巴旦杏授粉特性的研究

巴旦杏的可授粉期较短,约1－3天,开花后授粉越早,座果率越高,巴旦杏自花授粉座果率极低,仅为5％。人工辅助授粉可显著提高座果率,但主、授品种配置时有较强的选择性,搭配不同,座果率差别较大。以小软壳和N－1作为纸皮、双果、双软和晚丰等主栽品种的授粉品种,所获座果率较高,可以在生产中加以推广应用。     

水杨酸对‘照手桃’开花的影响

为给调控观赏桃花花期提供理论依据,研究了不同质量浓度的水杨酸(SA)在开花过程中对照手桃Prunus persica‘Terutemomo’开花的影响。在照手桃花前期及花中期进行SA喷施,测定其花芽、花蕾及枝条的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、C/N值及内源激素(GA、IAA、ZR、ABA)含量的动态变化。结果表明:2个时期SA各质量浓度处理使‘照手桃’的始花期推迟1~2 d,增强了开花过程中能量的储存,加快了可溶性蛋白的分解,增强了新陈代谢和激素活动,对开花有利。     

新疆野巴旦杏形态多样性调查初报

为了研究不同地理区域新疆野巴旦杏表型变异程度,进一步开展其种质资源遗传多样性的研究工作,以新疆野巴旦杏5个天然分布区自然状态下的野巴旦杏为研究对象,抽样调查并测定了在不同分布地域和原生状态下该种枝叶、花器官和果实等方面的主要特征的差异,结果表明:新疆野巴旦杏在不同分布区间具有十分丰富的变异特征,从叶片、新梢到花器官及果核等特征均有很大的变异,这为优株系的选择提供了广阔的空间。     

巴旦杏的组织培养

探索了适于巴旦杏初始诱导和继代培养的培养基.结果表明巴旦杏不同品种的初始诱导分化有一定的差异,但均以MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L为最佳,而MCM+6-BA1.0mg/L+IAA0.05mg/L+GA31.0mg/L较适于巴旦杏的继代培养.GA3明显促进叶片增大与侧芽伸长.     

Effects of nitrogen content on growth and hydraulic characteristics of peach （Prunus persica L.） seedlings under different soil moisture condi- tions

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen content [N1(no fertilizer), N2(0.15 g?kg–1), and N3(0.3 g?kg–1)] on the growth and the hydraulic characteristics of peach seedlings under different soil moisture conditions(W1, W2 and W3, in which the soil water content was 45% to 55%, 60% to 70%, and 75% to 80% of the field water capacity, respectively) by using a specialized high pressure flow meter with a root chamber and a coupling, which was connected to plant organs. Leaf area and leaf hydraulic conductivity(KL) increased significantly in the seedlings because of increased soil moisture and N content. KL increased with leaf area. A linear correlation was documented between KL and leaf area. KL was higher in the morning and began to decline sharply after 16:00, at which KL declined after an initial increase. Soil moisture and N content enhanced shoot(Ks) and root(Kr) hydraulic conductivities, thereby improving the low soil moisture condition to a large extent. Ks and Kr of the seedlings were reduced by 32% and 27% respectively in N1, and by 14.7% and 9.4%, respectively in N2, and both in W1, compared with the control treatment. N3 had no significant effect on Ks and Kr under similar conditions. Linear negative correlations were observed between Kr and the excised root diameter as well as between Ks and the shoot stem diameter. The shoot-to-root ratio increased with increase in N content. The shoot-to-root ratio in N3 was increased by 14.37%, compared with N1 in W1 as well as by 12% and 4.39% in W2 and W3, respectively. Knowledge of the effects of soil moisture and N fertilizer on hydraulic characteristics and growth is important. Our results provide basic guidelines for the implementation of water-saving irrigation and fertilization management of nursery stock.     

野生长柄扁桃种质资源花器官的多样性

为了加快长柄扁桃花器官特异种质选择进程并与榆叶梅花进行区分,对位于蒙陕交界处327份野生长柄扁桃种质资源的花器官性状进行了统计分析。结果表明,野生长柄扁桃的花器官表型变异类型较丰富,其中花瓣宽的变异最大,其变异系数为0.25。按照花的高度可分为6个类型,以中等(11.95~13.59 mm)为主,占总数的34%;花冠径分为6个类型,以较宽(22.66~25.99 mm)为主,占36%;花瓣长可分5个类型,以较长(10.44~12.06 mm)类为主,占37%;花瓣宽分5个类型,以中等(7.29~8.85 mm)为主,占总数的30%;雄蕊数量分5个类型,以较少(20~24个)为主,占总数的48%;雄蕊长度分为6个类型,以较长(9.25~10.88 mm)为主,占总数的26%;雌蕊长度分6个类型,以中等(8.55~9.63 mm)为主,占总数的21%;长柄扁桃的花色可分为4类,分别是白色、浅粉色、粉色和粉红色,其中以粉红色为多,占81.5%。长柄扁桃以单生的单瓣粉红花为主,可据此与榆叶梅的重瓣粉红花1~2朵复生为主要区别特征。     

桃(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.)品种核心种质的构建与评价

为构建桃品种核心种质,通过对56份桃(Prunus persica(L.) Batsch.)初级核心种质的形态农艺性状数据(MOR)和SSR等位基因数据的分析,研究了不同聚类取样方法和完全随机取样方法下9种取样比例的遗传多样性指数、保留比例及各频率段等位基因的丢失比例。结果表明:聚类取样的方法优于完全随机取样,并以在80%的取样比例下MOR结合SSR数据聚类取样的效果最好,利用此方案构建的桃品种核心种质共包括45份材料,该核心种质的基因遗传多样性指数最高,保留了初级核心种质100%的形态农艺性状和96.6%的SSR等位基因,在出现频率低于0.05的等位基因中共丢失了2个等位变异,保留了出现频率在0.05~0.10的所有等位基因;利用6个数量性状对所构建的核心种质的代表性检测表明所构建的核心种质很好地代表558份桃原始种质的遗传变异。     

桃实生树不同节位叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质的动态变化

对大久保桃的2年生自然实生树不同节位叶片的叶绿素含量、叶片和韧皮部可溶性蛋白质含量进行测定。结果表明:46~50节叶片叶绿素和韧皮部可溶性蛋白含量均发生明显变化,是桃实生树生理状态发生变化的临界点,大久保桃实生树的童期结束于46~50节,成年营养生长期开始于51~55节。     

寿星桃种质资源的RAPD分析

该研究利用RAPD技术,从分子生物学角度对寿星桃种质进行分析.采用从200个10碱基随机引物筛选的22个引物对10个寿星桃类型的基因组DNA进行扩增,通过对180个扩增位点的谱带的聚类,分析供试寿星桃的系统发育;运用特殊谱带,建立了寿星桃的分子检索表;并对扩增的特殊位点进行统计,提出了重点保存的寿星桃种质.     

桃果实中脱落酸受体ABAR/CHLH结合区蛋白的原核表达、纯化及复性

为了剖析桃果实中脱落酸受体ABAR/CHLH蛋白的结合活性,从桃果实中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法,以桃果实RNA逆转录的cDNA为模板,扩增出ABAR/CHLH基因的结合区功能片段C369,回收目的片段并测序,基因片段长度为1 121 bp,编码369个氨基酸残基,分子量约为40 kD。利用BamHⅠ和NotI酶切位点将该片段编码区插入原核表达载体pET-28a（＋）中,构建ABAR/CHLH基因片段原核表达载体pET28a-C369,经菌落PCR和测序确证后,转化E.coliRosetta（DE3）,通过IPTG诱导其表达His-CHLH融合蛋白。通过SDS-PAGE检测及Ni-NTA琼脂糖树脂亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,并用纯化复性的His-CHLH C369融合蛋白制备抗体。