毛乌素沙地臭柏、油蒿细根生产动态及影响因子

在毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心北试实验地选取了七块样地,并依据建群植被外貌特征划分为臭柏群落、臭柏灌丛、油蒿群落三类。用根钻对各样地一个生长季内的根系进行了五次取样,同时测量土壤水分、枝条生长长度、温湿度等一些气象因子。对活细根分级并称干重,发现臭柏、油蒿不同径级细根的季节动态不同,不同土层内相同径级的细根生产动态也不相同:①臭柏与油蒿D≤2 mm的细根生物量在4~5月份都有一个快速增长的阶段,随后增长格局各不相同。②臭柏灌丛中,1 mm相似文献   

Nutrients management strategies to improve yield and quality of sugar beet in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha^?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha^?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha^?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha^?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha^?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha^?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha^?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.     

外源硒对60Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长和生理的影响

为探讨外源硒对⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长以及生理的影响,以菜豆品种‘13-6-1-2’和‘紫冠’为试验材料,通过外源喷施50 μg/mL的亚硒酸钠(Na₂SeO₃)溶液,研究⁶⁰Co-γ辐射(120 Gy)下外源Se对菜豆的表型、抗氧化酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素以及硒含量的影响。结果显示,⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下外源硒显著提高了菜豆幼苗体内的硒含量,也不同程度提高了抗氧化酶活性及MDA和叶绿素的含量。研究表明,叶面喷施适当浓度的外源硒可以促进菜豆的生长发育,提高菜豆自身的硒含量,提高其抗氧化能力,缓解⁶⁰Co-γ射线对菜豆幼苗生长的影响。     

菜豆采后贮藏期间的生理变化

菜豆采后在贮藏期间失水严重,硬度迅速下降;呼吸速率缓慢上升,跃变高峰出现在第8d;果肉细胞膜透性在采后初期变化缓慢,后期急剧上升;果实叶绿素、蛋白质、维生素C和有机酸的含量一直呈下降趋势,而果实总糖的含量先升后降,室温贮藏8d后菜豆的商业品质迅速下降.     

Strategy to identify resistance to white mould associated with high yield for irrigated common bean in Brazil

Development of common bean cultivars with partial white mould resistance through breeding techniques has been a challenge in Brazil. As yet, lines/cultivars from breeding programmes have not been investigated for resistance; therefore, this study screened 107 lines/cultivars for their reactions to white mould in 14 preliminary trials conducted under irrigation. Thirteen resistant lines/cultivars (three of Andean origin) and six Mesoamerican cultivars (three intermediately resistant and three susceptible) were selected for further investigation. These lines/cultivars and the resistant control A195 were evaluated in six advanced trials and two straw tests to assess the effectiveness of the screening procedure. In 11 preliminary trials, screenings were performed under moderate/high or higher disease pressure. These pressures occurred in two advanced trials in which, when yields were averaged across moderate/high and high pressures, 10 Mesoamerican lines/cultivars selected for resistance yielded 14%, 23%, and 38% more than intermediately resistant cultivars, A195, and susceptible cultivars, with median disease ratings (1–9 scale) of 4.5, 5.7, 5.7, and 6.7, respectively. In the straw test, three Andean lines/cultivars (A195 included) and two susceptible cultivars in the field were among those with the highest levels of physiological resistance. Thus, field rating under high disease pressure and greenhouse rating did not correlate significantly, suggesting that field trials are critical to evaluating resistance and to identifying high-yielding beans. Therefore, lines/cultivars from breeding programmes assessed in field trials may provide a low cost and fast way to identify high-yielding bean cultivars with partial resistance to white mould in the subtropical southern hemisphere.     

Banishing barberry: The history of Berberis vulgaris prevalence and wheat stem rust incidence across Britain

Wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a notoriously damaging disease of wheat and barley. Pgt requires two hosts to complete its lifecycle; undergoing asexual reproduction on cereal crops and completing sexual reproduction on Berberis spp. The latter stage of its lifecycle is of particular importance in temperate regions such as western Europe, where asexual urediniospores are unable to survive cold winter weather. In the past, the crucial role of Berberis in the lifecycle of stem rust led to intensive eradication campaigns, initially carried out by farmers in the face of hostile scientific opinion. In the United Kingdom, common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is today a relatively rare plant. Stem rust is, however, currently experiencing a resurgence; at the same time, there has been a general increase in the prevalence of barberry and an upsurge in its planting which, in the United Kingdom, is associated with attempts to encourage the endangered barberry carpet moth (Pareulype berberata). This article situates current developments within a broader chronological framework, examining changing attitudes towards barberry and rust in England in the past and the history of the plant's use and cultivation. It assesses how widespread B. vulgaris really was in the environment historically, and thus the scale of its eradication. We suggest that Berberis was never widely established as an archaeophyte in the United Kingdom. Current attempts to re-establish it are based on a misunderstanding of the plant's historical status and could potentially pose a serious threat to food security.     

新疆奶花芸豆立枯丝核菌菌丝融合群及其致病性研究

从新疆奶花芸豆主产区采集的奶花芸豆立枯病、根腐病、茎腐病病苗及土样中分离得到85个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia DC)菌株,经鉴定均为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn).对85个立枯丝核菌菌株进行的菌丝融合群判定和致病性测定结果表明,在新疆对奶花芸豆造成侵染为害的立枯丝核菌菌丝融合群有AG1、AG2、AG4、AG5,其出现频率分别为16.5;、34.1;、29.4;和20.0;;各融合群对奶花芸豆苗期致病性存在一定差异;在4个融合群中,以AG2分布最广,致病性最强.试验对奶花芸豆立枯丝核菌的菌丝融合群组成,及各融合群对奶花芸豆的致病性进行了研究.     

胡瓜钝绥螨对香梨害螨控制作用的评价及其应用策略

 【目的】评价胡瓜钝绥螨在新疆库尔勒香梨园控制害螨的作用。【方法】从不同温度条件下胡瓜钝绥螨（Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans）和其猎物土耳其斯坦叶螨[Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarav et Nikolski)]的试验种群生命表参数结合在香梨园释放胡瓜钝绥螨控制害螨所取得防治效果。【结果】胡瓜钝绥螨能取食土耳其斯坦叶螨的各种螨态，世代存活率在19～31℃时为100%，33～34℃时仅为50%，总产卵量33～47粒/雌；19～34℃范围内土耳其斯坦叶螨产雌率为84.0～85.0%，胡瓜钝绥螨产雌率为56.1～58.3%，土耳其斯坦叶螨总卵量比胡瓜钝绥螨高出39.8～68.4%；在20、25和30℃的温度条件下，土耳其斯坦叶螨净增殖率（R0）分别比胡瓜钝绥螨高出103.1%、130.5%和120.3%；内禀增长率(rm)分别比胡瓜钝绥螨高出20.5%、33.7%和64.9%。【结论】因此根据香梨园中益害螨的生物学特性，同时结合果园环境，笔者提出了应用胡瓜钝绥螨控制害螨的策略。一般每年4月下旬～5月上旬，温度在15～30℃，每叶害螨少于2头（含卵）时，释放胡瓜钝绥螨才能达到预期的控制效果。生防园每年可减少农药使用次数6～7次，直至采果结束。     

葡萄糖酸锌用于艾叶护绿研究初报

以艾叶为试材,进行单因素、双向随机分组试验,研究葡萄糖酸锌浓度及处理介质,pH值对其护绿的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖酸锌用量及pH值对护绿作用影响分别达极显著差异水平(P<0.0001);葡萄糖酸锌浓度、pH值的不同水平搭配对护绿效果影响差异极显著;两因素对护绿影响存在极显著互作效应,葡萄糖酸锌浓度、pH值的水平搭配不同存在增强或削弱护绿效果的作用。     

臭柏的核型分析

臭柏（Ｓａｂｉｎａ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ）体细胞染色体数目为２ｎ＝２２,其核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝４ｎ（ｓｃ）＋１６ｍ＋２Ｍ,按Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ的核型分类原则,臭柏的核型属１Ａ型。