Tsetse control in cattle from pyrethroid footbaths

In Burkina Faso, we assessed the efficacy of treating cattle with a footbath containing aqueous formulations of pyrethroids to control two tsetse-fly species, Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850 (Diptera, Glossinidae) and Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank 1949. Legs were the most targeted parts of the body for tsetse-fly blood meals: 81% (95% CI: 73, 89) for G. tachinoides and 88% (81, 95) for G. palpalis.

The in-stable efficacy of footbath treatments was compared with manual full spraying with a 0.005% alphacypermethrin (Dominex, FMC, Philadelphia, USA) formulation (250 mL versus 2 L). The proportions of knocked-down flies were the same with footbath and full spray but the latter was more protective against fly bites. In field use, the efficacy of both methods should be similar given the recommended treatment frequency: 3 days for footbath versus 7 days for full spray.

Among 96 cattle drinking at the same water point in Dafinso (Burkina Faso), 68 (71%) were treated with a footbath containing a 0.005% deltamethrin formulation (Vectocid, CEVA SA, Libourne, France). We observed the effect of this live-bait technique on the one hand on released cohorts of reared, irradiated flies, and on the other hand on wild tsetse flies. In both cases, the footbath treatment was associated with a reduction of the apparent fly density probably related to an increased mortality.     

Quantification of stress sensitive markers in single fecal samples do not accurately predict excretion of these in the pig

All feces produced during 24 h were collected from five pigs and cortisol and immunoreactive cortisol metabolites (CICM), and IgA were quantified. Within pigs, the concentrations of CICM and IgA varied extensively between random samples obtained from a single fecal dropping, and deviated in most cases significantly from the true concentration measured in total fecal output (CV 6.7-130%). The CICM and IgA contents varied considerably (CV 8.1-114%) within and between individual fecal droppings from the same pig compared to the total fecal excretion. In conclusion, single random samples could not be used to reliably quantify the total fecal concentration or excretion of CICM or IgA in pigs. Analyses of all feces collected during shorter periods than 24 h did not provide an accurate estimate of the daily excretion of CICM. Thus, the concentration of stress sensitive molecules in random single fecal samples as an indicator of animal welfare should be interpreted with prudence.     

Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy in dogs with thyroid carcinoma

Currently, a histological diagnosis of highly vascularized canine (c) thyroid carcinoma (TC) is primarily obtained following excisional biopsy (EB) through thyroidectomy. Non-EBs are contraindicated in unresectable invasive cTCs due to their highly vascularized nature, which subsequently, lack histological diagnosis. We hypothesised ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (UGCNB) to be a safe biopsy technique to obtain an accurate histological diagnosis in unresectable TCs. Nine client-owned dogs with suspected naturally occurring TC, presented for surgical excision, were included. First, a UGCNB was taken from the cervical tumour, followed by EB. Haemorrhage following UGCNB was evaluated preoperatively and once the tumour was surgically exposed by visual inspection and ultrasonography. Histological analysis, including cell organisation, tumour capsular and vascular invasion, and immunohistochemistry were performed and compared between both biopsy specimens (i.e., UGCNB and EB) of the same dog. Pre- and peroperative visual inspection revealed minor, localised haemorrhage, subsequent to the UGCNB, in 7/9 dogs. Histology of the EBs confirmed TC in 8/9 dogs and was inconclusive in 1/9 dogs. Histology of the UGCNBs revealed neoplastic thyroid tissue in 7/9 UGCNBs and was inconclusive in 1/9 UGCNBs. The remaining UGCNB contained no mass related tissue and was, therefore, excluded. Histological parameters (i.e., cell organisation, tumour capsular and vascular invasion) were not concordant between 6/8 included UGCNBs and their respective EB. Immunolabelling for thyroglobulin and calcitonin was concordant between all eight included UGCNBs and their respective EB. The remaining evaluated immunohistochemical markers (i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], P-glycoprotein and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) were concordant between the included UGCNBs and the EBs in 6/8 dogs. To conclude, UGCNBs can be safely obtained in suspected cTCs and enable a reliable diagnosis of the thyroid origin, thyroid cell origin and potential therapeutic markers such as COX-2, P-glycoprotein and VEGF. Subsequently, UGCNB enables clinicians to establish an individually tailored treatment plan in dogs with unresectable TC.     

四川阿坝州草原畜牧业现状、存在问题及发展对策

介绍了阿坝州草原资源和畜牧业发展现状,论述了草原生态保护与畜牧业的关系,剖析了草原生态与畜牧业发展中存在的问题,并针对存在的问题提出了实现草原生态保护和畜牧业平衡发展的对策。     

急性氨氮胁迫和恢复后中华条颈龟主要器官组织结构的变化

氨氮是水产养殖过程中最主要的环境污染物之一。为探究急性氨氮胁迫对中华条颈龟主要器官组织结构的影响,以体质量(218.26±12.65) g的1龄中华条颈龟为对象,应用苏木精—伊红染色的方法研究氨氮(200 mg/L)胁迫(24、48 h)及去除氨氮(48 h)对其脑、肝脏、心脏、肾脏和脾脏组织结构的影响。试验结果显示,氨氮胁迫后脑组织出现间质增宽、疏松,神经元细胞核发生偏位,神经元变性、坏死等现象,恢复48 h后神经元肿胀与细胞核偏位现象减少;肝脏出现肝细胞肿胀、颗粒变性、水泡变性、坏死等病理现象,肝血窦缩小甚至消失,恢复48 h后肝细胞肿胀减少,肝血窦基本恢复到胁迫前水平,但肝细胞颗粒变性、水泡变性现象依旧存在;心脏间质血管充血,恢复48 h后心肌细胞间隙缩小趋于胁迫前水平,充血现象消失;肾脏肾小管上皮细胞发生颗粒变性,部分细胞从基膜脱落,细胞膜破裂,肾小球体积增大、毛细血管网扩张,细胞核固缩甚至溶解消失,间质中有炎性细胞浸润,恢复48 h后炎性细胞基本消失,但肾小管管腔不规则和颗粒变性等病理现象依旧存在;脾脏白髓区域增大,恢复48 h后白髓与红髓趋于正常水平。试验结果表明,急性氨氮...     

我国畜牧兽医科技文献数字化出版现状及其重要性

利用新兴网络技术促进我国畜牧兽医科技文献数字化出版工作的发展是一项极其重要的四化建设项目,它是我国农业信息化进程中的重要环节,直接关系到我国农业现代化的进程。笔者就当前我国畜牧兽医科技文献数字化出版现状做了详细分析,并从四个方面阐述开展这项工作对我国畜牧兽医事业的重要性,同时提出了在建设过程中所需要注意的一些关键环节。     

基于RFID的动物示踪与识别系统

世界各国增强动物性食品溯源机制的重要手段之一是对动物进行示踪和识别.介绍了一种基于RFID技术的动物示踪与识别系统.在阐述系统整体功能的基础上,设计了一种基于ARM开发系统的GPRS无线数据传输终端,针对动物示踪与识别系统实现功能及特征对数据中心数据库进行了具体设计,并结合动物示踪与识别系统的性能特点,阐述了系统应用的重要意义.     

《动物病理》课程思政课堂教学案例

《动物病理》作为一门重要的专业基础课在畜牧兽医专业开出,在对学生的专业知识和技能进行培养的同时,融入思政元素,培养学生“懂农业,爱农村,爱农民”的从农素养,更好地为国家乡村振兴发展培养专业人才。本文从课程教学案例出发探究课程思政的实施方法与初步成效。     

畜禽舍粪便污水及废气净化的研究

猪场污水经文中所述工艺系统处理以后,污水中的化学耗氧量(COD_Cr)达到98.4mg/L;生物需氧量(BOD₅)达到49.6mg/L;悬浮物(SS)达到51.49mg/L以下;硫化物达1.0mg/L以下:铜和铜化物达到0.6mg/L以下。畜舍中的废气净化,选择挥发性的药材制成“姜满净化剂”,能使畜舍的氨(NH₃)降解率达到73.9％,舍内含氟量为15.0mL/m³;硫化氢(H₂S)降解率达到85.8％,舍内的硫化氢浓度为2.8mL/m³;细菌降低率达到70.7％。