香荚兰镰刀菌根腐病药剂毒力测定及幼根接种防治试验

在ＰＤＡ含毒介质上的试验表明,苯莱特（５０％ＷＰ）、多菌灵（５０％ＷＰ）、甲基托布津（７０％ＷＰ）抑菌效果最好,稀释３０万倍的药液对尖孢镰刀菌抑菌率分别为１００％、９１．９％、６７．９％,而粉锈灵（１５％ＷＰ）３０００倍液,抑菌率仅为７０．１％;苯莱特、粉锈灵１５００倍液对腐皮镰刀菌抑菌率仅为９４．４％和１４．０％。苯莱特和粉锈灵对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果明显高于腐皮镰刀菌。抑菌圈法试验,多菌灵、苯莱特５００～１０００倍液对腐皮菌的防效又优于尖孢镰刀菌,而粉锈灵对２种镰刀菌均不产生抑菌圈。香荚兰幼根接种药效试验,粉锈灵对尖孢镰刀菌防效最好（５６．６％）,多菌灵、甲基托布津次之（５１．６％、５０．９％）,而苯莱特较差（４０．４％）。粉锈灵１０００倍液浸泡１ｈ和盆栽施药,均对香荚兰幼根产生药害。     

西双版纳香荚兰根腐病发病规律研究

通过系统观察,香荚兰根腐病周年发生,随种植时间延长而病情累积增高。新增病根发病率增高在高温季节,而在低温干旱季节降低。根腐病发病率＜５０％的调查样方有１９．７％的表现出蔓叶发黄;发病率＞６０％的,则有９０％以上的蔓叶发黄,可以把发病率＜４０％作为该病的控制指标。田间管理好,根系发达,生长良好的园地,病情较轻。离体幼根接种试验表明,根尖和根毛区是病原主要的入侵部位。有１５％的幼根不感病,大多数感病根,病斑扩展到一定程度即停止活动,仅有１２％的根病斑发展到全根死亡。病斑扩展期为２～７ｄ,扩展速度为０．２～８．４ｍｍ／ｄ。     

苹果轮纹病菌与干腐病菌的研究

从不同品种、不同地点的苹果树上的轮纹斑、干腐斑及病枯枝取样,观察到苹果轮纹病菌与苹果干腐病菌的有性阶段的形态特征容易区分,无性阶段在形态特征上不易区分。经人工接种,两种病原菌在果实上引起的症状相同。经测定,两菌的生物学特性及酯酶同工酶有差异,两菌的菌丝能融合。     

大型真菌与立木腐朽

系统地介绍了大型真菌与立木腐朽的特点,包括大型真菌及立木腐朽的概念、立木腐朽的过程和分类、木腐菌的发病规律等;综述了主要的木腐菌和立木腐朽病及其研究进展;并在木腐菌的应用上进行详细的阐述。     

Variation of Pythium-induced cocoyam root rot severity in response to soil type

In Cameroon, andosols are suspected to be suppressive to cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) root rot disease (CRRD) caused by the Oomycete pathogen Pythium myriotylum. To determine factors involved in disease suppressiveness, andosols were studied in comparison to ferralsols known to be disease-conducive. Soil samples were collected from six sites of which three were in andosols around Mount Cameroon (Boteva, Njonji, and Ekona) and the three others in ferralsols (Bakoa, Lapkwang, and Nko’o canane). Greenhouse plant experiments were used to assess soil suppressiveness. Soils were artificially infested with two levels of P. myriotylum inoculum (100 and 300 mycelia strands g⁻¹ soil) prior to planting cocoyam. Disease severity was significantly higher in ferralsols than in andosols. Andosols partly lost their suppressiveness as a result of autoclaving and could recover suppressiveness following recolonisation by their original microflora. Soil microbial groups implicated in the disease suppression were investigated by assessing the effect of fungicide, bactericide, and pasteurisation on andosol suppressiveness. Andosols suppressiveness was significantly reduced following pasteurisation and treatment with fungicide and bactericide. The possible influence of microbial biomass on andosol suppressiveness was investigated by comparing microbial populations of suppressive andosols to those in andosols that had lost suppressiveness. A comparative analysis of suppressive and conducive soil properties was performed to identify soil variables, which may contribute to soil suppressiveness. Soil chemical analysis results showed that organic matter content was higher in andosols than in ferralsols. In addition, the content of mineral nutrients such as Ca, K, Mg and N, was higher in andosols than in ferralsols. These soil variables negatively correlated with disease severity. By contrast, sand and clay, which were higher in ferralsols than in andosols, were positively related to disease severity. This study has confirmed the suppressive nature of andosols from Mount Cameroon to CRRD. The results suggest that high organic matter content is likely mediating P. myriotylum suppression in andosols by improving soil structure, increasing soil nutrient content and microbial biomass, and sustaining microbial activity.     

金斧种衣剂防治大豆根腐病效果初报

通过在2003—2004年用金斧种衣剂(1:80、1:100、1:120、1:150)、35%多·克·福悬浮种衣剂(1:60)以及50%多菌灵可湿粉和50%福美双可湿粉包衣处理大豆种子。结果表明金斧种衣剂(1:80、1:100)在提高大豆出苗率、对根腐病防效、大豆产量方面都优于35%多·克·福悬浮种衣剂(1:60)包衣处理以及50%多菌灵可湿粉和50%福美双可湿粉两种单剂。在黑龙江省内的示范试验表明,金斧种衣剂防治大豆根腐病的效果平均达81.9%,平均增产15.8%。     

利用镰刀菌诱导玉米抗青枯病研究

利用来自不同寄主的 5个镰刀菌菌株 ,通过土壤诱导法对玉米青枯病主要致病菌Fusar iumgraminearum和Pythiumgraminicola分别进行诱导抗病性测定。供试 5种镰刀菌菌株均能诱导玉米抗青枯病。F1对P graminicola的诱导效果最好 ,用F1土壤诱导接种的诱导效果为 88%。F5对F .graminearum的诱导效果最好 ,用F5土壤诱导接种诱导效果达 10 0 %。免疫作用迟滞期及免疫作用持续时间测定结果表明 ,播前土壤诱导接种法效果好 ,持效期长 ,且能改善玉米农艺性状。土壤诱导接种法最佳迟滞期是 16d ,挑战后 6 3d诱导效果仍为 10 0 %。     

连作大豆土壤病原菌的分离及其致病性的研究

在微生物３大类群中,细菌总数在整个大豆生育期内占绝对优势,重茬低于正茬,花期、结荚期尤为明显;放线菌数量总体变幅不大,花期、成熟期重茬高于正茬,而苗期则相反;真菌数量变化很大,重茬高于正茬,花期最为显著。在连作大豆根际土壤中,有益真菌减少,有害真菌增加。将真菌优势菌群中的尖镰孢菌、半裸镰孢菌和粉红粘帚菌回接大豆,均产生不同程度的致病性,导致大豆根腐病的发生,花期前后（３８～５０ｄ）病症明显。３菌株毒素粗提物对大豆毒害性试验结果表明：大豆发芽率显著降低,植株生长受阻。     

日本落叶松根腐病病原丝核菌拮抗菌的研究

日本落叶松根腐病是由立枯丝核菌(RhizoctoriasalaniKhn.)引起的一种危害严重的侵染性病害,它腐烂树根,传染蔓延迅速。该病原还同时严重危害苗木,引起苗木大量发生立枯病。为了寻求一种有效抑制该病害的方法,从花盆土中分离到1株木霉菌(Trichodenmasp),采用对峙法研究其对丝核菌的抑菌作用。结果表明:该木霉菌株对丝核菌有明显的拮抗作用。将该菌株用于日本落叶松育苗和移栽生产中,可预防和减轻根腐病的发生。     

生长季苹果园冠层空气中斑点落叶病分生孢子飞散动态

通过对生长季苹果园冠层空气中苹果斑点落叶病菌分生孢子逐日和逐小时的捕捉，同时记载空气温度，相对湿度和降雨等气象数据，分析发现，6至7月份为整个生长季中孢子飞散的高峰期，影响孢子飞散的主要气象要素为降雨和风，一天中孢子飞散的动态是昼多夜少，9：00-22：00孢子飞散量占全天的87.2%，孢子飞散的最高峰为15：00-16：00，各小时孢子飞散与相对湿度呈显著负相关，而与温度呈显著正相关。