不同硼效率棉花品种果胶与不同形态硼含量的差异

溶液培养条件下研究硼(B)对不同B效率棉花品种水溶性果胶、原果胶及水溶性B、酸溶性B含量的影响.结果表明,供B充足时,B低效棉花品种各部位果胶含量均大于高效品种,不同形态B含量也有同样的规律.缺B时,高效品种各部位果胶含量一般高于低效品种.严重缺B使2个棉花品种不同形态B含量均显著降低,水溶性B变化比酸溶性B更明显,低效品种各部位酸溶性B及上部幼叶水溶性B含量降低幅度均大于高效品种,下部老叶和根中水溶性B降低幅度小于高效品种.缺B还使2个品种上部幼叶与下部老叶水溶性B含量比值增加,高效品种增加幅度大于低效品种,该比值在品种间的差异明显大于水溶性B和酸溶性B含量的差异,可以更好地反映不同品种的B效率.     

Age‐dependent baseline values of faecal cortisol metabolites in the American mink (Neovison vison) under semi‐natural housing conditions

The welfare of an animal is ensured if it is able to fully satisfy its essential species‐typical needs in all functional aspects of behaviour. In mink, stereotypies and apathy, internal and/or external injuries as well as increased susceptibility to disease have been known to occur as a result of chronic stress. The non‐invasive method of analysing faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) allows conclusions to be drawn about the stress level in the respective housing system. The objective of this study is to find out how the cortisol metabolites content in the faecal changes with increasing age of the mink under semi‐natural housing conditions. Thus, 40 American mink (Neovison vison) were housed in two outdoor enclosures imitating natural conditions. Throughout the entire study (13th to 32nd week of life), faecal samples were collected to measure cortisol metabolites. No differences in FCM concentrations between the two outdoor enclosures were found. In the young mink lower, less fluctuating FCM levels were found than in older animals. After the first faecal collection in the 13th/14th week of life, the level of metabolites decreased slightly (p = 0.032; 17th/18th week). From the 22nd/23rd week onwards until the 30th/31st week, shortly before the animals were pelted, continuously increasing concentrations were then measured. Increasing FCM levels with advancing age of the animals are probably attributable to the onset of sexual maturity and/or the respective season. This has to be taken into account in future studies using this method for assessing welfare and when comparing different mink housing systems.     

兰州百合鳞茎再生繁殖体系的建立

[目的]建立兰州百合鳞茎快繁体系,并测定丛芽与鳞茎的淀粉含量,为系统研究兰州百合鳞茎离体再生过程中淀粉的代谢奠定基础.[方法]以兰州百合鳞片为外植体,探讨不同消毒剂组合、激素与蔗糖用量对鳞茎诱导培养过程的影响.[结果]随着75％乙醇（10～30 s）与0.1％升汞消毒时间（7～10min）的延长,外植体鳞片污染数不断下降,但诱导芽数表现为先上升后下降的趋势,以75％乙醇消毒30 s＋0.1％升汞消毒10 min组合的消毒效果最好,外植体污染率和芽诱导率分别为12.33％和91.00％.使用1000倍多菌灵处理10 min后,再使用75％乙醇30 s ＋0.1％升汞7～13 min组合进行消毒,可明显降低鳞片污染率3.00％～5.00％（绝对值）.在MS＋0.03 mg/L NAA＋30.0 g/L蔗糖＋5.0 g/L琼脂培养基中添加6-BA 0.5～1.0 mg/L,可显著提高平均芽诱导数;在MS＋5.0 g/L琼脂培养基中添加30.0～60.0 g/L蔗糖,对外植体芽诱导无明显影响;培养基MS＋1.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.03 mg/L NAA＋30.0 g/L蔗糖＋5.0 g/L琼脂是外植体芽诱导的最适培养基.MS＋0.50 mg/L 6-BA＋0.03 mg/L NAA＋30.0 g/L蔗糖＋5.0 g/L琼脂为适宜增殖培养基,芽增殖系数达最高,为3.67.在MS培养基中添加60.0～90.0 g/L蔗糖可明显促进鳞茎的形成,以添加90.0 g/L蔗糖处理的鳞茎重量最高（99.30mg）.小鳞茎的淀粉质量分数比丛芽增加62.34％.[结论]以鳞片为外植体建立的兰州百合鳞茎再生繁殖体系具有可行性;在丛芽至小鳞茎形成阶段淀粉含量明显升高,小鳞茎的形成与淀粉含量升高密切相关.     

Effect of Manually Preheparinized Syringes on Packed Cell Volume and Total Solids in Blood Samples Collected from American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

The hemodilution effect of manually preheparinized syringes was determined by evaluating the packed cell volume (PCV) and total solids (TS) from blood samples collected from 50 American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). A volume of 0.2 mL of blood was drawn into 3 syringes of 1 mL: control with no heparin sodium, heparin sodium drawn to 0.1 mL and then expelled, and heparin sodium drawn to 0.2 mL and then expelled. PCV and TS values were determined from each syringe immediately after collection. Mean PCV and TS values were compared between the control and heparin groups using linear mixed modeling. The syringes coated with heparin resulted in a significantly lower mean PCV and TS values when compared with controls, with no significant difference between the heparin groups. This dilution effect was also found to be inconsistent and not accurate from one syringe to another. An adjunct method of obtaining 0.5 mL from already-collected blood samples into 1-mL syringes that were coated with heparin drawn to 0.2 mL and then expelled also showed a significant decrease in PCV and TS values when compared with the control samples, although to a lesser extent. As a result, it cannot be recommended to manually preheparinize syringes when collecting small volume of blood samples from American alligators because significant and unpredictable hemodilution is likely to occur.     

棉花与早熟西瓜套作高效栽培模式试验

通过近两年在江西省北部的瑞昌市武蛟乡、湖口县武山镇和九江县永安乡试验基地开展棉花与早熟西瓜套作高效栽培试验,结果表明：在丘陵旱地栽2行棉花1行西瓜,棉花的株距45cm,双行间距60cm,密度12345株／hm2,西瓜的株距46cm,密度6000株／hm2,其配置模式效益最佳。其籽棉产量4147．9kg／hm2,西瓜产量为26250kg／hm2,两者产值达113592．5元,h0。     

工业化进程中美国高等教育资源配置对河南教育发展的启示

在工业化进程中,通过政府立法、政府与企业的充足经费支持、市场为主的教育资源调配方式,美国高等教育实现了不同类型高校间、不同区域内、同一区域内教育资源的合理配置。河南省可采取加大对教育的立法与指导、坚持多渠道融资、采用政府调控为主,市场化为辅的教育资源配置及构建信息化资源共享平台等手段实现教育资源优化配置。     

长江流域国家棉花区域试验审定品种的主要特征特性演变分析(英文)

[目的]采用GGE双标图方法分析历年长江流域棉花区域试验中通过国审的棉花品种的特征特性,探索棉花品种类型和特征的演化趋势。[方法]依据国家棉花品种审定标准对品种进行分类和综合评价指数构建。采用GGE双标图分析1981~2012年期间长江流域53个国审棉花品种主要目标性状的相关性。根据区域试验历年采用的对照品种,将区域试验数据分为5个时期,分析各时期内审定品种类型的比例和总体评价指数的变化动态。[结果]棉花育种目标性状间存在着复杂的相关关系,有必要采用评价指数方法对品种进行综合评价。品种类型的变化动态研究表明,Ⅱ型品种开始于泗棉3号时期,其后呈下降趋势;Ⅲ型品种在各个时期均有一定比例,总体呈上升趋势;Ⅳ型品种为1993年前审定品种的主要类型,在泗棉3号时期以后占比例较小,且呈下降趋势。评价指数的动态变化表明,2003年前品种都在目前合格线以下;2004~2008年期间审定品种总体评分较高;2009年后审定品种的总体评分仅略高于合格线。[结论]长江流域的棉花育种和品种审定中应更注重对马克隆值的改良和评价,以引导棉花丰产性和纤维品质的协调发展。     

小型棉花收获机的设计

结合常德市的棉花收获情况,设计了一种小型的棉花收获机械。对该机械的机箱、吸棉管,抽风机采摘头4部分设计过程进行了翔实描述。按该方案研制出的样机采棉效果好,因此该机械具有携带和操作方便、收获速度快等优点,有推广前景。     

棉麦套作棉花种植机械化现状与思考

大力发展棉麦套作棉花种植机械是保证我国粮食和棉花战略任务的重要手段。该文介绍了我国棉麦套作种植情况,分析了棉花种植机械化的发展现状,并从农机与农艺相融合、大力发展多功能联合作业技术和实施产-学-研-推运行模式3个方面对如何促进棉麦套作机械化发展进行了探讨。     

BASF在棉花上的应用

种子包衣是一种重要的技术项目,也是棉花种植技术中的一项常规技术。本文通过不同BASF药剂量及锦华种衣剂对棉种进行处理试验,通过与对照组的结果对比得出棉种用BASF药剂拌种比锦华种衣剂及对照组棉花抗病性强,且BASF药剂拌种时与种子比为0.06:100时,棉花产量最高,为BASF药剂的示范、推广及栽培技术的运用提供依据。