蛋鸡锰缺乏症的病理学研究

１日龄父母代罗曼（Ｌｏｈｍａｎｎ）蛋鸡１２０只,随机分为３组,分别喂以低锰（基础日粮含锰１３．６２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、低锰高磷（基础日粮＋０．５％的磷）、补锰对照（基础日粮＋锰８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）日粮。试验期８周。饲喂５～８周发病。低锰组发病率２６％,低锰高磷组２８％,补锰对照组无一发病。第４周时,体重分别为（２６７．９±８．３２）、（２１４．２±１０．４２）、（２６５．０±１２．１８）ｇ,低锰组、补锰对照组与低锰高磷组之间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肝锰含量分别为（５．４０±０．７４）、（２．８２±０．３６）、（８．４８±０．９６）ｍｇ／ｋｇ,补锰对照组与低锰组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与低锰高磷组差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。发病症状：精神沉郁,不愿走动,伏卧,跛行,单腿发病病腿向外侧伸展,双腿发病则内收呈“Ｏ”字形或外展呈“八”字形。剖检跗关节肿大,胫骨髁骨骨质增生、肿大,髁间沟变平坦。组织学检查,胫骨骺生长板增殖区变窄,软骨基质中粘多糖减少。超微结构变化,心肌纤维、肝细胞、胫骨骺生长板软骨细胞、睾丸精原细胞等线粒体肿胀与空泡化。     

鸡实验性尿酸盐沉积症的肾脏病理学研究

将１２０只３５日龄迪卡商品代蛋用雏鸡随机分为高钙组、高蛋白组和对照组,分别饲喂高钙（含钙３．９％）、高蛋白（含粗蛋白４４．０％）和全价（含钙０．８％,粗蛋白１８．２％）饲料。试验第２５天,各组剖检５只鸡,作肾脏的光镜和电镜观察。结果表明,高钙、高蛋白饲料均能引发尿酸盐沉积。高钙组鸡肾脏肿大,表面及切面有大量尿酸盐结晶;输尿管扩张,管内充满白色尿酸盐沉积物。光镜观察,肾小球肿胀,近曲及远曲小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性。电镜观察,近曲小管上皮绒毛短缩、肿胀、断裂、脱落,线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂;远曲小管线粒体肿胀,呈现空泡,核呈锯齿型。高蛋白组眼观病变不明显,肾脏的光镜、电镜病变与高钙组相似,但损伤程度较轻。作者认为,高钙、高蛋白所致肾脏损害是鸡尿酸盐沉积症的重要原因。     

山西省畜牧业可持续发展途径研究

山西省畜牧业可持续发展 ,应改变依靠粮食饲养的精料型农区畜牧业发展道路 ,充分利用和发挥本省草地和农作物秸秆资源丰富的优势 ,以大中市场和中长期市场需求为导向 ,走以草食动物为主的节粮型的农牧区畜牧业发展途径 ,并采取有效措施 ,以促进畜牧业沿着稳定、持续方向发展     

我国动物营养科学百年发展的影响因素分析

对近百年来影响我国动物营养学发展的主要因素进行了总结，分析了我国动物营养学的发展历史。     

Effect of suckling intensity on human growth hormone binding, biochemical composition and histological characteristics of ovine mammary glands

Suckling both, or only one contralateral mammary gland during 15 days postpartum was utilized to study lactogenic hormone binding to mammary microsomal membranes and quantitative mammary morphology in ewes. Binding of radiolabeled human growth hormone was specific for lactogenic hormones. Non-radiolabeled human growth hormone, ovine and bovine prolactin and human placental lactogen effectively competed with radiolabeled human growth hormone for binding sites but ovine and bovine growth hormone were completely ineffective. Specific binding of radiolabeled human growth hormone to 600 μg of membrane protein averaged 23 ± 3% in all lactating glands. Neither days postpartum nor treatment of contralateral mammary glands substantially altered hormone binding in lactating glands. Specific human growth hormone binding (6 ± 0.5%) in non-suckled glands (15 days postpartum both udder halves) was significantly lower (P<0.01) than in lactating tissue but only a moderate and variable reduction in specific binding was measured in membranes from glands non-suckled for 15 days but contralateral to a suckled gland (14 ± 4%). Specific binding was approximately doubled in assays with 600 compared with 300 μg of membrane protein and the pattern of binding among variously suckled glands was not changed by treatment of membranes with 4 M MgCl₂ prior to assay. Most secretory cells from all lactating glands had rounded, basally displaced nuclei, apical fat globules, secretory vesicles and abundant densely stained basal cytoplasm (ergastoplasm). Alveolar lumenal area was maximal (50% of tissue area) and stromal tissue area was minimal. After 15 days of non-suckling (both udder halves) mammary cells were engorged with lipid, ergastoplasm was reduced and nuclei were irregularly shaped and randomly displaced compared with lactating tissue. In addition, lumenal area was reduced and stromal tissue more evident. Lack of suckling for 5 days had little apparent effect on mammary cytology. Like lactogenic hormone binding, mammary tissue morphology was only moderately altered by 15 days of non-suckling when the remaining gland was suckled. RNA concentration was lowest (2.1 ± 0.3 mg/g) in mammary tissue from ewes in which neither gland was suckled for 15 days postpartum but non-suckling interval had no significant effect when contralateral glands were suckled. DNA concentration was not significantly influenced by suckling treatments. Relative lactogenic hormone binding closely corresponded to changes in cytological and biochemical indices of secretory cell function.     

杜洛克猪遗传性跛行的体尺比较

试验采用96头杜洛克猪,这些猪是用反相选择跛行的方法所建立的两个品系的第7代后裔,测定其前肢的尺骨长,尺宽,足长和体长是否有差异。品系分为跛行组和健康组,后者表示在前肢结构上发育良好。所有猪都在二个特定日龄测定,平均117日龄和159日龄,并在每圈猪平均体重达到95kg时进行第三次测量,结束试验。资料用变量分析,混合方程包括品系、重复批次、饲料和性别的影响,并以体重或日龄作协方差分析。健康组猪比跛行组猪足长较长(P<0.01),在117日龄大7％,159日龄大14％,在试验结束时大30％。健康组猪的足宽则几乎和跛行组相等。对不同程度跛行选择的影响也表现在猪的体形方面,健康组猪比跛行组猪在159日龄时体长和尺骨长相对较短,在达到上市体重时体长轻短。对不同程度跛行的选择已使社洛克猪的结构发生了许多变化。     

肉鹅的多态性DNA分子标记及其与屠宰性状的相关性研究

应用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术分析鹅群的分子标记与屠宰性状的相关性。结果表明 ,从 4 0条随机引物中所筛选出的 14条引物 ,在 5 6日龄的四川白鹅与天府肉鹅两群体中扩增产物的多态率分别为 93.10 %和91.38%。两鹅群中具有共同的标记H0 30 7对活重、屠体重和全净膛重的影响显著 ;具共同的互作标记组合对特定性状有显著效应 :H0 70 2与G14 0 2的互作对活重、H190 2与H190 8的互作对翅重有显著效应。     

对我国畜牧信息服务业运行机制的研究

本文在论述了加强我国畜牧信息服务业运行机制研究必要性的基础上，对影响我国畜牧信息服务业发展的专业数据库建设及专业数据库建设缓慢的原因等因素进行了分析，对加快我国畜牧信息服务业发展的专业数据库建设、畜牧业信息服务与相关事务处理业务相结合、关注集团用户的信息需求等运行机制进行了相关的研究，对我国畜牧信息服务业的建设与发展有重要的意义。     

Excel在动物营养专业研究生的专业课教学中的应用

动物营养专业的研究生需要掌握的饲料配方的配制方法。本文介绍在教学中如何利用Excel采用线性规划法和试差法自己设计饲料配方。     

松材线虫侵染对松树苯丙氨酸解氨酶及酚类物质的影响

以湿地松（Pinus elliottii Engelm）、日本黑松（Pinus thunbergii Parl）为材料,研究松材线虫[Bursaphelenchus xylophilus（Steiner＆Buhrer,1934）Nickle]感染对苯丙氨酸解氨酶和酚类物质的影响.两种松树的苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性在发病过程中都有明显增加,并且伴随着酶活性的变化,各种苯丙烷次生代谢产物,如总酚、类黄酮的含量也发生明显的变化.但湿地松在苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力和酚类物质的积累上的变化比黑松要大些.结果表明,松材线虫病的发生、发展与寄主植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和酚类物质含量变化有关.