利用APF-Ⅰ型化学引诱剂监测松褐天牛种群动态的研究

本研究选择在松褐天牛疫区湖北宜昌夷陵黄花镇、鸦鹊岭镇和武汉黄陂进行,通过使用APF-Ⅰ型化学引诱剂,监测松褐天牛种群动态变化,研究海拔高度差异和诱捕量的关系,以期为防治松褐天牛提供理论依据.结果表明,在宜昌夷陵黄花镇和鸦鹊岭镇,雌虫诱捕量明显高于雄虫,而在武汉黄陂区雄虫诱捕量高于雌虫.不同海拔高度的诱捕结果显示,诱捕量随着海拔升高逐渐增多,通过线性拟合表明具有正相关性,黄花镇、鸦鹊岭镇和黄陂地区的相关方程分别为Y=30.1157+0.1055X,Y=52.5223+0.2772X和Y=17.4218+0.0406X.     

新疆南部转基因棉区棉铃虫种群长期动态研究

（Bacillus thuringiensis）基因抗虫棉在新疆南部推广已超过10 a,为探索Bt棉大面积种植对棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）种群动态的影响,于1999-2010年使用诱虫灯监测了Bt棉大面积种植区域（麦盖提）和非Bt棉大面积种植区域（阿瓦提）棉铃虫的种群动态。结果表明：新疆南部地区20世纪90年代末发生棉铃虫害较重,2000-2004年种群数量保持较高水平;自2005年Bt棉大面积推广以后,Bt棉区棉铃虫的种群数量显著下降,棉铃虫种群数量随Bt棉种植比例的上升而下降（P<0.05）;]随着Bt棉大面积推广年数的增加,Bt棉区棉铃虫各代种群数量均逐渐下降,第二代种群数量和高峰期蛾量下降速率均较越冬代和第一代快,且第二代棉铃虫种群相对丰富度也逐渐下降。因此,新疆地区Bt棉的大面积种植能较好地控制棉铃虫的种群数量,而且对第二代棉铃虫种群的控制效果最好。     

池州市2018年冬季连阴雨气候特征及其对农业生产的影响

基于当地气象台站的逐日降水、日照及气温等资料,对2018年12月至2019年2月池州市出现的历史上罕见的冬季连阴雨天气特征进行分析。结果表明,整个冬季气候呈“两多一少一低”特征,即降水累积量多、阴雨日数多、光照稀少,同时,气温比常年偏低。此次连阴雨天气对农业的影响表现在不少农田湿渍害严重,农业气象灾害指标超过1960年以来历史同期极值。     

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Italian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains suggests the evolution of local endemic populations of the pathogen and does not correlate with race distribution

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in Brassicaceae. It is widespread in Italy and severe outbreaks occur under conditions that favour disease development. In this study a multilocus sequence typing approach (MLST) based on the partial sequence of seven loci was applied to a selection of strains representative of the main areas of cultivation and hosts. The aim was to investigate whether the long tradition of brassica crops in Italy has influenced the evolution of different Xcc populations. All loci were polymorphic; 14 allelic profiles were identified of which 13 were unique to Italian strains. Based on the seven loci, the most common genotype within the Italian Xcc strains (AP1) was also the most representative genotype found in worldwide Xcc strains. This genotype was included in a new clonal complex in addition to three other clonal complexes already identified in Xcc populations. The phylogenetic reconstruction using a concatenated dataset of four conserved protein-coding genes, dnaK, fuyA, gyrB and rpoD, showed that the Italian strains belonged to two genetic groups. Physiological races were also investigated for the first time in Italy. The race structure of Xcc was determined by inoculating eight differential Brassica lines belonging to five species and showed that, in Italy, race 4 is the most widespread, followed by races 1 and 6. No correlation was found between allelic profiles, host of isolation, geographical origin and races, although a prevalent race was identified within the same clonal complex.     

医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务

在介绍国内外图书馆为老年人服务的基础上,分析了医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务的优势,探讨了医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务的途径。     

Diatomaceous earth foliar spraying along with adjuvants in pistachio orchards associated with the common pistachio psylla,Agonoscena pistaciae

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, is a serious global pest menacing pistachio orchards. Considering the dangers of using excessive chemical pesticides, it seems that using natural insecticides such as diatomaceous earth is a suitable way to lower the residual amount of highly hazardous pesticides. In this study, the effects of diatomaceous earth with different additives, including dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, polyurethane glue as a wood adhesive, and potassium silicate, were investigated in several concentrations over two years in orchard conditions. Although all treatments showed significant effects, the most effective treatments were (diatomaceous earth+dipotassium hydrogen phosphate) and (diatomaceous earth+polyurethane glue). Therefore, the use of diatomaceous earth combined with the additive materials mentioned can potentially be a safe method for the integrated management of the common pistachio psylla.     

近红外光谱技术在农业领域的应用及展望

对近红外光谱技术在水稻、油菜和土壤肥力测定等领域最新的研究进展进行了综述,探讨了近红外光谱分析技术应用中存在的问题,并对该技术在农业领域中的应用作了展望。     

Anthropogenic effects on soil quality of ancient agricultural systems of the American Southwest

Soil studies of ancient agricultural fields contribute to research on long-term human–environmental relationships and land use sustainability. This kind of research is especially applicable in desert landscapes of the American Southwest because: (1) soil formation is slow enough that cultivation effects persist for centuries to millennia; (2) many ancient fields in valley margins have remained uncultivated since they were abandoned, so long-term soil properties reflect ancient agricultural use; and (3) agricultural features (e.g., terraces, rock alignments and rock piles, and irrigation canals) provide clues for identifying and sampling ancient cultivated and uncultivated soils. Surficial remnants of these field systems persist and remain intact in many cases. Soil studies of ancient and modern American Indian agricultural systems across the Southwest indicate that soil changes are highly variable, ranging from degradation (e.g., organic matter/nutrient decline, compaction), to minimal net change, to enhanced soil quality. Soil changes caused by cultivation can be inferred by comparing soils in agricultural fields relative to reference uncultivated areas in similar landscape settings (that is, space-for-time substitution). Soil response trajectories vary for a number of reasons, such as variability in initial ecosystem conditions, diversity in agricultural methods, variability in the mix of crops and cropping intensity, and environmental sensitivity to alteration (varying resistance and resilience). Studies of rock mulch soils indicate enhanced fertility, with elevated organic carbon, nitrogen, and available phosphorus levels, increased infiltration rates and moisture retention, and no evidence of compaction. By contrast, cultivation effects vary widely for terraced soils. Although numerous studies have focused on irrigation canals, irrigated soils have received far less attention. Soil studies of irrigation systems along the Gila and Santa Cruz rivers of Arizona now underway will help fill this research gap.     

温度、食料条件对白背飞虱种群增长的影响

白背飞虱若虫和全世代发育速率与温度的关系呈逻辑斯谛关系,成虫产卵前期和卵的发育速率与温度的关系呈二次抛物线关系。在18—30℃下,卵孵化率比较稳定,水稻生育期对卵孵化亦无明显影响,孵化率平均为86.96％。若虫存活率、成虫产卵量和内禀增长力受温度和食料条件的影响十分明显,取食分蘖期和拔节期水稻的若虫存活率最高,成虫产卵量和内禀增长力最大。在水稻各生育期,若虫存活率、成虫产卵量和内禀增长力与温度的关系呈抛物线趋势。当温度达到35℃时,各生育期卵孵化率均下降到50％以下,且若虫陆续全部死亡。     

基于SWOT分析的山东省农业旅游研究

采用SWOT分析法分析山东省农业旅游发展中的优势、劣势、机会和威胁,并提出了山东省发展农业旅游的对策和措施。