外生菌根真菌鳞柄白鹅膏的纯培养研究

鳞柄白鹅膏（毒伞）属于担子菌亚门、层菌纲、伞菌目、鹅膏科、鹅膏属,是一种有毒蘑菇,能与山毛榉形成外生菌根,作者开展了鳞柄白鹅膏的纯培养研究,考察并首次报道了不同培养基种类,C、N源、pH值及温度条件对人工培养的影响。     

鹅膏属种群分布格局研究

采用方差／均值比率法测定了鹅膏属种群的分布格局类型。结果表明，47个鹅膏属种群，有1／4属于集群分布类型，有3／4属于随机分布类型。随机分布的种群其聚集强度指标扩散型指数、丛生指数、聚块性指标和平均拥挤度多对1．0没有显著的偏离，负二项参数则较大；而聚集分布的种群其聚集强度指标则符合聚集特征。     

我国的几种剧毒鹅膏菌

在鹅膏属 (Ａｍａｎｉｔａ)真菌中 ,有的是重要的食用菌 ,有的有一定的毒性但误食并不致命 ,而有的则是剧毒的 ,误食常会危及生命。绿盖鹅膏〔Ａ .ｐｈａｌｌｏｉｄｅｓ (Ｆｒ.)Ｌｉｎｋ .〕、春生鹅膏〔Ａ .ｖｅｒｎａ(Ｂｕｌｌ.:Ｆｒ .)Ｌａｍａｒｃｋ〕和鳞柄鹅膏〔Ａ .ｖｉ     

灰花纹鹅膏的毒素及毒性研究初报

用抑酶法测定灰花纹鹅膏(Amanita fuliginea)子实体内的毒素,结果表明,灰花纹鹅膏菌所含毒素与毒鹅膏(Amanita Phalloides)所含毒素相近。小白鼠肌肉注射毒性试验表明,每只小白鼠注射1ml浓度为0.05g/ml的灰花纹鹅膏菌子实体水提液,6h内被测小白鼠全部死亡;若注射浓度在0.01g/ml以下,小白鼠有中毒症状而无死亡,说明该菌是一种剧毒鹅膏菌。     

Toxicological hazards of natural environments: Clinical reports from Poison Control Centre of Milan

The belief that approaching nature can enhance well-being, widely promoted by mass media, is widespread. People explore parks and forests searching for wild herbs, berries and mushrooms that could be used as food or medicines, thinking that all things natural are healthy and harmless while picking up toxic species or encountering a snake is not so infrequent. To point out the Italian cases concerning these natural poisons, all cases handled between 2001 and 2005 by Poison Control Centre of Milan, the leading toxicological centre in Italy, have been reviewed. Regarding plants, 4432 records were collected; the patients most frequently involved were children that had picked poisonous species at home, at school or in other public places, but the most serious cases were related to wild plants used by adults for health enhancement: three deaths were recorded. Among 4289 calls concerning mushrooms several life-threatening cases, 6 transplants and 9 deaths were recorded. Eventually, 2072 records connected to snake bites were collected, among them at least 1061 were related to Vipera spp.: three patients died. These accidents can lead to severe or lethal poisonings that, requiring intensive medical cares and antidotes, have also a social and economic cost to the National Health Service. A public information campaign should be promoted to make people more aware of the risks of these events and of the detrimental consequences that this could have. Some cases of poisonings have arisen due to incorrect information conveyed through radio, television, press and the Internet; we highlight the need for better control on the content of messages diffused through mass media.     

Effectiveness of Single and Combined Ectomycorrhizal Inocula on Three Species of Pinus at Nursery

The objective of this study was to determine individual and combined inoculation effects with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) (Amanita muscaria, AM; Suillus luteus, SL; and Amanita sp., AS) on seedling growth and P uptake of Pinus patula, P. oocarpa, and P. tecunumanii. Beneficial effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation depended on the plant species × inoculum combinations. In the case of P. patula, the benefit was evident only in P uptake and this occurred only when the three fungi were concomitantly applied. In P. tecunumanii, the effects were associated not only with P uptake but also with plant growth and not only with the triple inoculation but also with the individual (AS) and dual (AM + AS) inoculations. In P. oocarpa, AS inoculation enhanced both plant growth and P uptake, while AM inoculation only improved plant growth; triple and dual inoculation (SL+AM and SL+AS) also increased plant growth but not P uptake.     

鹅膏菌属研究进展

探讨了鹅膏菌属分类、毒素的分离、纯化及结构鉴定、毒素应用、菌丝体培养及菌根的人工合成等方面的研究进展．并阐述了其研究和应用前景。     

Amanita virosa对杨树烂皮病的抑制效果及其抑菌机理初探

将Amanita virosa用于杨树烂皮病的防治研究,依次做了A.virosa与病原菌Cytospora chryso-sperma的拮抗试验、A.virosa粗提液对C.chrysosperma的菌丝体及其孢子的抑制试验以及粗提液对杨树烂皮病病斑的抑制试验,结果表明对杨树烂皮病起主要抑制或预防作用的是A.virosa粗分离物Ⅳ;C.chrysosperma菌丝体的己糖激酶活力降低,丙酮酸激酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶和ATP酶活力提高,呼吸作用加快,产生大量的活性氧自由基,而且丙酮酸激酶活力和乳酸脱氢酶的活力提高使无氧呼吸加快,病原菌进行大量的无氧呼吸表现为缺氧;过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总超氧岐化酶的含量都极低,不能及时清除呼吸作用急剧加快产生的活性氧自由基,对体内生物分子产生损伤作用,随着A.virosa培养粗提液浓度的增加受影响程度加大。     

Inoculation of micropropagated plantlets of Eucalyptus tereticornis with ectomycorrhizal fungi

Micropropagated plantlets of Eucalyptus tereticornis at the root initiation stage were inoculated in vitro with Amanita murina, Hysterangium incarceratum, Laccaria laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius (3 isolates), Scleroderma cepa and S. flavidum in order to select the most compatible ectomycorrhizal partner. H. incarceratum and the two Scleroderma species did not form mycorrhizas with E. tereticornis. Two local isolates of P. tinctorius formed significantly more mycorrhizas than the other isolates tested. Plantlets with mycorrhizas formed by one of the local isolates of P. tinctorius were transplanted to the nursery where their growth significantly exceeded that of non-mycorrhizal plants.     

Amanita eijii——Amanita cokeri f.roseotincta的新名称

将Amanita cokeri f.roseotincta提升到种级，新名称为A.eijii（卷鳞鹅膏）。我国本种的标本曾被误定为A.rubescens或A.vittadinii，对此也作了订正。