应用ISO9000过程方法加强基本科研业务费项目管理

该文在分析基本科研业务费项目特点与管理要求的基础上,结合ISO9000中的过程方法,介绍了加强基本科研业务费项目过程管理的主要措施,期望为今后基本科研业务费管理模式的探索与完善提供借鉴。     

浅谈发酵床养猪工艺特点及与传统集约化养猪工艺比较

作者综述了发酵床养猪工艺的起源、特点,并与传统集约化养猪工艺进行了比较,为研究和使用发酵床养猪工艺提供一些参考。     

案例教学在《生态规划学》课程中的应用

案例教学法是一种具有启发性和实践性的教学方法。《生态规划学》是一门实践性很强的课程,针对案例教学法以及《生态规划学》课程的特点,探讨了在《生态规划学》课程教学中运用案例教学法的必要性及其在教学过程中案例的设计与应用,并分析总结了案例教学过程中应注意的问题。     

种植密度对东方百合“西伯利亚”生长及切花品质的影响

为了研究不同种植密度对东方百合"西伯利亚"生长及切花品质的影响,试验选用周径16～18 cm的东方百合"西伯利亚"为试材,分别设32株·m2(处理A)、44株·m-2(处理B)、52株·m-2(处理C)3个种植密度处理.结果表明,不同种植密度下的东方百合"西伯利亚"生长发育进程的总体趋势基本一致,种植密度对东方百合"西伯利亚"生长发育进程的影响主要出现在植株生长发育的中后期,但处理间的差异不显著;种植密度对东方百合"西伯利亚"的生物学性状具有一定影响,其中处理A的叶片数、比叶重、基根均长以及茎根均长都显著高于处理C;种植密度对东方百合"西伯利亚"的干物质积累和分配存在一定影响,除了切花产量之外,不同种植密度下的东方百合"西伯利亚"的其他切花品质指标虽然存在一定差异,但均不显著.因此,适当密植不仅对东方百合"西伯利亚"的生长和切花品质不会造成较大的影响,而且还可以有效地利用各种资源,增加单位面积的切花产量,进而提高切花生产企业的经济效益.     

Growing conditions and postharvest management can affect the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart

Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart (Greek oregano) has been cultivated since ancient times thanks to its herbal and therapeutic properties. Currently, it is added in various commercial preparations thanks to its essential oil composition. This group of secondary compounds is affected in quantity and quality by biotic and abiotic factors during the cultivating phase and by the postharvest management. Thus, the aims of the work were to study: (1) how the growing conditions (soil full-light treatment; pot full-light treatment; pot 50%-shade treatment) can affect the essential oil content and the essential oil profile of Greek oregano branches at full-blossoming stage; and (2) how the postharvest management (distillation of the essential oil from fresh herbs, dehumidified herbs or oven-dried herbs) can affect the essential oil content and the essential oil profile of this species. The growing conditions significantly affected the biometrical parameters. The pot full-light treatment contained the highest dry matter percentage (36.5%) and the highest essential oil content, which was directly correlated to the former parameter (r = 0.890**). The postharvest management did not affect the essential oil content. The growing condition significantly affected the characterizing γ-terpinene, cis-sabinene hydrate, 4-terpineol, α-terpinene, linalyl acetate, and β-bisabolene, while it did not affect carvacrol (mean value 15.8%), p-cymene (mean value 6.0%), or sabinene (mean value 3.9%). The postharvest management significantly affected carvacrol, cis-sabinene hydrate, 4-terpineol, p-cymene, α-terpinene, linalyl acetate, and β-bisabolene, while it did not affect γ-terpinene (mean value 14.7%). The response of some compounds to growing conditions led us to hypothesise an essential oil profile of the plants grown in pots at 50%-shade to be more of a vegetative stage type oil than the essential oil profile of the plants grown in soil, although all were at the blossoming stage. The analyses on the individual compounds indicated that, even though the essential oil content in oregano did not change with a change in postharvest management, biochemical changes occurred on the profile. These could be due to enzyme activity, dilution effect or temperature effect during the drying processes. The oven-drying process and the dehumidifying process changed the essential oil profile in a similar way compared to the essential oil profile distilled from fresh herbs. Thus, when it is not possible to extract the essential oil directly from fresh herbs, processors can dry the oregano according to the equipments they have available.     

GFP标记的尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型侵染西瓜过程观察

将绿色荧光蛋白基因转入西瓜尖孢镰刀菌FON中,并利用荧光共聚焦显微镜观察GFP标记菌株侵染西瓜的过程.结果显示,转化子连续转接4代能够稳定遗传,荧光强度良好,PCR验证gfp基因已转入菌株FON中;利用GFP标记菌株在荧光共聚焦显微镜下观察其侵染西瓜苗的过程,发现在1/2 MS培养的西瓜苗中,FON经过48 h侵染即可进入西瓜的根维管束,第3天便进入茎维管束,第4天进入叶维管束(包括叶柄和叶脉);在土壤盆栽条件下,侵染后2d FON进入西瓜的根维管束,第9天进入茎维管束,第11天进入叶维管束.培养基培养与土壤盆栽相比,培养基栽培FON侵染的速度更快.     

长顺冗雷河小流域草地治理模式下土壤肥力评价

采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对贵州省长顺县冗雷河小流域坡耕地、人工草地和天然草地3种地类的全氮和碱解氮,全磷和有效磷,全钾和有效钾,酸碱度,有机质进行了研究,以层次分析法进行肥力综合评价,揭示冗雷河小流域草地治理模式下对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:坡耕地实施人工种草措施后,土壤全氮含量相对增加42.64%,碱解氮增加50.86%,中层和下层（20—30 cm）土壤碱解氮改善最为明显;土壤全磷含量相对增加45.24%,有效磷降低23.58%,坡耕地相比草地在全磷含量上相对较为匮乏,但用于作物吸收的有效磷素却高于人工草地;土壤全钾和有效钾含量降低,pH值无变化,其中全钾含量相对降低43.28%,有效钾降低37.32%;土壤有机质含量相对增加77.24%,其中表层（0—10 cm）、中层和下层土壤有机质含量分别提升48.06%,85.58%和107.78%,中层和下层土壤有机质含量改善幅度大。天然草地综合肥力指数最大,坡耕地最小,天然草地综合肥力指数是人工草地的1.09倍,是坡耕地的1.14倍,人工草地是坡耕地的1.05倍。土壤肥力整体水平上得到提升。     

烤烟散叶堆积烘烤工艺分析

介绍了上升式密集烤房散叶堆积烘烤在烤前的准备,烟叶成熟采收、散叶烘烤装烟量、装炕前按成熟度大致分类、装炕操作、门窗堵漏,以及散叶烘烤操作要点和烤后烟叶回潮.阐述了散叶烘烤原理,特别是装炕均匀度和防止风力“短路”等关键问题.     

紫茎泽兰脱毒工艺及其腐熟肥料在香葱上的应用研究

为了确定紫茎泽兰溶剂脱毒的最佳工艺条件及探索紫茎泽兰中泽兰酮含量与香葱产量的关系。采用正交试验与高效液相色谱法,结合堆肥发酵及相关分离分析技术。通过比较紫茎泽兰溶剂脱毒前后毒性成分含量的变化,确定了紫茎泽兰溶剂脱毒的最佳工艺条件为：pH为8、浸泡处理时间48 h、料液质量比为1:10、温度为50℃。同时分析了9-羰基-10,11-去氢泽兰酮的含量与香葱产量的关系,结果表明腐熟后的紫茎泽兰有机肥中毒素含量很低,对香葱的产量无明显影响。紫茎泽兰溶剂脱毒效果明显,其溶剂脱毒工艺应用于发酵生产有机肥具有广阔的应用前景。     

天水地区干旱过程风险评估方法研究

为研究天水地区干旱变化特征并对其进行定量评估,本文采用天水地区7个气象站1965～2012年45年的气象观测资料,依据风险评估和正态分布等相关理论,首先确定了干旱过程综合评估指数;其次分析了天水地区干旱过程的变化特征;第三利用干旱过程综合评估指数序列对天水地区干旱过程强度风险评估等级进行划分,确定了明显干旱过程重现期评估指标;最后利用等级划分指标及重现期评估指标对2013年天水明显干旱过程进行了试评估。结果表明,该方法能科学、及时、有效的对天水干旱过程风险进行量化评估,对提高防灾减灾和决策气象服务的实效性具有一定的参考价值和意义。