离体培养植物细胞的表面与农杆菌介导基因转化频率的研究

以玉米、黑麦、烟草为材料 ,对细胞表面进行了扫描电镜观察 ,研究了离体培养植物细胞的细胞壁外表面的结构及其变化与农杆菌介导转化频率之间的关系。正常继代培养的烟草细胞 ,其细胞壁外表面光滑 ,大部分细胞在扫描电镜下坍陷或皱折 ;经处理用于农杆菌介导转化的烟草细胞 ,其表面有很多颗粒状突起和纤丝状物或纤丝状网 ;光滑的表面很少见到菌 ,而粗糙表面则有很多菌。玉米和黑麦愈伤组织中 ,浅黄色、疏松易散的胚性细胞团 ,其表面细胞有很多未坍陷 ,相当一部分未坍陷细胞的细胞壁外表面与烟草细胞一样 ,具有很多较小的颗粒状突起和纤丝状物或纤丝状网 ;白色松软的愈伤组织 ,其外层细胞大多坍陷或呈柱状 ,未坍陷细胞的表面光滑 ,有些似有一层膜状物。对植物细胞壁上的农杆菌结合位点和基因转化频率进行了讨论     

小麦农杆菌转化系统的建立与转基因植株的获得

针对农杆菌转化系统的诸多影响因素进行了系统研究，建立了有效的小麦农杆菌转化系统；利用石4185、石6365的花药愈伤组织为受体，进行了甜菜碱醛脱氢酶和胆碱氧化物酶等目的基因的转化研究。     

根癌农杆菌介导玉米遗传转化的研究进展

对根癌农杆菌介导的玉米基因转化中包括外植体、基本培养基及其附加物、共培养温度、信号分子与vir基因的活化的几个关键因素研究进展作了论述。近年来的研究发现，大小为1~2mm的幼胚是较为理想的转化外植体，在外植体培养基本培养基一般多选用MS和N6，在基本培养基上附加有机氮和氨基酸、金属离子均有利于转化效率的提高。转化中的共培养温度一般在200C~250C之间。研究认为根癌农杆菌转化禾本科植物的困难在于禾本科植物缺乏酚类物质，难以诱导Vir基因活化表达，因此在转化中多采用加入外源的酚类物质如乙酰丁香酮来提高玉米转化的成功率。     

A melon genotype with superior competence for regeneration and transformation

Transformation efficiency of melon is low and is still regarded as a challenge. In this paper, the regeneration and transformation response of ‘BU‐21/3′, a newly characterized melon breeding line, is described. The line seems to be superior in this regard to previously evaluated genotypes. Agrobacterium‐mediated delivery of the GUS or GFP reporter genes into cotyledon explants was used to evaluate efficiency of transient and stable transformation. Good transient expression was observed, and stable transformation frequencies of 0.4‐1.5 transgenic shoots per explant were obtained. Transgenic plantlets were transferred to a contained greenhouse as early as 8‐10 weeks after transformation. Transgenic plants are fertile and exhibit a true‐to‐type phenotype. The ‘BU‐21/3’ line may become a useful tool for the facilitation of transgenic breeding in melon.     

Introduction of new traits into cotton through genetic engineering: insect resistance as example

The main goal of gene transfer into cotton is the development of insect-resistant varieties. The stakes are important since cotton protection against insects uses almost 24% of the world's chemical insecticides market, which is not without consequences on the environment. The first approach was to introduce and express in the cotton genome, genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) which produces entomopathogenic toxins. The development of an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system was the first step. The expression of B.t. genes was studied and synthetic genes more adapted to a plant genome have been constructed. Studies on their expression in cotton is underway. The second focus was to develop strategies that would minimize the risks of inducing insect resistance. The main approach is to associate several genes coding for entomopathogenic proteins with different modes of action. Genes encoding protease inhibitors were chosen. One possibility is to associate a B.t. gene and a gene encoding a protease inhibitor. Several protease inhibitors were tested in artificial diets on major pests of cotton. The corresponding genes have been introduced into the cotton genome. These various orientations of the research program will be presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

农杆菌介导的马铃薯试管薯遗转化体系的优化及反义class Ⅰ patatin基因的导入

用两个马铃薯栽培品种“鄂马铃薯3号”和“甘农薯2号”的试管薯为供体材料，建立了一种农杆菌介导的简单、快速和高效的遗传转化系统。在含有75mg／L卡那霉素的选择培养基上，2～3周可产生抗性芽，4～5周获得完整的转基因植株。筛选出了试管薯遗传转化的优化条件，特别是在再生培养基中加入2mg／L玉米素，两个品种的转化频率分别高达45．5％和43．9％。周期短(4～5周)、一步培养和转化频率高，使该转化体系能够广泛用于马铃薯转基因的研究。用含有反义class Ⅰ patatin基因的表达载体pBSAP转化两个品种，共获得120株卡那霉素抗性植株。PCR、PCR-Southern和Northern杂交分析证明，此反义基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中并在转基因植株中正常转录。反义基因的表达导致部分转基因植株的试管结薯株率和单株结薯数降低。结果表明，该class Ⅰ patatin基因可能参与了块茎形成的调控。     

发根农杆菌介导的向日葵遗传转化

本研究首次报道了发根农杆菌介导的向日葵遗传转化和毛状根形成的优化条件。由发根农杆菌诱导向日葵子叶和下胚轴形成的根在含卡那霉素（200 mg/L，kanamycin）的选择培养基(1/2 MS)上选择，12 d后存活的根转到无激素培养基上能快速生长，经分子检测证实其为毛状根。同时着重研究了不同诱导条件对向日葵毛状根形成的影响。结果发现适用于毛状根形成的最优条件为菌株R1205，菌液浓度（OD₆₀₀）1.0，15 min感染，共培养3 d，培养基pH 6.5，30 μmol/L乙酰丁香酮（acetosyingone）。在此条件下，子叶和下胚轴的毛状根形成率分别达到23.7％和81.6％。     

Field evaluation of antisense RNA mediated inhibition of GBSS gene expression in potato

Summary Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) catalyses the synthesis of amylose in starch granules. Analysis of antisense RNA mediated inhibition of GBSS gene expression in large numbers of tubers from in vitro grown, greenhouse grown and field grown transgenic potato plants revealed stable and total inhibition of GBSS gene expression in one clone. In three other transgenic genotypes partial and unstable inhibition was found. In these genotypes both GBSS activity and amylose content were remarkably reduced compared with the non-transformed control genotype. No relationship was found between the level of inhibition of GBSS gene expression and yield and dry matter content.     

腹泻抗原融合基因CTB-CS3对胡萝卜的遗传转化

CS3是CFA(产肠毒素型大肠杆菌引起腹泻时产生两类毒性因子之一)阳性株的保护性抗原。临床研究结果表明,以CS3作为疫苗可有效地防止由相关细菌导致的腹泻(董自正等,     

玉米胚性愈伤组织继代及侵染条件的优化

设计了含有不同2,4-D浓度的6种培养基用于玉米胚性愈伤组织的继代培养,对影响转化效率的侵染条件进行了研究,根据转化后所得的抗性愈伤组织数目及其分化率的评估结果表明,选用N6为基本培养基,添加1mg/L 2,4-D时,胚性愈伤组织继代长势较好,且在真空渗透的情况下,侵染5min,抗性愈伤组织数最多。经初步的PCR鉴定,利用优化的玉米遗传转化体系得到了转基因玉米植株。