高质量浓度苯胺工业废水的治理

介绍了采用HSB微生物法处理高质量浓度苯胺工业废水的治理方法,可获得很好的处理效果,出水能达到国家一级排放标准。     

水热预处理对猪粪厌氧消化系统中磺胺嘧啶降解的影响

为进一步了解水热预处理对猪粪连续厌氧消化过程中磺胺嘧啶（sulfadiazine, SDZ）降解机制的影响,以及对厌氧消化系统性能的影响效果。该研究以猪粪为对象,对比研究了水热预处理对厌氧发酵模式下SDZ的降解变化规律与途径及其对猪粪产气性能的影响。研究结果表明：水热预处理（150 ℃）使中温连续厌氧反应器中的SDZ的综合去除率显著提升（P <0.05）,由40.5%～58.5%提高到54.4%～75.2%;并且通过中间降解产物推测SDZ的生物降解途径主要包括SDZ水解、羟基化、硫脱氧、氨基氧化、嘧啶环裂解等;在厌氧消化性能方面,水热预处理使稳定运行后反应器的日产沼气量提高了约34.05%（P <0.05）。此外,对反应器中微生物群落分析后,发现Syntrophomonas、Sedimentibacter与SDZ的降解高度相关,并且经过水热预处理后Sedimentibacter的相对丰度较未水热预处理显著提升。因此,水热预处理耦合厌氧消化工艺具有同步提高SDZ降解和厌氧消化性能的作用,有助于进一步提高沼液的生态安全性。     

废弃花卉秸秆厌氧消化产沼气的研究进展*

本文针对废弃花卉秸秆厌氧消化产沼气的研究及应用情况,以及应用过程中存在的问题及对策等方面进行了阐述,以探讨废弃花卉秸秆厌氧消化产沼气的可行性和工程应用前景,废弃花卉秸秆作为优质的沼气发酵原料,具有较大的开发利用价值,其沼气化利用在未来将是一个重要利用方式。     

厌氧发酵牛粪对浮萍生长和养分吸收的影响

养分从牛粪到农田的循环利用是养牛场可持续发展、资源利用和环境保护的重点研究内容。利用奶牛场废水种植水生植物被认为是一种有效的废水处理及养分循环的方法。本文研究了3种浮萍[少根紫萍0128（Landoltia punctata 0128）、膨胀浮萍7589（Lemna gibba 7589）和小浮萍9517（Lemna minuta 9517）]在厌氧发酵过的奶牛场废水中种植时的养分吸收和生物质变化。在28 d的测试期间,种植在稀释比例为1：18的厌氧发酵过的牛奶场废水中的少根紫萍01283获得最高的总氮吸收率（11.6%±1.6%）,种植在稀释比例为1：27厌氧发酵过的牛奶场废水中的少根紫萍0128获得最高的总磷吸收率（15.4%±4.4%）;相应地少根紫萍鲜重的增长率分别为0.11 g·d^-1和0.17 g·d^-1。3种浮萍中,少根紫萍最具有吸收牛奶场废水氮、磷并获得较高生物质的潜力。     

Process performance of anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and aquaculture sludge

The mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) performances of waste activated sludge (WAS) and aquaculture sludge (AS) were studied. Mixtures of different compositions (0, 30, 50, 70 and 100 % of AS on the volume basis) were used as AcD substrates and tested via biochemical methane potential assay. The results showed that CH₄ production increased with AS/WAS ratio increment, and AS alone used as the substrate showed the maximum CH₄ yield, which was 8% higher than that achieved using WAS alone as the substrate. The CH₄ yield values were well fitted with the modified Gompertz model. The maximum methane potential (P₀) and maximum methane production rate (R₀) increased from 66.8 mL CH₄/g VS_fed to 70.9 mL CH₄/g VS_fed and from 4.40 mL CH₄/g VS_fed·d to 5.59 mL CH₄/g VS_fed·d, respectively, as the AS/WAS ratio increased from 0% to 100 %. In addition, lower levels of free ammonia and non-biodegradable organic matter contributed to the CH₄ production increasing with AS/WAS ratio increased.     

猪粪厌氧发酵联产氢气和甲烷的能源转换效率研究

[目的]探讨猪粪厌氧发酵先产氢气后产甲烷的能源转换效率,以期提高传统厌氧发酵的能源转换效率。[方法]将发酵料液的p H调节至4.5~5.5,首先进行厌氧发酵产氢气,产氢结束后将产氢发酵液的p H调节至6.5~7.5进行厌氧发酵产甲烷。[结果]猪粪厌氧发酵联产氢气和甲烷的产能效率为44.06%,明显高于猪粪单独厌氧发酵产氢的产能效率(14.43%)以及猪粪单独厌氧发酵产甲烷的产能效率(32.80%)。[结论]厌氧发酵联产氢气和甲烷能有效提升传统厌氧发酵产能效率。     

Humic acids as electron acceptors in wetland decomposition

Decomposition of organic matter in inundated wetland soils requires a number of interdependent microbial processes that ultimately generate CO₂ and CH₄. Largely as the result of anaerobic decomposition, wetland soils store globally significant amounts of organic carbon and are currently net sources of CH₄ to the atmosphere. Given the importance of wetlands in the global carbon cycle, it is important to understand controls on anaerobic decomposition in order to predict feedbacks between wetland soils and global climate change. One perplexing pattern observed in many wetland soils is the high proportion of CO₂ resulting from anaerobic decomposition that cannot be explained by any measured pathway of microbial respiration. Recent studies have hypothesized that humic substances, and in particular solid-phase humic substances in wetland soils, can support anaerobic microbial respiration by acting as organic electron acceptors. Humic substances may thus account for much of the currently unexplained CO₂ measured during decomposition in wetland soils. Here we demonstrate that humic acids extracted from a variety of wetland soils act as either electron donors or electron acceptors and alter the ratio of CO₂:CH₄ produced during anaerobic laboratory incubations. Our results suggest that soil-derived humic substances may play an important, and currently unexplored, role in anaerobic decomposition in wetland soils.     

3种农林生产剩余物厌氧发酵的特性

以3种农林废弃物(佛手瓜茎叶、蘑菇废料和梧桐叶)为发酵原料,在(30±1)℃恒温条件下,通过对厌氧发酵过程中各种原料日产气量、pH值和气体成分等动态指标的测定,探究各种原料的发酵特性.结果表明:3种原料均配成2 000 g发酵液、并且总固体含量为8%的条件下,3种原料产气都有两个高峰,且持续时间相当.蘑菇废料,梧桐叶的累积产气量分别是45 360、32 770和14 470 mL,日平均产气量分别为657、216 、482 mL/d.在发酵过程中梧桐叶和蘑菇废料的pH值变化较为正常,第8天时测得两者的甲烷体积分数均在40%以上.佛手瓜茎叶在发酵过程中出现一定程度的酸积累现象,进入甲烷化阶段也比较晚.     

浅谈农村沼气技术与发展前景

详细阐述了新农村发展沼气的意义,探讨了厌氧发酵技术生产沼气的原理、综合处理技术,并展望了农村沼气的发展前景。     

不同结构填埋场的环境污染分析

介绍了中国城市生活垃圾填埋处理状况、渗滤液和填埋气的特性及污染性 分析了厌氧填埋、好氧填埋、准好氧填埋等3种不同结构填埋场内垃圾降解反应的特点及对环境的危害性 探讨了适合中国国情的垃圾填埋处理技术,建议采用准好氧填埋处理,同时再辅以渗滤液回灌和微生物加速降解的组合工艺处理技术。