Optimized denitrification bioreactor treatment through simulated drainage containment

In the design of wood-based, enhanced-denitrification bioreactors to treat nitrate in agricultural drainage, the consideration of the highly variable flow rates and nitrate concentrations inherent to many drainage systems is important. For optimized mitigation of these nitrate loads, it may be best to contain drainage water prior to treatment in order to facilitate longer, more constant retention times rather than to allow cycles of flushing and dry periods in the denitrification bioreactor. Simulated containment prior to bioreactor treatment compared to passing drainage directly through a bioreactor was investigated with the use of six pilot-scale denitrification bioreactors constructed with plywood and filled with Pinus radiata woodchips at Massey University No. 4 Dairy Farm (Palmerston North, New Zealand). Initial bromide tracer tests were followed with a series of five simulated drainage events each at successively declining inflow nitrate concentrations. During each drainage event, three pilot bioreactors received a simulated hydrograph lasting 1.5 days (Non-Containment treatment) and three pilot bioreactors received the same total drainage volume treated over 4 days at a constant flow rate (i.e. constant retention time; Containment treatment). Results showed significantly different total mass removal efficiencies of 14.0% vs. 36.9% and significantly different removal rates of 2.1 g N m⁻³ day⁻¹ vs. 6.7 g N m⁻³ day⁻¹ for the Non-Containment and Containment treatments, respectively, which indicated that treating drainage at constant retention times provided more optimized nitrate removal. While this work was done to evaluate treatment under New Zealand drainage conditions, it also provides valuable information for optimizing agricultural drainage denitrification bioreactor performance in general.     

基于高光谱数据提取土壤养分信息的研究进展

主要综述了利用高光谱遥感技术提取土壤养分信息的研究进展,论述了当前国内外学者通过高光谱遥感技术获取土壤养分信息的研究现状、存在的问题以及应用前景展望。旨在探索新疆绿洲农区如何应用高光谱遥感技术,分析、模拟、评价、预测土壤养分含量,促进高光谱遥感技术在田间农情监测、土壤诊断、水肥分区管理、作物科学种植中的应用,为新疆及兵团实施精准农业提供科学理论参考。     

地榆多酚抑菌作用研究进展

植物多酚具有抗氧化、降血糖、抗突变、抗菌、抗癌等多种生物学活性,被称为天然抑菌剂.地榆中富含多酚类化合物,在医疗保健、食品卫生等领域具有广阔的发展前景.本文综述了地榆多酚的抑菌活性、作用机理和研究应用现状,旨在为地榆资源的综合开发利用提供参考.     

中国森林健康风险研究进展

为了摸清影响中国森林健康的各风险因子,笔者先明晰了森林健康的内涵,认为理想的健康森林应是在森林火灾、有害生物灾害（植物、病、虫害等）、气象灾害、空气污染、林木采伐等众多风险因素影响下,森林的正常生长不会因此受到威胁,且具有一定的抵抗能力,同时森林所具有的涵养水源、游憩、野生动物保护、提供木材、自我更新等功能和价值不会因此受到影响;再分析了影响目前中国森林健康的各风险因子;同时,论述了国内外关于森林健康风险研究仍面临亟待解决的问题;最后,从森林健康风险指标体系的建立、森林健康风险各主因子对森林造成损失的评测、森林健康风险各主因子保险费率的厘定、森林林种、林分结构及森林产业结构调整、森林健康管理政策等方面瞻望了中国森林健康风险研究的前景,认为该研究是中国现在和未来森林健康可持续发展的重要任务,也能为中国未来森林资源管理提供更有效的方法。     

The Sustainability of Quinoa Production in Southern Bolivia: from Misrepresentations to Questionable Solutions. Comments on Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390–399)

Reviewing the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia, Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) argues that the booming export market has a negative effect on the environment and on the home consumption of quinoa, thereby leading to an environmental disaster in the region. In view of the scarcity of scientific knowledge on the rapid social and environmental dynamics in the region, we consider that Jacobsen’s review misrepresents the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia. Specifically, we argue that (i) the data presented by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) do not support any drop in quinoa crop yield supposed to reflect soil degradation and (ii) his demonstration regarding home consumption of quinoa is ill‐founded from both a nutritional and a cultural point of view. We suggest that the diffusion of the arguments exposed by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390), because of their flaws, might have strong negative impacts on those concerned with sustainable food production and fair‐trade with developing countries. We conclude that, rather than reinforced agro‐technical controls on local farmers, the rising competition in the international quinoa market requires a shift towards an ethical economy and ethical research cooperation with quinoa producers.     

‘全红杨’在北京地区的引种栽培技术研究

为了探索‘全红杨’在北京地区能否引种成功,采用繁殖法、田间观察法、色素测定法、抗性分析法、市场调查法等多种方法,对从河南濮阳引种到北京地区的‘全红杨’进行多方面的研究。结果表明,‘全红杨’生长正常,能完成完整的生命活动周期;容易繁殖,其高位嫁接繁殖成活率83%,低位嫁接成活率85%,硬枝扦插成活率88%;色彩鲜艳又稳定,花青素含量高,测定值为0.0383 mg/g,比紫绿叶的‘中红杨’高83.25%,比绿色叶的‘加杨’高100.52%;抗性表现良好,耐寒又耐瘠薄;经济价值高,高接苗比中红杨市场售价高2倍以上。依据引种标准判断,‘全红杨’在北京地区引种成功,同时,通过2个年度的栽培管理与观察,得出‘全红杨’栽培管理技术要点,希望为进一步扩繁栽培提供参考依据。     

西北干旱半干旱区生态系统碳循环研究进展

干旱半干旱区是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在陆地生态系统碳循环过程中起着非常重要的作用,了解该区目前碳循环研究现状对准确评估陆地生态系统碳收支具有重要意义。概述了碳循环的基本概念,归纳了影响干旱半干旱区碳循环的环境因素（辐射,温度,水分条件等）,并总结了目前该区域碳通量研究现状。指出目前干旱半干旱区生态系统碳循环研究仍存在诸多薄弱环节,最后提出今后重点研究的方向：(1)不同时空尺度生态系统碳循环研究;(2)碳源/汇的物理、化学以及生物过程的研究;(3)从整体和系统的角度来研究干旱半干旱区生态系统碳循环;(4)制定统一的野外监测与试验方法。     

水稻粒黑粉病研究进展

稻粒黑粉病已经成为杂交稻制种田的重要病害。目前国际上关于稻粒黑粉病的研究总体看来还较少,也存在较多的争议。主要回顾和总结了国内外对水稻粒黑粉病的研究情况,对发病症状、病原物及其分类地位、生物学特性、病害循环与侵染机制、发病因素与病害流行、分级标准和综合防治进行了综述,同时探讨了目前关于该病害研究所存在的争议及以后值得研究的方向。     

大学生研究性学习的研究与实践

新时期,学生获取知识的途径已经不仅仅局限于书本,无线的互联网空间是学生不断获得新知的重要来源。文章研究了新时期大学生研究性学习的理论基础、实践方法,以及实践效果。     

语料库教学模式在汽车英语课堂上的应用与研究

语料库就是将在现实生活中出现的应用过语言加以收集、整理、分析、处理,利用计算机数据库技术并且结合现代网络平台,建立的资源共享体。目前美国当代英语语料库是世界上最大的英语语料库,该语料库可以通过网络平台为大众提供英语语料的检索和查询。将英语语料库引入汽车英语课堂,是汽车专业英语教学模式改革的重大尝试和探索,语料库教学模式在汽车英语课堂上的应用为提高专业英语教学水平,增强学生英语应用能力、培养高素质汽车专业人才提供一条行之有效的方法。