细胞分裂素对红掌愈伤组织不定芽分化与增殖的影响

[目的]研究细胞分裂素对红掌组培苗繁殖速度及质量的影响。[方法]以继代培养第6代的愈伤组织为试验材料,探讨了ZT、TDZ、6-BA 3种细胞分裂素及其浓度对不定芽分化及变异的影响。[结果]在使用浓度2.0~8.0 mg/L的范围内,随着细胞分裂素浓度的增加,正常不定芽的分化数及叶片数呈下降趋势,而异常不定芽分化逐渐增多,且随着培养时间的延长,这种影响变得更加明显;3种细胞分裂素的培养效果具有显著差异,ZT和6-BA添加浓度分别在2.0和4.0 mg/L以下时,其正常不定芽分化较多,不良变异率较少,而TDZ在0.5 mg/L时已显著抑制了正常不定芽的分化,同时易产生异常不定芽。[结论]3种细胞分裂素作用的强弱依次为TDZZT6-BA;在红掌愈伤组织继代培养诱导不定芽过程中,应避免使用高浓度细胞分裂素。     

Biological Features of Flowering and Development of Male Gametophyte in Anthurium andreanum

The aim of this study is to follow each development stage of inflorescence in order to understand the biological feature of flowering and the development of male gametophyte in Anthurium andreanum “Arizona" and to try to find the optimum conditions for its pollination. The methods of dissection and paraffin section were adopted to examine the structural characteristics of anthurium’s tiny floret and the development of the microspore. All the florets of the anthurium arrange on the rhachis helically sub- tended by a colorful bract. Each tiny floret has one gynoecium, four tepals and four stamina. The bract and the florets show different colors during the whole blooming period. The ovary is bicarpellary and has two locules, each of which has one anatropous ovule. The placenta is of a central placentation type. The stylar canal cells not only can produce the secretory mucilage but also can release their own cytoplasm caused by their self-disintegration before the pistil reaches its maturity. The wall of the anther is composed of four layers: epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The tapetal cells and the middle layers’ cells degenerated completely dur- ing meiosis of microsporocytes. The pollen grains were 2-celled at the time of anther dehiscence. Early morning, when the inflores- cences stay at their fifth development stage, is the optimum opportunity for pistil to get pollen grains. The pollen-collection should be done at the end of the seventh stage.     

红掌不同品种产生愈伤组织的差异

对10个红掌品种2种外植体、4种愈伤组织诱导培养基的组培试验结果:H3、H4、H10、H6、H1等5个品种愈伤组织的平均直径(叶片外植体依次为5.0～3.8mm,叶柄外植体依次为6.6～4.9mm)明显大于H5、H2、H9、H8、H7等5个品种(叶片外植体均为1.0mm,叶柄外植体依次为1.2～2.0mm);叶柄外植体愈伤组织平均直径明显大于叶片外植体;参试培养基B、D产生愈伤组织的直径大于培养基A、C;愈伤组织大的5个品种经增殖、继代培养成完整植株,而愈伤组织小的5个品种愈伤组织在增殖培养中逐渐褐变,全部死亡。     

红掌愈伤组织增殖分化条件的优化

以红掌愈伤组织为材料,研究影响红掌愈伤组织增殖和分化以及芽增殖的因素。结果表明:以MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+KT 0.3 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂8 g/L为红掌愈伤组织增殖和分化的最佳培养基,培养到8周绝对生长速度达到910.31%、分化率达到100%,到150 d时分化指数达到24.17;在芽增殖培养试验中,以1/2 MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂8 g/L为适宜培养基。在培养方式上,液体培养优于固体培养。     

北方红掌组培苗练苗技术研究

以L7(黄花)、L8(红花)红掌组培苗为材料,研究不同品种、遮荫方式、种植密度、栽培基质对北方地区红掌组培苗移栽成活率的影响。结果表明:红色品种遮3层遮阳网,选用株距4 cm×4 cm,沙子和草碳配比为1:1的基质,其练苗成活率最高可达86%。练苗的关键时期10 d左右。     

不同营养液配方对花鱼共养效应的研究

以红掌和春芋2种室内观赏植物以及锦鲤为材料,进行了不同营养液配方对花鱼共养效应的研究,观测供试植株和鱼的生长变化及营养液EC值变化动态。结果表明:1/2倍日本园试营养液浓度最适合红掌生长;霍格兰全营养液配方更有利于春芋的生长,而鱼在低浓度的营养液中更易存活,其生活力随营养液浓度降低而提高。     

海南地区切花红掌‘Tropical’试管苗的移栽育苗技术

阐述在海南岛特有的气候环境条件下,由红掌‘Tropical’试管苗移栽育苗的技术,包括试管苗的移栽育苗质量要求、育苗需要的基本设施条件、育苗的环境条件、移栽育苗的步骤以及育苗管理措施等内容,为海南地区红掌‘Tropical’的育苗提供较全面的指导。     

红掌细菌性疫病病原菌的PCR特异性检测

 红掌细菌性疫病(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae,简称Xad)是红掌等天南星科花卉毁灭性病害,该病通过带菌种苗调运不断在我国扩散蔓延,国内尚未有检测方法。通过筛选和重新设计引物,建立了Xad 的PCR 检测方法,结果表明,利用引物Xad-F / Xad-R 进行PCR,能扩增出检测Xad 的特异性DNA 片断,其灵敏度可达1 × 102 CFU / mL,DNA 的最低检出限为0. 44 ng / μL,可用于红掌苗的带菌检测和红掌细菌病害的鉴定。     

危害红掌的穿孔线虫形态和分子鉴定

对一批引进后隔离培养中患病的红掌种苗,进行了根系线虫检测,通过病症分析、线虫形态测量、rDNA-ITS区序列分析等鉴定,结果表明:检测的线虫形态和香蕉穿孔线虫基本一致,rDNA-ITS区测序结果序列一致性为98％～100％.本报道再次证明香蕉穿孔线虫在红掌上的分布和危害,应该对种苗的跨区引进和种植过程进行严格的检疫.     

花烛病虫害

介绍花烛３种真菌病、３种细菌病、１种线虫病、１种生理病和５种虫害的为害、症状及防治方法。