山东西部农村地区美国白蛾防治存在的问题及对策

美国白蛾是国际性检疫害虫,自1982年在山东荣城市首次发现以来,疫情不断扩展蔓延,给农林业生产和人民生活造成严重危害,美国白蛾防治形势不容乐观。农村地区是美国白蛾防治的重要区域,通过调查分析了山东省西部农村地区美国白蛾防治中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

Standardised exercise testing in 17 reining horses: Musculoskeletal,respiratory, cardiac and clinicopathological findings

Exercise testing can be useful to evaluate poor performance, as a preventative medicine tool, and in the assessment of training progression. A comprehensive exercise testing protocol that simultaneously evaluates common causes of poor performance has not been described in reining horses. The objective of this study was to describe the results of a standardised exercise testing protocol in reining horses. Seventeen reining horses that were part of a western performance intercollegiate team and had met the trainer's expectations during the athletic season were evaluated using a comprehensive standardised exercise test. Systems assessed included musculoskeletal system, upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract and cardiovascular system. These systems were assessed by means of historical questionnaires, general physical examinations, subjective lameness examinations, gait analysis using digital body mounted inertial sensors, resting and dynamic upper airway endoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology, echocardiograms, resting and exercising electrocardiography, and laboratory tests (packed cell volume, lactate, creatine kinase and serum amyloid A). Subclinical abnormalities were detected frequently. The musculoskeletal system was the most commonly affected system, but cardiovascular and upper and lower airway abnormalities were also detected in some horses. These results suggest that exercise tests may be useful to detect subclinical abnormalities in horses used for reining. Further evaluation of both normally and poorly performing horses is necessary to determine if exercise testing can improve the health, performance and welfare of horses used for reining.     

Changes in the thermal and structural properties of maize starch during nixtamalization and tortilla-making processes as affected by grain hardness

The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in the thermal and structural properties of maize starch during nixtamalization and the tortilla-making process and their relationship with grain hardness. Three maize types with varying hardness (hard, intermediate, soft) were processed by three nixtamalization processes (classic, traditional and ecological). Starch from the three maize types showed an A-type pattern and two endotherms corresponding to gelatinization and melting of the Type I amylose-lipid complexes. After cooking and steeping, in intermediate and soft grains the partial gelatinization and the annealing affected the starch properties and promoted the formation of amylose-lipid complexes. These effects were not observe in hard grains. The increase in melting enthalpy and the intensity of the peak 2θ∼20° from nixtamal to tortillas demonstrated the formation of amylose-lipid complexes. A third endotherm above 114 °C in some treatments of nixtamal and tortilla starch demonstrated the transformation of some amylose-lipid complexes in a most ordered structures (Type II complexes). The V-type polymorph structure found in native starch, nixtamal, and tortilla corresponds to a coexistence of Type I and Type II complexes. Formation of amylose-lipid complexes in tortillas had a partial effect on decreasing starch retrogradation (r = −0.47, P < 0.05).     

大肝大脾因子接种美国王鸽的病理学动态研究

用大肝大脾 （ Ｂ Ｌ Ｓ） 因子人工接种３ 月龄美国王鸽后进行病理学动态研究。结果表明, 其组织病理学特征主要侵害肝、脾和肾脏, 表现为肝、脾变性、坏死及大量淋巴细胞、浆细胞和巨噬细胞呈弥漫性或结节状增生, 膜性肾小球肾炎, 此外 Ｂ Ｌ Ｓ 因子还严重损害胸腺和法氏囊, 表现为淋巴细胞数目减少或耗尽。通过组织病理学研究和琼扩试验的结果, 证实了用鸡的 Ｂ Ｌ Ｓ 因子人工接种美国王鸽已获得成功。 Ｂ Ｌ Ｓ 因子不仅可以感染鸡, 也可感染美国王鸽。     

窄行密植西洋参精密播种机设计与试验

针对现有条播或大行株距穴播机难以满足西洋参窄行密植精密播种农艺要求、西洋参机械化种植缺乏适用播种机械的问题,设计了一种采用多行并联气力针式排种装置和行星轮点播式导种装置的窄行密植西洋参精密播种机。阐述了播种机及排种装置结构原理与整机传动方案,重点设计了行星轮点播式全约束导种装置,通过机构分析确定了行星轮系的结构参数;通过卸种过程理论分析和高速摄影试验,明确了卸种轨迹影响因素和卸种水平位移,确定了导种装置插播器接种口尺寸和合适卸种正压;通过导种轨迹理论与仿真分析,明确了插播器运动规律和低位零速投种条件,确定了导种装置投种控制凸轮轮廓。播种机田间试验结果表明,当吸种负压为-4.5 kPa、卸种正压为3.0 kPa、作业速度为0.54 km/h时,设计的播种机穴粒数合格率为86.2%,重播率为4.4%,空穴率为9.4%,播深合格率为92.8%,穴距合格率为93.9%,满足西洋参播种农艺要求。     

美洲鳗白仔对三种饵料的选择性及消化率研究

报道了美洲鳗( Anguilla rostrata )白仔对水蚯蚓( Tubifex sp )、卤虫( Artem ia sp )和鱼卵三种饵料的选择性、消化率及摄食后的生长情况。试验结果表明,美洲鳗白仔对上述3 种饵料的选择性明显不同:水蚯蚓> 卤虫> 鱼卵。从其对3 种饵料的消化率及生长情况来看,水蚯蚓和卤虫对美洲鳗白仔的饲养效果较好,而鱼卵的饲养效果则较差。     

《达摩流浪者》——杰克·凯鲁亚克的一本献给美国寒山的小说

在基于史料的基础上，从变异学角度论述垮掉派作家杰克·凯鲁亚克的半自传体虚构小说《达摩流浪者》是如何将中国唐朝诗僧寒山的神秘东方形象、《寒山诗》译者美国诗人加里·斯奈德与主人公贾菲·赖德合为一体的。通过文化迁移的作用，作者成功地将主人公赖德变异，塑造为小说中的美国垮掉派反主流文化的英雄偶像，从而使得现实中的斯奈德成为美国寒山的杰出代表，也使得这本小说不仅是作者献给中国寒山的书，也是一本献给美国寒山的书。     

中美报纸时尚消费报道中女性形象的跨文化解读

在媒介领域中，报纸等新闻媒体由于它所具有的真实性和严肃性特征，已成为当今社会主要的获取信息的渠道，成为某种权威的象征。文章选取了《人民日报》、《新民晚报》和《纽约时报》三家主流报纸，对其中时尚消费新闻中的女性形象采用量化、内容分析和质化研究相结合的方法，分析两国主导报纸中与女性有关的时尚消费报道的现状，了解不同社会文化环境下新闻报道的共性与差异，并从跨文化的角度分析与女性有关的时尚消费新闻报道与传统性别文化、社会发展以及大众传媒的不可分割的联系。     

从美国主权信用降级析国际货币秩序的规范化发展

虽然美国主权信用被降级反映出的是美国经济的停滞不前的困境，但是其隐藏下的债务危机更多地暴露出了当下国际货币制度的无为与无序。立于国际层面群策群力地为国际货币秩序造法当然不失为一种理智的选择，但是从本国实力出发改变博弈的平衡更是务实之道。