云岭黑山羊生长发育规律研究与应用

为探索云岭黑山羊的生长发育规律,2004—2007年在马鸣种山羊场对云岭黑山羊进行了18349只次体重和850只次的体尺监测。结果表明:云岭黑山羊公羊的初生、3、6、9、12、18、24、30和36月龄体重依次为2.04kg±0.24kg、10.45kg±1.57kg、14.89kg±2.13kg、20.02kg±3.64kg、24.73kg±4.14kg、31·00kg±2.57kg、34.00kg±7.33kg、40.00kg±8.34kg和40.00kg±8.00kg,母羊相应的体重依次为1.84kg±0.35kg、7.77kg±1.66kg、9.14kg±0.99kg、17·00kg±2.96kg、18.85kg±3.07kg、20·12kg±2.14kg、26.40kg±3.53kg、31·61kg±6.11kg和30.83kg±4.83kg。1~3岁云岭公(羯)羊3—11月份增重9.60kg,11—翌年3月减重1.46kg。云岭黑山羊的性活动高峰期为5、6、8、9月份;成年母羊哺乳期平均日增重-53.30g,配种准备期平均日增重34.20g,妊娠期平均日增重55.90g,其中妊娠前期平均日增重为77.30g。应用体重监测信息对云岭黑山羊进行早期妊娠诊断,判断标准为:配种后第1~2月日增重大于50g的为怀孕,低于40g的为未孕,产羔验证妊娠诊断准确率为90.96%,空怀诊断准确率为85.94%。此法准确性高,费用低,适宜生产现场操作。     

补饲能量蛋白饲料提高云岭山羊繁殖力研究

为探索提高云岭山羊繁殖力的营养措施及为制定饲养标准提供基础数据,在马鸣种山羊场选用450只繁殖母羊开展了繁殖母羊配种准备期、妊娠期、哺乳期时等能量5水平梯度蛋白和等蛋白5水平梯度能量对山羊繁殖力影响的试验研究。结果表明:云岭山羊放牧饲养仅能获得60%～80%的营养,补饲蛋白饲料可使云岭繁殖母羊第一情期发情率、产羔率、羔羊初生重、3月龄断奶重和成活率比对照组分别提高115.43%、94.56%、17.06%、17.94%和6.26%;补饲能量饲料提高的对应比例分别为108.60%、99.93%、12.80%、21.49%和6.88%。5水平等能量梯度蛋白饲料组中以蛋3组效果最好,5水平等蛋白梯度能量饲料组中以能9组效果最好。方差分析结果显示:补饲蛋白、能量饲料与对照组的体增重、繁殖率差异极显著(P<0.01);蛋3组与蛋1、蛋2组,能9、能8组与能6、能7组的体增重、繁殖率差异显著(P<0.05)。建议对云岭山羊繁殖母羊在空怀和妊娠前期、妊娠后期、哺乳期按每天每千克体重分别供给DCP2.72g、2.86g、3.66g;DE0.37MJ、0.41MJ、0.48MJ的日粮。     

济宁青山羊不同季节血浆内褪黑素分泌规律的研究

为了探讨济宁青山羊季节性发情的内分泌机理,本试验分别用放射性免疫法和免疫组织化学方法研究了济宁青山羊在春分、夏至、秋分和冬至时血浆内褪黑素的变化规律以及松果体细胞内5-羟色胺（5-HT）的含量变化。结果显示,血浆内褪黑素含量在午夜达到最大值,而在白天日中附近降到最小值,在夜间显著高于白天（P〈0．01）。褪黑素含量也存在明显的季节性变化,夏至时夜间的平均含量极显著高于其它3个季节（P〈0．01）,春分和秋分时差异不明显（P〉0．05）,但它们显著高于冬至时的夜间平均水平（P〈0．05）。白天血浆褪黑素含量在各个季节差异不显著（P〉0．05）。夏季5-羟色胺阳性细胞面积和占总面积比值都显著小于其它3个季节,冬季最大,春季和秋季差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

不同繁殖力山羊年周期中FSH和LH分泌规律的研究

比较高繁殖力的济宁青山羊和低繁殖力的沂蒙黑山羊年周期血浆中促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体素（LH）的分泌变化规律,分析FSH和LH与山羊繁殖力之间的关系。采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定血浆中FSH和LH浓度,结果表明：济宁青山羊和沂蒙黑山羊血浆中FSH和LH浓度都存在季节性变化,即秋季最高,春季次之,夏季最低;济宁青山羊和沂蒙黑山羊全年各月血浆中FSH和LH的分泌呈波浪式变化;高繁殖力的济宁青山羊各月份和4个季节血浆中FSH浓度均高于低繁殖力的沂蒙黑山羊,但尚未达到显著水平（P〉0.05）,2种山羊血浆中LH浓度各月份和4个季节基本无差别。     

Influence of pasture on fatty acid profile of goat milk

The effect of pasture on the fatty acid profile of milk was evaluated using 30 pluriparous goats, which were divided into two homogeneous groups (H and P) of 15 goats each after kidding. Group H (control) goats were housed in a stall and received alfalfa hay, while group P was led to pasture. The goats of both the groups received the same concentrate. Average milk yield did not differ statistically between the groups. The goats of the P group had significantly higher fat content in milk than those of group H (53.7 vs. 61.5 g/day, p < 0.01), while lactose content was significantly higher for group H (66.2 and 61.4 g/day, for groups H and P, respectively, p < 0.05). Among milk fatty acids, pasture significantly affected the percentages of C18:1 cis9, C18:1 trans11, octadecadienoic acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid. Pasture highly influenced the c9 t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (0.778 and 0.513 g/100 g of fat, for group P and H, respectively, p < 0.01), t10 c12 CLA (0.046 vs. 0.029 g/100 g of fat: p < 0.01, for group P and H, respectively, p < 0.01) and SigmaCLA (0.84 vs. 0.56 g/100 g of fat for group P and H, respectively, p < 0.01) concentrations of milk.     

育成期崂山奶山羊能量需要量

本试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平对育成期崂山奶山羊能量利用率的影响。选择体重为(18.43±0.76)kg的崂山奶山羊育成母羊30只,采用单因素随机分组设计分成3组,每组10个重复,每重复1只羊。分别饲喂粗蛋白质、钙及磷水平基本一致,消化能水平分别为10.40、11.47及12.51 MJ/kg的3种全混合日粮。预试期10 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)试验后期3组试羊随着饲粮能量水平的提高,总能消化率依次提高,12.51 MJ/kg组试羊的总能消化率、总能代谢率及消化能代谢率显著高于10.40 MJ/kg组(P0.05);3组试羊的总能、粪能及尿能间呈显著差异(P0.05),10.40 MJ/kg组11.47 MJ/kg组12.51 MJ/kg组;10.40 MJ/kg组试羊的甲烷能显著低于11.47及12.51 MJ/kg组(P0.05)。2)10.40 MJ/kg组试羊末重及平均日增重显著低于11.47及12.51 MJ/kg组(P0.05),但11.47 MJ/kg组与12.51 MJ/kg组间无显著差异(P0.05)。3)育成期崂山奶山羊消化能和代谢能需要量与代谢体重和平均日增重关系的回归公式:DE=0.675W~(0.75)+0.110ADG(P=0.006,R~2=0.982);ME=0.526W~(0.75)+0.076ADG(P=0.027,R~2=0.873)[式中DE为消化能(M J/d),ME为代谢能(M J/d),W~(0.75)为代谢体重(kg),ADG为平均日增重(g)]。综合得出,育成期崂山奶山羊母羊饲粮中消化能以11.47~12.51 MJ/kg(干物质基础)较为适宜。     

山羊IFN-γ免疫血清制备及抗体ELISA检测方法的建立

为制备山羊干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)免疫血清并建立山羊IFN-γ抗体ELISA检测方法 ,以原核表达的山羊γIFN重组蛋白(rIFN-γ)为材料,免疫小鼠制备免疫血清;通过对测定不同的抗原包被浓度及包被时间,酶标抗体稀释度,免疫血清的孵育时间等条件的优化建立检测抗体效价的ELISA检测方法,并采用建立的方法测定免疫血清的抗体效价。结果显示,rIFN-γ抗原包被浓度为10μg/mL,4℃包被12h;酶标抗体稀释度为1∶5 000;免疫血清孵育时间为60min,可以得到最佳ELISA的检测结果。重复试验显示该方法变异系数(CV)在1.5%~5%之间。采用建立的方法测得免疫小鼠免疫血清效价为107。该ELISA检测方法灵敏高,稳定性好,为山羊IFN-γ抗体检测提供了技术支持。     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF A GIANT CELL TUMOR AFFECTING THE MANDIBLE IN A PYGMY GOAT

A 3‐year‐old male neutered pygmy goat presented for evaluation of a progressive mandibular swelling and inappetence. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head and thorax was performed under general anesthesia. Computed tomography revealed an extensive multiloculated, markedly expansile lesion within the right hemimandible, which involved the articular surface of the temporomandibular joint. The goat was euthanased due to a poor prognosis and postmortem examination confirmed the diagnostic imaging findings. Histopathology was strongly suggestive of a multinucleated giant cell tumor, therefore this condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in goats presenting with expansile mandibular mass lesions.     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN SMALL RUMINANTS WITH BRAIN DISEASE

Brain disease is an important cause of neurologic deficits in small ruminants, however few MRI features have been described. The aim of this retrospective, case series study was to describe MRI characteristics in a group of small ruminants with confirmed brain disease. A total of nine small ruminants (six sheep and three goats) met inclusion criteria. All had neurologic disorders localized to the brain and histopathologic confirmation. In animals with toxic‐metabolic diseases, there were bilaterally symmetric MRI lesions affecting either the gray matter (one animal with polioencephalomalacia) or the white matter (two animals with enterotoxemia). In animals with suppurative inflammation, asymmetric focal brainstem lesions were present (two animals with listeric encephalitis), or lesions typical of an intra‐axial (one animal) or dural abscess (one animal), respectively. No MRI lesions were detected in one animal with suspected viral cerebellitis and one animal with parasitic migration tracts. No neoplastic or vascular lesions were identified in this case series. Findings from the current study supported the use of MRI for diagnosing brain diseases in small ruminants.