推进中国农业信息化发展的思路探讨

通过对国内外农业信息化发展现状的分析,以及对国外农业信息化发展令人瞩目的成就和国内农业信息技术研究与推广应用状况的概述,提出了中国农业信息化存在的主要问题是农业信息体系建设尚属起步阶段、农业信息资源开发利用不成熟、农业信息服务机制不健全。根据中国农业目前实际情况分析,指出了中国农业经济发展模式的最佳选择是信息化,农业信息化是中国农业发展的未来方向,强调实现中国农业信息化的迫切性和重要性以及并探讨了实现中国农业信息化的发展战略、技术路线。     

关于打造农业精品期刊的思考

详细分析了制约农业精品期刊产生的主要因素,提出通过采取树立品牌意识,明确刊物定位,突出办刊特色,打造一支高素质复合型的人才队伍,发展集团化经营等系列措施,打造农业精品期刊。     

农业标准化生产及其管理系统开发平台研究

分析中国农业标准化生产现状，发现其中存在的问题，提出与农业信息技术结合是解决问题的途径之一。而专家系统开发工具（平台）是农业信息技术的关键技术之一，它作为一种开发专家系统的通用工具，使农业领域专家无需掌握过多的编程知识就能建造性能良好的专家系统，从而能有效克服目前农业标准化生产中存在的问题。基于此介绍了将农业标准化生产和专家系统开发平台结合起来建立农业标准化生产管理系统开发平台的建立基础、设计思路、技术路线以及平台功能，并阐述了农业标准化生产管理系统开发平台的应用前景。     

Ancient Polyploidy and Modem Crop Plants

The growing set of fully-sequenced angiosperm genomes highlight the role of polyploidy in angiosperm evolution, and suggest that even the high level of importance we had already attributed to this mechanism was inadequate. Gene loss following whole-genome duplication events has contributed much to the incongruities that we observe in comparative genetic maps, and presumably has also contributed to functional divergence of taxa. Ancient genome duplication has several consequences for levels and patterns of variation in modern plant populations, in particular contributing to the relatively conservative evolution of duplicated genes even at distant locations from one another in the genome. Comparison of gene retention/loss following independent whole-genome duplication events suggests patterns that may be relevant to the survival and productivity of newly-formed polyploids, with numerous implications for crop improvement.     

Carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe

In this review, technical and economically viable potentials for carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe by 2008-2012 are analysed against a business-as-usual scenario. We provide a quantitative estimation of the carbon absorption potential per hectare and the surface of agricultural land that is available and suitable for the implementation of those measures, their environmental effects as well as the effects on farm income. Realistically, agricultural soils in EU-15 can sequester up to 16-19 Mt C year⁻¹ during the first Kyoto commitment period (2008-2012), which is less than one fifth of the theoretical potential and equivalent to 2% of European anthropogenic emissions. We identified as most promising measures: the promotion of organic inputs on arable land instead of grassland, the introduction of perennials (grasses, trees) on arable set-aside land for conservation or biofuel purposes, to promote organic farming, to raise the water table in farmed peatland, and—with restrictions—zero tillage or conservation tillage. Many options have environmental benefits but some risk of increasing N₂O emissions. For most measures it is impossible to determine the overall impact on farm profitability. Efficient carbon sequestration in agricultural soils demands a permanent management change and implementation concepts adjusted to local soil, climate and management features in order to allow selection of areas with high carbon sequestering potential. Some of the present agricultural policy schemes have probably helped to maintain carbon stocks in agricultural soils.     

基于GIS的农业景观格局变化研究——以福建省漳浦县马坪镇为例

应用GIS技术研究农业景观格局变化结果表明,福建省漳浦县马坪镇整体景观多样性指数降低,优势度指数和均匀度指数增加。景观类型变化显示生活和生产类景观不断增多,破碎化程度不断加大,而生态防护类景观不断减少,优势度指数下降,这种景观格局的变化与区域农业发展实际相吻合。     

Conservation in a changing world: <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> conservation of the giant maize of Jala

Using survey data from Jala, Mexico, this case-study evaluates in situ maize conservation of the variety ‘Jala’ (Zea mays L.). Though historically ‘Jala’ was the dominant variety grown in the valley of Jala, today less than 20% of farmers grow it on only 5% of the maize area. Younger growers of the ‘Jala’ variety specialize in it, growing relatively large amounts for niche markets. Older, diversified farmers grow small areas for household use and to compete in a local contest. Conservation of the ‘Jala’ variety has been heavily influenced by shifting ideal concepts of maize, as determined by market and consumption demands and by a contest designed to promote in situ conservation. The current move away from nationalized purchasing may favor ‘Jala’s’ continued conservation.     

长城沿线农牧交错带生态环境恢复重建SD模型研究

应用系统动力学理论研究建立了长城沿线农牧交错带生态环境恢复与重建SD模型 ,并应用该模型对该区强化治理型、协调发展型和传统经营型 3种典型治理模式进行仿真研究结果表明 ,强化治理模式为农牧交错带生态环境治理最佳模式 ,可使农林牧协调持续发展 ,土壤侵蚀量减少 76 .1% ,生态环境趋向良性循环。     

Accessing genetic resources: international law establishes multilateral system

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is rapidly gathering sufficient ratifications to become international law. Once it enters into force, it will define the rules for access and benefit-sharing associated with most genetic resources of major food crops. This paper explains how the new Multilateral System established by the Treaty will work, and points out a number of ambiguities and problems in the text. Despite these shortcomings, the Treaty provides the international community of researchers, plant breeders, and farmers with an opportunity to foster cooperation and further the conservation and use of plant genetic resources.     

北京市郊农业生态环境的工程对策研究

农业生态环境的保护是农业生产获得持续发展的重要基础条件之一。在调查研究北京市郊农业生产和农业废弃物基本情况基础上,针对主要农业废弃物给生态环境造成的影响与危害,分析研究了将其进行处理、利用的各种可操作性工程对策,以期不断改善京郊的农业生态环境,推动农业持续发展。