二倍体及四倍体枳橙DNA甲基化变异的MSAP分析

为探讨染色体加倍对四倍体枳橙(Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.×Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf.)叶片基因组DNA甲基化修饰的影响,明确四倍体枳橙基因组DNA甲基化水平及模式的变化特征。本研究以枳橙二倍体为对照,利用MSAP分子标记技术对同源四倍体枳橙叶片基因组DNA甲基化水平及模式变化进行分析。结果表明,10对选择性扩增引物共扩增出775条条带,二倍体和同源四倍体枳橙扩增带数分别为391条和384条,对应的总甲基化率分别为31.97%(含全甲基化率16.37%,半甲基化率15.6%)和31.25%(含全甲基化率18.49%,半甲基化率12.76%);MSAP扩增条带统计表明,同源四倍体的总甲基化率变化较小,全甲基化率高于二倍体,半甲基化率较二倍体均有所降低,相比二倍体对照,四倍体枳橙叶片基因组DNA主要发生了甲基化模式的变化。     

Genetic diversity in Cynara cardunculus revealed by AFLP markers: comparison between cultivars and wild types from Sicily*

Genetic diversity in 49 plants of 16 accessions representing one wild and two cultivated taxa of Cynara cardunculus L. (wild cardoon, cultivated cardoon and globe artichoke) was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. Four pairs of primers identified a total of 264 scorable loci, 196 of which were polymorphic. The number of markers scored per primer combination ranged from 41 to 107, with an average of 66 markers per primer combination. All the primer combinations detected polymorphism. The data were used for cluster analysis and AMOVA. The clusters obtained are in agreement with the current botanical classification and the differences among the taxa were substantial. The eco‐geographical groups within wild cardoon are clearly separated in relative subclusters, and reflect the geography of the collection areas. The six clones of the four cultivated artichoke varieties were clearly separated into four subclusters, corresponding to the current classification which is based on morphological traits. The results obtained may have a direct and important bearing on plant genetic resource conservation and management and on breeding.     

微卫星分子标记鉴定黑龙江主要水稻品种及遗传多样性的研究

选用分布于水稻12条染色体上的75对SSR引物,对25个水稻品种进行DNA扩增,筛选到特异扩增条带的SSR引物25对。共检测出71条多态性条带,用UPGMA聚类分析结果分析,遗传相似性系数为0.54处可分成2类,在第一类中遗传相似系数在0.73~0.94之间,除了松粳3号和龙粳14不能区分之外,其它品种均能区别,表明近缘品种之间的检出率较低。     

AFLP分子标记在玉米优良自交系优势群划分中的应用

本文利用AFLP分子标记技术研究了17个玉米优良自交系的遗传多样性, 4个AFLP引物组合分别扩增出30、 30、 44、 41条多态性带, 平均每个引物组合扩出36.25条带, 4个引物组合共扩增出145条带, 每一个引物组合都可将17个自交系完全分开。 利用AFLP数据、 进行聚类分析, 将17个优良自交系聚为6群, 结果表明, 用AFLP标记进     

不同温度对大豆种子萌发影响的研究

通过对东农42、东农43、东农163、合丰25、绥农10号采用六种发芽温度4℃、8℃、12℃、15℃、20℃、25℃下温度对大豆种子萌发影响的研究,表明：4℃、8℃温度过低,在调查期间种子一直没有发芽。其它几个温度的发芽率以15℃为最高,12℃为最低,同前人研究发芽率随温度升高而升高不同。同一温度不同品种的发芽率、平均芽长在品种间差异显著,说明种子萌发受遗传因素影响,同一品种不同温度之间的平均芽长随温度的升高依次升高。实验的研究有利于确定大豆的田间播种温度,为适时早播,保证田间种子的发芽,出苗,成苗,及时的成熟提供依据,并为最终的高产奠定基础。     

基于SRTM的地形因子提取方法研究

地形是影响土壤侵蚀的重要因子,在侵蚀估算模型中常用坡度和坡长(LS)来衡量,在大区域上常基于数字高程模型(DEM)提取.SRTM作为大区域尺度上质量高、易获取的高程数据,在全球土壤侵蚀评价中得到广泛应用.但现有地形因子提取算法要求高程和栅格单元的单位(通常为m)一致,需对SRTM进行坐标变换才能使用.针对大区域上SRT...     

不同施氮量下覆膜滴灌玉米相对根长密度模型研究

为探明施氮量对宁夏引黄灌区覆膜滴灌玉米根长密度(RLD)的影响,设置5个施氮水平和1个对照(CK,不施氮与不覆膜)进行试验,测定玉米RLD,建立不同施氮量下相对根长密度(NRLD)模型,并加以检验。结果表明:不同施氮处理的玉米RLD分布区域均随土层深度的增加而减小,且大部分集中在0～20 cm土层;随着施氮量的增加,RLD分布区域明显扩大; NRLD分布满足三阶多项式函数模型,模拟曲线的决定系数R2为0.951,模型检验结果R2为0.845,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.248,拟合效果好,但该多项式模型不能保证NRLD在相对取样深度Zr为1时达到0,故对玉米NRLD分布多项式模型进行优化。优化模型验证结果显示,各施氮处理RMSE不大于0.308,CK、N0、N1、N2、N3和N4处理的标准化均方根误差分别为0.242、0.193、0.184、0.226、0.208和0.273,R2分别为0.903、0.953、0.920、0.944、0.962和0.898,具有较高的拟合度,解决了NRLD在Zr=1时达到0的问题。本研究可为宁夏引黄灌区膜下滴灌玉米NRLD分布拟合、根系养分吸收和施肥管理提供理论参考。     

低压管道环状管网水力计算

本文对环状管网运行中仅开启一个出水口的水力计算方法进行了探讨。计算出了特征长度系数、平均特征长度系数和最大特征长度系数,并将其排成数表供直接查用。同时计算出了双环管网平均和最大特征长度系数的回归方程,经比较,本文提出的计算方法简单、可靠,便于设计中应用。     

Molecular identification and genetic analysis for 24 turf-type Cynodon cultivars by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.) germplasm is genetically diverse and widely distributed in the world. The study was conducted to identify and assess the molecular variation and relationship among 24 cultivars developed in China, Australia and the USA. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to cultivars identification in this study for the first time. Thirty of the 90 SRAP primer combinations generated a total of 274 clearly bands encompassing 249 (91%) polymorphic. Each bermudagrass cultivar has its unique binary code and can be distinguished from the others. Three distinct clusters were obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the polymorphic markers. Coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The results demonstrated that SRAP marker is a stable molecular marker technique for the identification of bermudagrass cultivars and their genetic relationships.     

金光杏梅叶面积回归测算研究

以金光杏梅成熟叶片为试材,研究了叶长、叶宽与叶面积的关系.结果表明:叶长、叶宽与叶面积均呈正相关关系.叶长、叶宽与叶面积之间的相关系数分别为0.7084、0.8546,叶长和叶宽与叶面积的复相关系数为0.9868,在0.01水平下均达到了极显著水平.在此基础上建立了叶长(x1)、叶宽(x2)、叶长和叶宽与叶面积(y)之间的回归方程y=61.4140x1-2 480.6、y=28.7600x2-0.8546、y=17.6276x1+41.2594x2-1 078.4906,3个回归方程均可用于测算金光杏梅的叶面积,其中以叶长和叶宽与叶面积的二元回归方程测算结果更为精确.在具体应用中,可根据所要求的精确度进行选择.