电子技术实践教学中创新能力的培养

培养学生的创新能力是一个复杂的系统工程,它需要各学科密切协调,需要教师全员参与。本文阐述了在电子技术实践教学中,通过改革基础实验教学和课程设计,开放实验室等教学途径,有效的提高学生的实践能力,培养学生的创新意识和创新能力。     

立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的研发及质量检测分析

介绍了我国立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的发展,简述立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的组成、工作原理和优越性,分析质量检测及立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机技术的发展,展望制定行业标准的预期效果。     

从协同教育看日本文学精品课程群的建立

日本文学课程作为日语专业高年级阶段课程,在日语专业人才培养中占有重要地位。文章拟从协同教育理论角度出发,探讨日本文学精品课程群的创建模式,旨在为日益繁盛的日本文学课程教学改革模式研究提供可行性参考。     

添加剂对不同比例豆禾混贮饲料品质的影响

本试验以豆禾混播牧草为原料,研究蔗糖、复合菌和蔗糖+复合菌3种添加剂对混贮饲料品质的影响。结果表明:添加剂可明显降低混贮饲料的pH值,同时增加乳酸含量,降低氨态氮与总氮之间的比例,起到改善豆禾混贮饲料品质的作用。青贮发酵后,W12组合pH值为3.78,氨态氮与总氮的比为6.14%,乳酸含量高,达8.45%,发酵品质较好。     

基于案例推理的产品质量安全风险评估研究

为了建立健全产品质量安全风险管理体系，加强产品质量安全风险预警的要求，同时最大程度地利用过去成功的风险评估案例，构建了基于案例推理的产品质量安全风险评估系统。针对某种产品，根据专家的知识建立风险评估指标体系，并将每个评估指标赋权重，计算与案例库中的各个案例相似度，寻找出最大相似度案例，据此，辅助相关人员对目标案例进行风险分析与评估。     

A review of visual soil evaluation techniques for soil structure

Soil structure forms a key component of soil quality, and its assessment by semi‐quantitative visual soil evaluation (VSE) techniques can help scientists, advisors and farmers make decisions regarding sampling and soil management. VSE techniques require inexpensive equipment and generate immediate results that correlate well with quantitative measurements of physical and biochemical properties, highlighting their potential utility. We reviewed published VSE techniques and found that soils of certain textures present problems and a lack of research into the influence of soil moisture content on VSE criteria. Generally, profile methods evaluate process interactions at specific locations within a field, exploring both intrinsic aspects and anthropogenic impacts. Spade methods focus on anthropogenic characteristics, providing rapid synopses of soil structure over wider areas. Despite a focus on structural form, some methods include criteria related to stability and resiliency. Further work is needed to improve existing methods regarding texture influences, on‐farm sampling procedures and more holistic assessments of soil structure.     

基于GIS的土壤肥力质量综合评价——以天然云冷杉针阔混交林为例

以吉林汪清林业局金沟岭林场中41块天然云冷杉针阔混交林样地为对象,采用主成分-聚类分析,结合GIS技术,对该区域土壤肥力质量进行综合评价。结果表明,按主成分-聚类分析结果将41块样地分为4类:第1类土壤肥力质量综合得分为11.17~18.86(优),包括5块样地;第2类土壤肥力质量综合得分为3.01~7.44(良),包括8块样地;第3类土壤肥力质量综合得分为-6.97~1.27(一般),包括24块样地;第4类土壤肥力质量综合得分为-12.40~-9.63(差),包括4块样地。然后采用Arc GIS软件对综合得分进行普通Kriging插值,其标准均方根预测为0.9544,在1的附近,这基本达到插值精度的要求。从生成的研究区土壤肥力质量综合得分空间分布图来看,森林土壤肥力质量由西向东呈现先降低后升高的趋势;由北向南,森林土壤肥力质量变化幅度逐步减小,表明研究区南部土壤肥力质量变化较北部均匀。就研究区的整体土壤肥力质量而言,土壤肥力质量中等以上(优,良,一般)样地数占所研究区样地总数比例为90.24%,表明所研究区森林土壤肥力质量整体处于良好水平。     

Efficient reduction of biomass,seed and season long pollen production of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is a noxious plant that not only is a troublesome agronomic weed that causes economic damage to agricultural crops but also − and even more importantly − causes severe health problems due to its severe allergenicity. The pollen of invasive ragweed has become a major allergenic risk factor in urban areas in newly occupied regions. Many urban areas prohibit herbicide application; thus, mowing is the most widely used control measure. Counting pollen is labour intensive; therefore, pollen production data are mainly based on estimations. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different mowing scenarios, plant density and cutting height on the biomass, pollen production and seed production of common ragweed plants. Ragweed plants were mown twice: just before the flowering of terminal racemes (BBCH 59) and when the flowers of the re-sprouting lateral shoots reached BBCH 59. A 1- to 3-cm cutting height produced the greatest pollen reduction compared to that of intact control plants (94%) based on a season-long pollen collection. The number of female flowers also significantly decreased (97%). Compared to the control, the onset of pollen discharge was delayed by 5 weeks and the length of the pollen discharge period decreased from 9 to 4 weeks. The season-long unique and reproducible pollen production data can be integrated with airborne pollen modelling and population management strategies.     

白石水库水源富营养化评价及供水可靠性分析

本文在对白石水库水源富营养化进行评价的基础上,对水库供水可靠性进行了分析.从现状水质评价结果看,白石水库的水质满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅲ类用水水质要求,可以作为集中式生活饮用水水源地和工业用水水源地.经过水量调节计算,可知白石水库供水水质是可靠的.     

Soil enzyme activities during the 2011 Texas record drought/heat wave and implications to biogeochemical cycling and organic matter dynamics

Extreme droughts and heat waves due to climate change may have permanent consequences on soil quality and functioning in agroecosystems. During November 2010 to August 2011, the Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas, U.S., a large cotton producing area, received only 39.6 mm of precipitation (vs. the historical avg. of 373 mm) and experienced the hottest summer since record keeping began in 1911. Several enzyme activities (EAs) important in biogeochemical cycling were evaluated in two soils (a loam and a sandy loam at 0–10 cm) with a management history of monoculture (continuous cotton) or rotation (cotton and sorghum or millet). Samplings occurred under the most extreme drought and heat conditions (July 2011), after precipitation resulted in a reduction in a drought severity index (March 2012), and 12 months after the initial sampling (July 2012; loam only). Eight out of ten EAs, were significantly higher in July 2011 compared to March 2012 for some combinations of soil type and management history. Among these eight EAs, enzymes key to C (β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase) and P cycling (phosphodiesterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases) were significantly higher (19–79%) in July 2011 than in March 2012 for both management histories regardless of the soil type (P > 0.05). When comparing all sampling times, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartase and urease (rotation only) showed this trend: July 2011 > March 2012 > July 2012. Activities of phosphodiesterase, acid phosphatase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase were higher in July 2011 than July 2012 in at least one of the two management histories. Total C was reduced significantly from July 2011 to March 2012 in the rotation for both soils. Only the activities of arylsulfatase (avg. 36%) and asparaginase showed an increase from July 2011 to March 2012 for both soil types, which may indicate they have a different origin/location than the other enzymes. EAs continued to be a fingerprint of the soil management history (i.e., higher EAs in the rotation than in monoculture) during the drought/heat wave. This study provided some of the first evidence of the adverse effects of a natural, extreme drought and heat wave on soil quality in agroecosystems as indicated by EAs involved in biogeochemical cycling.