企业社会责任信息披露的研究文献述评

通过对国内外社会责任信息披露理论和实证研究的综述,分析了企业社会责任信息披露研究取得的进展,指出该研究为企业社会责任信息披露制度的建立搭建了良好的理论平台。     

A multi-analysis approach for space–time and economic evaluation of risks related with livestock diseases: The example of FMD in Peru

This study presents a multi-disciplinary decision-support tool, which integrates geo-statistics, social network analysis (SNA), spatial-stochastic spread model, economic analysis and mapping/visualization capabilities for the evaluation of the sanitary and socio-economic impact of livestock diseases under diverse epidemiologic scenarios. We illustrate the applicability of this tool using foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Peru as an example. The approach consisted on a flexible, multistep process that may be easily adapted based on data availability. The first module (mI) uses a geo-statistical approach for the estimation (if needed) of the distribution and abundance of susceptible population (in the example here, cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and camelids) at farm-level in the region or country of interest (Peru). The second module (mII) applies SNA for evaluating the farm-to-farm contact patterns and for exploring the structure and frequency of between-farm animal movements as a proxy for potential disease introduction or spread. The third module (mIII) integrates mI–II outputs into a spatial-stochastic model that simulates within- and between-farm FMD-transmission. The economic module (mIV) connects outputs from mI–III to provide an estimate of associated direct and indirect costs. A visualization module (mV) is also implemented to graph and map the outputs of module I–IV. After 1000 simulated epidemics, the mean (95% probability interval) number of outbreaks, infected animals, epidemic duration, and direct costs were 37 (1, 1164), 2152 (1, 13, 250), 63 days (0, 442), and US$ 1.2 million (1072, 9.5 million), respectively. Spread of disease was primarily local (<4.5 km), but geolocation and type of index farm strongly influenced the extent and spatial patterns of an epidemic. The approach is intended to support decisions in the last phase of the FMD eradication program in Peru, in particular to inform and support the implementation of risk-based surveillance and livestock insurance systems that may help to prevent and control potential FMD virus incursions into Peru.     

基于GIS的澳洲坚果在云南适宜种植区划分研究

为促进云南省澳洲坚果产业持续发展,利用GIS技术将7个气候要素和DEM网格图叠加分析,划分澳洲坚果在云南种植的最适宜、次适宜和不适宜区。结果表明,最适宜区面积57 939 km²,占云南省国土面积的14.7%;次适宜区面积63 977 km²,占云南省国土面积的16.2%。澳洲坚果可种植区域为文山州、红河州、普洱市、德宏州、临沧市、保山市、西双版纳州及玉溪南部地区,主要为云南热带、亚热带地区的河谷地带、低海拔山地区域。     

论生物多样性与建设海南国际旅游岛的关系

经过多年的研究和实践,人们已深刻地认识到,海南省的发展战略应该积极发展服务型、开放型和生态型经济,形成以旅游业为龙头、以现代服务业为主导的特色经济结构。显然要实现这个宏伟的目标,生物多样性的保护和持续利用就是最根本和最关键的问题。如果作为生态旅游基本资源的季节性雨林、红树林、海洋生物资源和农业生物多样性被毁,一切都将是一纸空文。本文就拟简略地探讨一下有关这些方面的问题,并提出一些建议供有关方面参考。     

Genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native chickens based on complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity and possible origin of Bangladeshi (BD) native chickens. The complete mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 60 chickens representing five populations; naked neck, full feathered, Aseel, Hilly and autosomal dwarf. The 61 reference sequences representing different domestic chicken clades in China, India, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, and other Eurasian regions were included. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of five BD populations were analysed.

2. A total of 35 polymorphic sites, and 21 haplotypes were detected in 60 mtDNA D-loop sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the five populations were 0.921 ± 0.018 and 0.0061 ± 0.0019, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analysis indicated four clades (four haplogroups) in BD populations (21 haplotypes) along with 61 reference haplotypes. Clade E contained the most individuals (20) and haplotypes (11) of BD chickens, followed by clade D (17, 6), clade C (12, 2) and clade F (11, 2), respectively.

3. The higher number of unique haplotypes found in Yunnan, China, suggested that the origin of BD chickens was in this region. The haplotypes from different haplogroups were introduced in Bangladeshi chickens from India, China and Myanmar. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship of BD chickens with the clusters from India, China, Myanmar and Laos, and indicated the dispersion of BD chickens from these sources. The phylogenetic information revealed high genetic diversity of BD chickens because of their origin from different lineages with high genetic variation and distance, which was determined from four cluster and neighbour-joining trees.

4. In conclusion, BD populations had high genetic diversity. The mtDNA network profiles and phylogenetic trees showed multiple maternal origins of BD chickens from India, China, Myanmar and Laos.     

农业结构调整与传统蚕丝业的振兴

“东桑西移”是我国蚕丝产业结构的大调整。城市工业化已经使东部蚕区急剧萎缩和衰老，而人为措施使西部蚕区出现徒长和缺钙症。只有通过结构调整，实现东部地区的蚕业产业化，依托精品基地，挖掘潜力，才能保持东部蚕区的可持续发展。西部蚕区要借鉴东部经验，积极引进新技术、新品种和新方法，高起点建设蚕桑基地，切忌盲目发展，积极开发蚕丝业高新技术，实现东西部蚕区的合理布局和强强联合，共同振兴我国传统的蚕丝产业。     

采摘机器人位置校正方法研究——基于无线传感网络和超带宽调频方法

超带宽雷达是新近出现的一种高分辨率雷达,当信号带宽和其发射中心频率的比大于0.25时,就被称作超带宽,带宽越大,雷达对目标的分辨能力越高。超带宽雷达具有高分辩能力,如果将其使用在采摘机器人定位导航系统中,可以有效地提高采摘机器人的定位导航精度和效率。为此,提出了一种基于无线传感网络和超带宽调频技术的采摘机器人位置校正方法,并以实际采摘环境作为研究对象,对采摘机器人的位置校正过程进行了测试。测试结果表明:采用超带宽调频无线传感网络方法,定位校正精度要高于传统的定位算法,且定位效率高,对于新型自动化采摘作业机器人的研究具有重要的指导意义。     

基于JAVA的WebGIS森林资源信息管理方法探讨

比较WebGIS 5种实现方式的优劣,并给出基于Java技术的WebGIS框架,讨论了WebGIS在森林资源管理中的应用。     

基于电子商务的网络财务管理探悉

电子商务的蓬勃发展给企业管理带来巨大冲击，财务管理作为企业管理链条上的重要一环，其管理模式也因此而发生了重大变革。文中首先介绍了网络财务管理产生的背景及其概念，讨论了网络财务管理的优势所在，明确了网络财务管理产生和发展的技术基础，重点对网络财务管理的开发与实施展开了探讨。