融入区域特色食品资源的“食品工艺学”课程教学改革研究

HUANG Huifu(College of Biological Resources and Food Enginggring,Qujing Normal University,Qujing,Yunnan 655011,China)     

网购食用菌食品质量安全供应链控制措施

近年来,我国食用菌产业发展迅速,由于食用菌的低盐、低脂、低糖、高蛋白等特性,成为新的健康食品。随着电子商务的发展,网购食品成为人们网络购物的重要内容之一,网购食用菌是促进食用菌产业发展的重要途径,人们逐渐更加关注网购食用菌食品质量安全问题。从供应链的角度,采用改进风险矩阵法,探索网购食用菌食品质量安全的关键控制点,探讨保证网购食用菌食品质量安全的控制措施。     

Physico‐chemical characterization and in vitro digestibility of commercial feeds used in weaning of marine fish

Six different commercial feeds used in weaning and postweaning of marine fish were analysed from the perspective of some of their main physico‐chemical features and in vitro digestibility. While the range of particle sizes in dry state closely agreed to those claimed by the producing companies, dramatic changes were observed after suspension in water. Sedimentation rates measured in some of the feeds with higher particle sizes may be too high to ensure intake by young fish. The label claims of the products overestimate the amount of total protein but underestimate that of lipids. The analysis of amino acid profiles evidenced important differences in total amino acid composition between feeds of the same company but a great similitude in the profile of free amino acids (FAA). The evaluation of leaching evidenced that the fraction of FAA, which represented <2% of dry matter of the feeds, is quickly released in water, acting mainly as attractants. The in vitro digestibility assay evidenced significant differences in the bioaccessibility of the nitrogen fraction in some of the feeds by the digestive proteases of the sea bream (Sparus aurata).     

引入6S管理体系提高个体食品生产者职业素质

介绍了6S管理的内涵、实施方案,以及引入6S管理的必要性与可行性。针对当地个体食品生产者生产馒头的现状,引入6S管理体系,取得了良好的效果。     

食品包装袋封口热封合密封性测试实验研究与实现

针对食品包装袋封口的热封合密封性要求,分析影响包装袋封口密封性的外部实验因素,建立包装袋封口热封合密封性能评价指标,提出基于热封合电压、热封合时间外部实验条件测试包装袋封口热封合密封性能的试验方法,该方法能够直接检验包装袋热封合封口的密封性能.试验结果表明,热封合电压、热封合时间与包装袋热封合封口的密封性能具有相关性.     

浅谈设计素质对食品工程专业人才的重要性及培养途径

讨论了设计素质对于食品工程专业人才的重要性及目前培养模式中存在的问题,并通过课程设置、师资建设、课堂教学方法、引导设计理念及实践教学等方面,探索了有效提高食品专业人才的设计素养。     

纸浆模塑餐盒防油防水性能研究

对纸浆模塑快餐盒防油防水剂的选择及作用机理进行了阐述,并就防油防水剂的使用对产品质量的影响进行了研究分析,揭示了它们之间的相互关系。文章推荐了优化的工艺条件,ＡＫＤ用量０．２５％～０．４％,Ｆ３２１,１．５％～２５％,助留剂０．０１５％～０．０２％。     

Limnological changes in a sub‐tropical shallow hypertrophic lake during its restoration: two years of a whole‐lake experiment

1. Lake Rodó is a turbid system, a condition attributed to algal biomass. The proximal source of the eutrophication was stormwater discharges from an ill‐defined urban area. This paper describes an attempt to restore the water quality of Lake Rodó, the first time this has been done in Uruguay. In spring 1996 it was drained, sediments were removed and stream inputs were diverted. Groundwater was used to re‐fill the lake. Due to its high nutrient concentration a re‐circulation system was designed, pumping water from associated pools covered with free‐floating plants. 2. After the lake was refilled, the system was characterized by oxygen saturation or over‐saturation, neutral to basic pH, and high phosphorus, nitrogen and silicate concentrations. Ratios of total nitrogen (TN):total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl a):TP indicated that phosphorus was the primary limiting nutrient during the period of groundwater supply. Once groundwater pumping had ceased, there was a decrease in TN:TP and Chl a:TP ratios, suggesting N‐limiting conditions prevailed in some periods. 3. Before restoration, the phytoplankton community was dominated year‐round by Planktothrix agardhii; since restoration the community has been more diverse. This change has favoured grazing by mesozooplankton, and the onset of clear‐water phases in spring. 4. Abundant populations of small omnivorous fish maintained a high predation pressure on zooplankton, restricting the abundance of large‐bodied herbivores, which, in turn, allowed an increase in phytoplanton biomass and a decrease in water transparency. Based on this observation, together with the phosphorus concentration and the low abundance of filamentous cyanobacteria compared with previous studies, we suggest that top‐down control has played a key role in increasing transparency in Lake Rodó. 5. A nutrient reduction programme, by the mechanical harvest of floating plants, and a removal of small omnivorous fishes and stocking strictly with piscivores, could be key factors in the achievement of a stable clear‐water phase. However, if blooms of Microcystis or other similar genera occur in summer, additional measures (e.g. reduction of the hydraulic residence time) will be needed to improve water transparency. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

固着生活动物概述

固着生活动物是动物界存在的一些特殊种类,它们具备动物的特征,却缺乏主动位移的能力,具有一套与固着生活相适应的结构特征,固着生活的方式也导致了这些动物取食、防御方式的特殊性。对一些常见的固着生活动物进行了概述。     

荔枝真空冷冻干燥关键技术

为了确定荔枝真空冷冻干燥工艺关键技术参数,以成熟的‘乌叶’荔枝为材料,采用电阻法测量荔枝果肉的共晶点和共熔点温度,通过考察冻干品色泽比较不同护色剂的护色效果,以冻干生产能耗、总冻干时间及冻干品外观形态与色泽等指标进行综合评定冻干效果,优选荔枝真空冷冻干燥工艺关键技术参数。结果表明：荔枝真空冷冻干燥物料的共晶点温度、共熔点温度分为-26℃和-17℃,采用“0.6%柠檬酸”单一护色剂或“0.4%柠檬酸+0.2%维生素C”复合护色剂浸泡20 min,对荔枝冻干品有良好护色效果。冻干过程起始板温控制在80℃以下,升华阶段物料最高温度设定为55℃,升降温期干燥仓真空值组合选择60~70 Pa/60~70 Pa,可节省冻干生产能耗、缩短总冻干时间,同时能改善冻干品的外观形态与色泽。