、草原牧草枯竭的冬季,平均日增重也能达到0.329kg,育肥效果良好。11头屠宰牦牛的平均胴体重达118.9kg,屠宰率为50.5%,净肉率为40.4%,眼肌面积为62.5cm2,屠宰性能明显优于传统放牧牦牛。     

用RAPD标记检测与杨树生长和物候期有关的QTLs

取美洲黑杨（母本）和青杨（父本）杂交获得的Ｆ２群体样本８０株,应用ＲＡＰＤ标记检测与Ｆ２群体３个数量性状（苗高、地径和封顶期）有关的ＱＴＬｓ。在Ｆ２群体中,一年生苗高、地径和封顶期性状表现显著分离,基本符合正态分布。单因子方差分析检测出与苗高、地径和封顶期性状相关的７个、６个和３个标记座位,并计算了各标记对相关性状变异的贡献率。与数量性状相关的标记有不同的亲本来源。ｔ检验结果表明,各标记显带型和不显带型组性状均值的差异显著或极显著（两个标记除外）;与各性状相关标记的显带型或不显带型的频率,在各性状上的分布有异同。双因子方差分析结果表明,在与性状相关联的标记中,有两组ＱＴＬｓ互作组合与苗高性状相关联。     

大豆不同来源短叶柄性状的遗传和有关农艺性状表现

从吉林引入的短叶柄材料公交７６２２—４—１—４ 在南京与２ 个长叶柄亲本南农９４—５２４、洪引１ 号杂交,表现一对基因分离结果,其与南京发现的短叶柄材料ＮＪ９０Ｌ—１ＳＰ杂交,Ｆ１ 和Ｆ２ 均表现为短叶柄,表明二者有相同的遗传基础,因ＮＪ９０Ｌ—１ＳＰ受两对隐性基因控制,故推论公交７６２２—４—１—４ 可能亦受两对隐性重叠基因控制。从南农８６—４×Ｄ７６—１６０９ 组合ＢＣ２Ｆ２ 群体初步结果表明,Ｄ７６—１６０９ 短叶柄性状与豆荚伏茸毛间存在连锁现象,重组率ｒ＝ ３．０１±１．２１％ 。源于ＮＪ９０Ｌ—１ＳＰ和公交７６２２—４—１—４ 的短叶柄叶枕不正常,农艺性状较差,尚难直接利用;源于Ｄ７６—１６０９ 的短叶柄与长叶柄后代相比表现晚熟、较易倒伏,但有可能获得高产、抗倒重组类型。     

大赖草染色体对小麦农艺性状和抗病、耐热性的效应研究

【研究目的】明确大赖草染色体对小麦农艺性状、抗病性和耐热性的效应,为进一步利用大赖草优异基因提供理论依据。【方法】通过黄矮病、白粉病、条锈病人工接种或自然发病鉴定抗病性,以分期播种模拟高温胁迫环境,通过千粒重变化评价耐热性,收获后调查农艺性状、再生性,对小麦-大赖草二体附加系、代换系和亲本‘中国春’进行农艺性状效应鉴定。【结果】结果表明,10个异染色体系苗期对白粉病菌株E09均表现高感,温室成株期白粉病抗性好于对照普通小麦‘中国春’;对条锈病抗性表现均优于‘中国春’。大赖草H染色体有增加穗长、小穗数、提早抽穗期、增加黄矮病抗性的正向效应。大赖草H、A染色体具有增加耐热性的正向效应;大赖草J染色体对粒长、粒宽和粒厚均有正向效应。大赖草A、L染色体含有控制芒的基因,大赖草F具有再生性和复小穗基因,【结论】10份异染色体系中未发现含高抗小麦白粉病基因的大赖草染色体,大赖草附加系DALr#A、DALr#F、DALr#H、DALr#J可用于小麦农艺性状、抗黄矮病、条锈病和耐热性的改良。     

"川麦号"系列小麦农艺性状和品质性状相关分析

［目的］描述四川小麦育种的概况和今后四川小麦育种走向,并为小麦育种和栽培提供一定的帮助。［方法］选定1999~2008年由四川省农业科学院作物研究所选育的19个优质小麦品种进行相关的产量和品质分析。［结果］“川麦号”系列小麦产量多半介于5.0~5.5t/hm2,其有效穗和千粒重变异系数是10.11%和7.91%,在保持原有产量结构的基础上,增加穗数和千粒重是今后提高四川小麦产量的有效途径。从品质分析看,“川麦号”系列小麦中,2个品种达到二等强筋小麦标准,大多数品种筋力属中到弱筋标准,单个指标表现突出,但整体品质偏低;其湿面筋、沉降值以及稳定时间变异丰富,提高潜力很大。［结论］证明了四川地区培育高产优质小麦的可行性。     

不同播期与密度对‘辽红小豆8号’产量及主要性状的影响

为了研究不同播期和密度对红小豆品种‘辽红小豆8号’产量和主要性状的影响,进行播期和密度二因素试验。结果表明：播期和密度对‘辽红小豆8号’的产量和主要性状有较大影响。‘辽红小豆8号’在辽阳地区的适宜播期为6月20日—30日,适宜密度19.5万株/hm2~21万株/hm2。     

大麦耐盐性与其主要性状典型相关分析

选用102份大麦品种,采取双重对照法,考查了处理和对照的株高、主穗长、穗下节间长、单株穗数、主穗排数、单株粒重、单株粒数、成活率、超氧化物歧化酶含量和丙二醛含量等10个性状。以各单项指标的耐盐指数作为衡量其单项耐盐能力大小的指标,应用典型相关分析,对大麦在一定盐分浓度胁迫下其主要性状表现进行了研究。不同因子指标集团的典型相关分析表明:成活率、株高和单株粒重这3个指标可作为耐盐性评价的一级指标。超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、穗下节间长、主穗长、主穗排数和单株粒数可作为耐盐性评价的二级指标。单株穗数在3个因素组都没有较大的负荷量,可不考虑作为耐盐性评价的指标。     

多效唑在婺源皇菊防倒伏上的应用

[目的]初步探索多效唑在婺源皇菊防倒伏栽培上的应用。[方法]在婺源皇菊幼苗移栽30 d后,分别用150、250、350 mg/L的多效唑溶液喷洒植株,观察其对婺源皇菊株高及部分产量性状的影响。[结果]用250 mg/L的多效唑溶液喷施植株后,防倒伏的效果最好,对产量性状的影响较小。[结论]250 mg/L是有效控制婺源皇菊株高的最佳处理浓度。     

Mapping QTL controlling soybean seed sucrose and oligosaccharides in a single family of soybean nested association mapping (SoyNAM) population

The meal value of Soybean for monogastric animals is determined partly by sucrose, raffinose and stachyose. Of these, sucrose is desirable, while raffinose and stachyose are indigestible, causing flatulence and abdominal discomfort. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in a set of 140 SoyNAM (Nested Association Mapping) recombinant inbred lines (RILs), developed from the cross between lines IA3023 and LD02‐4485. A total of 3,038 SNP markers from the Illumina SoyNAM BeadChip SNP were used to map the QTLs for sucrose and the RFOs, raffinose, and stachyose. Significant genotypic differences (p < .001) among RILs were observed for sucrose, raffinose and stachyose contents across years. A 3038 Illumina SoyNAM BeadChip SNPs identified three QTLs for sucrose, one on chromosome 1, explaining 10% variance and two on chromosome 3 each explaining 22%. Raffinose QTL was detected on chromosome 6, explaining 6% variance. The mapped QTLs were novel and spanned regions harbouring candidate genes with roles in plant growth including seed development.     

Management intensity affects traits of soil microarthropod community in montane spruce forest

This study examined the influence of forest management intensity (3 unmanaged, 3 mild managed, 5 intensively managed stands) on soil microarthropods in montane spruce forest. We particularly focused on Oribatida and Collembola which play important roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Our results showed a significant shift from fungivory and carnivory to detritivory in the Oribatida community accompanying management intensification. Similarly, parthenogenetic oribatid mite species contributed more to the community in intensively managed forests and the presence of Collembola species with developed furca increased with management intensification. Although there was no remarkable influence of management intensity on total densities or diversity indices, important and significant shifts in species composition and functional groups showed that soil functions and processes were affected by forest management. Trait assessment indicates a shift in roles Oribatida play in decomposition; fragmentation and comminuting of undecomposed litter seems to gain importance in the intensively managed forest, whereas fungivorous species affect primary decomposers through feeding on fungi in the unmanaged forest.