武汉地区马尼拉草坪的建植与养护管理

通过适当的建植与养护管理 ,马尼拉结缕草在武汉地区可建成高质量的草坪。     

两种观赏草的自然失水胁迫初步研究

选用斑叶芒(Miscanthus sinensis‘Zebrinus’) 、灯心草( Juncus effusus) 两种观赏草进行为期15 d的自然失水胁迫处理。结果表明, 干旱胁迫初期, 两种观赏草的枯叶率、游离脯氨酸含量和电解质外渗率增加不显著, 但自第10天至第15天, 两种观赏草的枯叶率、游离脯氨酸含量和电解质外渗率剧增。相关分析表明, 干旱胁迫条件下两种观赏草的枯叶率与生理指标均呈极显著正相关。综合评价两种观赏草的耐旱性为: 灯心草>斑叶芒。     

草原生态建设与草地灌溉耦合效应研究

草地退化、沙化是我国牧区脆弱生态系统失衡急需整治的重大环境问题。在分析草地生态环境现状的基础上,从提高草地综合生产力和恢复保护草地植被改善生态环境二个方面,阐述了牧区发展灌溉草业的必要性和可行性;提出各类草地灌溉草业发展模式;对如何确定灌溉发展规模和灌溉草业与生态恢复的耦合效应作了探讨,提出相应的定量计算方法。     

植物生长调节剂调控草坪草生长的研究进展

综述了国内外植物生长调节剂对草坪草的生长抑制和促进的应用状况,重点讨论了不同种类、不同浓度的植物生长延缓剂对不同草坪的应用效果及应用中存在的问题,并探讨了植物生长调节剂在草坪管理中的应用前景。     

繁殖方法、地表类型、坡向对宽叶雀稗的影响

本文对宽叶雀稗与不同繁殖方法、地表类型、坡向的生长关系进行研究,结果表明:不同繁殖方法、地表类型、坡向因素对宽叶雀稗叶长、叶宽、盖度和鲜草重均有不同程度的影响。A1B2C2组合(即穴播、水平梯面、半阳坡)对宽叶雀稗的生长最为有利,其盖度为90.2%(比平均值58.1%多30.1个百分点)、鲜草重达8.61 t/hm2(比平均值5.22t/hm2大64.9%)。宽叶雀稗不宜采用撒播草籽繁殖,其盖度和鲜草重均极低。     

盐胁迫对四种冷季型草坪草萌发的影响

选择目前广泛应用的冷季型草坪草为试材,从发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚根长度、活力指数5个方面,分析比较了不同盐溶液处理对4种草坪草萌发的影响。结果表明:当盐浓度达到1.2%时,高羊茅种子发芽率仍为80%以上,匍匐翦股颖发芽率为60%,在发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等方面也表现出这2种草坪草种子萌发期耐盐性要高于紫羊茅和细弱翦股颖。     

Equine grass sickness

Equine grass sickness (EGS; equine dysautonomia) is a polyneuronopathy affecting both the central and the peripheral nervous systems of horses. As the name implies, EGS almost exclusively affects grazing horses, resulting in the development of a characteristic array of clinical signs, most of which can be attributed to neuronal degeneration in the autonomic and enteric nervous systems. Varying disease severities occur, largely determined by the extent of neuronal degeneration in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the enteric nervous system. Extensive neuronal degeneration, as seen in acute and subacute forms of EGS, results in intestinal dysmotility, the severity of which is incompatible with survival. In comparison, a proportion of chronic forms of EGS, characterised by less severe neuronal degeneration, will survive. Despite extensive research efforts since EGS was first reported over 100 years ago, the precise aetiology remains elusive. This article reviews much of the scientific literature on EGS, covering epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and aetiological hypotheses.     

南方9种野生禾草种子发芽条件筛选与标准化

试验以国内收集的荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)、短柄草(Brachypodium sylvaticum)、细柄草(Capillipedium parviflorum)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、知风草(Eragrostis ferruginea)、千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)、棒头草(Polypogon fugax)、鼠尾粟(Sporobolus indicus var.purpurea-suffusus)、三毛草(Trisetum bifidum)野生禾本科牧草种子为研究对象,通过对不同培养温度、光照、预处理和计数时间等条件的比较筛选,确定供试种子的适宜发芽条件和种子预处理条件,以期为种子发芽测定的标准化提供参考和依据。根据发芽试验结果,筛选出了荩草、牛筋草、知风草、千金子、棒头草、鼠尾粟植物种子的最适发芽条件;基于发芽进程,确定了初次和末次计数时间;为荩草等种子推荐了解除休眠的预处理方法。另外,细柄草、三毛草种子发芽期间新鲜未发芽种子数较多,需要进一步研究破除其休眠的适宜方法。     

广西草业存在问题与发展对策

对广西牧草加工利用现状进行分析，阐述广西草业发展面临的突出矛盾和问题，提出解决问题的关键措施，探讨了广西草业未来发展出路。     

Field Evaluation of Cocksfoot,Tall Fescue and Phalaris for Dry Marginal Environments of South‐Eastern Australia. 2. Persistence

Perennial grasses provide forage and environmental benefits in the agricultural systems of southern Australia, but persistent cultivars are lacking for the lower rainfall inland margins (<600 mm average annual rainfall). Potential new cultivars of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = syn. Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) have been developed in response to this need. These and older cultivars were evaluated for persistence at five sites in south‐eastern Australia from 2009 to 2013. A wide range in rainfall was experienced, but survival was principally reduced by a severe spring–summer–autumn drought in the final year in which all species began to decline in persistence once the spring 2012 to autumn 2013 cumulative climatic moisture deficit became higher than about 700 mm and declined very severely at deficits over 1000 mm. The highly summer‐dormant cocksfoot ssp. hispanica control cultivar Kasbah showed outstanding survival of this event in the cropping zone of southern New South Wales, but not at the drier of two sites with acidic soils in central Victorian where all cocksfoot cultivars showed similar survival. Potential new summer‐active tall fescue cultivars survived well at the higher rainfall Victorian site and under high rainfall in northern NSW. All tall fescue cultivars experienced high mortality during a period of high moisture stress in the spring of the establishment year in southern NSW, but the Mediterranean cultivar Grasslands Flecha MaxP gradually recovered. Differences among phalaris cultivars were not large with new cultivars of North African origin being marginally more persistent at the drier site in southern NSW. Comparisons with results from the Mediterranean Basin are discussed. Although there was no clear evidence of differences in persistence between the new and old cultivars, some of the new cultivars were considered to show potential for commercial release.