IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS IN A DOG

A young dog was presented for cyanosis and right heart failure. Radiographic and CT characteristics included right heart/pulmonary artery enlargement, hepatomegaly, abdominal effusion, and severe, generalized air‐space filling. Focal increased opacities were present in the peripheral lung, as were multiple pulmonary blebs and bullae. Echocardiographic findings were consistent with cor pulmonale and pulmonary hypertension. Bronchoscopic findings were consistent with chronic inflammation. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) was confirmed at necropsy. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an interstitial lung disease that results in accumulation of phospholipoproteinaceous material and should be included as a differential diagnosis for dogs with these clinical and imaging characteristics.     

密集烘烤过程中烟叶温度与烟叶形变的相关性

[目的]探究烟叶烘烤过程中烟叶温度与烟叶形变的相关性。[方法]使用烤烟叶温测量仪对整个烘烤过程中烟叶温度进行实时测量并自动记录,每隔9 h对烟叶形变数值进行测量记录。[结果]试验表明,烤烟烘烤过程中叶温与烟叶形变呈正相关,厚度收缩率大于横向收缩率大于纵向收缩率,且各收缩率在叶温达到41.7℃后明显增大。[结论]叶温可以真实反映烟叶的温度情况,叶温与烟叶形变规律对烘烤过程中烟叶形变判断具有指导作用。     

空气能热泵烤房与传统密集烤房烟叶烘烤成本及质量对比研究

[目的]寻找一种更安全、环保、节能的烤烟烘烤方法.[方法]研究分析空气能热泵烤房和传统密集烤房进行烟叶烘烤的烟叶烘烤成本及烤后烟叶质量.[结果]试验表明,在烟叶部位和含水量相似的情况下,空气能热泵烤房烘烤的烟叶可节省烘烤成本0.40元/kg以上;空气能热泵烤房烘烤的烟叶烤后烟叶外观质量优于燃煤方式烘烤的烟叶;空气能烤房不会产生废气、废渣,避免了环境污染.[结论]利用空气能热泵烤房进行烟叶烘烤可减轻劳动强度,降低烘烤成本,同时实现节能环保.     

Dynamics of upward and downward N2O and CO2 fluxes in ploughed or no-tilled soils in relation to water-filled pore space, compaction and crop presence

Sharp peaks in nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes under no-tillage in wet conditions appear to be related to near surface soil and crop cover conditions. Here we explored some of the factors influencing tillage effects on short-term variations in gas flux so that we could learn about the mechanisms involved. Field investigations revealed that a cumulative emission of 13 kg N₂O–N ha⁻¹ over a 12-week period was possible under no-tillage for spring barley. We investigated how reducing crop cover and changing the structural arrangement of the water-filled pore space (WFPS) by short-term laboratory compaction influenced N₂O and carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes in upward and downward directions in core samples from tilled and untilled soil. Increasing the downward flux of N₂O within a soil profile by changing soil or moisture conditions may increase the likelihood of its further reduction to N₂ or dissolution. We took undisturbed cores from 3 to 8 cm depth, equilibrated them to −1 or −6 kPa matric potential, incubated them and measured N₂O and CO₂ fluxes from the upper and lower surfaces in a purpose-designed apparatus before and after compaction in an uniaxial tester. We also measured WFPS, air permeability, bulk density and air-filled porosity before and after compaction. Spring barley was tested in 1999 and winter barley in 2000.Fluxes of N₂O were from 1.5 to 35 times higher from no-tilled than ploughed even where the soil was of similar bulk density. Reduction of the crop cover increased CO₂ flux and could reduce N₂O flux. The effects of structural changes induced by laboratory compaction on the fluxes of N₂O and CO₂ were not influenced greatly by the tillage and crop cover treatments. Fluxes from the upper surfaces of cores (corresponding to 3 cm soil depth, upwards direction) could be up to 100 times greater (N₂O) or 8 times (CO₂) than from the lower surfaces (8 cm depth, downwards direction). These differences between surfaces were greatest when N₂O fluxes were very high in no-tilled soil (4.2 mg N₂O–N m⁻² h⁻¹) as occurred when WFPS exceeded 80% or became blocked with water, an effect that was increased by our compaction treatment. In general N₂O fluxes increased with WFPS. The production and emission of N₂O were strongly influenced by the soil physical environment, the magnitude of the water-filled pore space and continuity of the air-filled pore space in particular, produced in no-till versus plough cultivation.     

富水条件下不同供氮水平对小麦光合作用与空气温湿度关系的影响

对田间环境土壤富水条件下不同供氮处理小麦光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片水分利用率和气孔导度的分析测定表明,增施氮肥有助于扩大高光合速率分布的空气温湿度范围,显著抑制高温低湿对叶片蒸腾的促进作用,提高叶片水分利用率,提高叶温。土壤富水条件下,合适的施氮量应在90～180kg hm-2之间。     

楼房养猪空气过滤系统设计与应用

土地成本在集约化养殖总成本中占比越来越高,尤其是在城镇化大背景之下。如何显著提高养猪场土地利用率,摊平综合成本,提高土地亩均产出,是整个行业都在考虑的问题。2019年12月17日,自然资源部、农业农村部在《自然资源部农业农村部关于设施农业用地管理有关问题的通知》中指出:"养殖设施允许建设多层建筑",使楼房养猪得到政策支持,但是,配套的楼房养猪空气过滤系统成为亟待解决的问题。文章汲取既往养猪场空气过滤系统设计、应用中积累的经验,为楼房养猪空气过滤系统方案作出综合探究,阐述楼房养猪空气过滤系统设计的理论依据,以及实际应用中需要注意的问题,为逐步实现楼房养猪空气过滤系统标准化提供思路。     

Historical change in coastal sage scrub in southern California,USA in relation to fire frequency and air pollution

Invasions resulting in the transformation of one ecosystem to another are an increasingly widespread phenomenon. While it is clear that these conversions, particularly between grassland and shrubland systems, have severe consequences, it is often less clear which factors are associated with these conversions. We resampled plots from the 1930s (Weislander VTMs) to test whether two widely assumed factors, changes in fire frequency and nitrogen deposition, are associated with the conversion of coastal sage scrublands to exotic grasslands in southern California. Over the 76-year period, coastal sage scrub cover declined by 49%, being replaced predominantly by exotic grassland species. Grassland encroachment was positively correlated with increased fire frequency and, in areas with low fire frequencies, air pollution (percent fossil carbon as indicated by ∂¹⁴C, likely correlated with nitrogen deposition). We conclude that increases in fire frequency and air pollution over the last several decades in southern California may have facilitated the conversion of coastal sage shrubland to exotic grassland systems.     

Air pollution removal by urban forests in Canada and its effect on air quality and human health

Urban trees perform a number of ecosystem services including air pollution removal, carbon sequestration, cooling air temperatures and providing aesthetic beauty to the urban landscape. Trees remove air pollution by intercepting particulate matter on plant surfaces and absorbing gaseous pollutants through the leaf stomata. Computer simulations with local environmental data reveal that trees in 86 Canadian cities removed 16,500 tonnes (t) of air pollution in 2010 (range: 7500–21,100 t), with human health effects valued at 227.2 million Canadian dollars (range: $52.5–402.6 million). Annual pollution removal varied among cities and ranged up to 1740 t in Vancouver, British Columbia. Overall health impacts included the avoidance of 30 incidences of human mortality (range: 7–54) and 22,000 incidences of acute respiratory symptoms (range: 7900–31,100) across these cities.     

热泵干燥过程PID加Fuzzy温调的应用与实验

研究了一种热泵干燥系统,由制冷机的冷凝器提供热量,过程的温控全用ＰＩＤ控制和模糊（Ｆｕｚｚｙ）调节相结合的方法,实验ＰＩＤ调节和ＰＩＤ加Ｆｕｚｚｙ调节进行了比较,证明后者温度过冲减小,振荡减小,过渡时间缩短,恒温平稳,可以达到较满意的效果。     

PSB菌剂在淡水养殖中的研究现状分析

PSB菌剂 (即光合细菌制剂 )是一种营养丰富的环保型饲料添加剂 ,具有可净化水质 ,防治鱼病 ,维持生态平衡 ,减少二次污染等优点 ,颇受养殖业者的欢迎。合理使用该菌剂 ,将在水产养殖中发挥巨大作用。