食品保藏技术课程的教学改革初探

从食品保藏技术课程教学内容的调整、教学方法的选择和实验(实践)教学的改进等方面,针对传统教学模式的缺点和不足,提出了一些思考与看法,旨在为高等农业院校建立科学的教学模式提供一些参考,使学生能更好地掌握该课程。     

贵州省农村信息服务现状调查研究

农村信息服务是农业信息化发展的重要内容.调查发现,贵州省农村信息服务基础设施建设发展迅速,但运行情况差强人意;信息传播渠道多元化发展,但渠道不够通畅;农民对信息需求渴望,但支付意愿不够强烈;信息服务内容丰富,但有效性和针对性不强.可以从强化政府主体作用、大力培育农村信息服务市场、积极创新信息传播渠道、加强对信息人才队伍的建设和农民综合素质的培养等方面来促进贵州省农村信息服务工作的发展.     

Participatory varietal selection in rice in Nepal in favourable agricultural environments – A comparison of two methods assessed by varietal adoption

Two participatory approaches to varietal selection were compared in February-sown (Chaite) rice and main-season rice in high potential production systems in Nepal. One method, called farmer managed participatory research (FAMPAR), was researcher intensive, while the other, called informal research and development (IRD), demanded fewer resources. The trials were conducted in 18 villages in high potential production systems in Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal. Six new varieties of Chaite rice and 16 of main-season rice were tested in over 300 trials of Chaite rice and nearly 1100 trials of main-season rice over two years in 1997 and 1998. Surveys were done in 1997, 1998 and 1999 to record the extent of adoption and spread of the new rice varieties in the study villages. In many cases, farmers tested varieties for two years before deciding whether to adopt or drop them. Varieties were quite widely accepted, adopted for niches in a few villages, or rejected. The two participatory approaches identified the same varieties, but FAMPAR, which used formal survey methods, was more useful for diagnosing reasons for adoption or rejection. However, IRD used much cheaper anecdotal methods of evaluation, so it was more cost-effective. Moreover,farmer-to-farmer seed dissemination was higher in IRD villages, probably because farmers in FAMPAR villages felt that the project would re-supply seed if needed. The benefits from both approaches are considerable, but to adopt them substantial policy changes in varietal testing, release and extension systems will be required. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

城市林业的研究现状与发展

简述城市林业的兴起与发展、概念与范围,以及城市林业的效益和国内外在城市林业方面的研究现状,论述我国城市林业的发展趋势。     

论农业科研单位图书馆数字化建设存在的问题与对策

随着计算机网络技术的高速发展,数字化图书馆已成为农业科研单位图书馆发展的必然趋势,通过对农业科研单位图书馆数字化建设方面存在的问题进行详细阐述,提出图书馆数字化建设的策略和提高电子信息资源利用率的措施,即转变思想观念、加大图书馆数字化建设的投资力度、开发馆藏资源、加强图书馆人才队伍建设,以期为农业科研单位图书馆数字化建设提供一定参考依据。     

金融支持·农户行为与农地流转

农户可获得的金融支持情况对农户流转行为及农地流转规模具有重要影响.基于陕西省农户获得金融支持情况,采用多元Logit模型和Tobit模型对样本数据进行计量分析,结果表明农户是否获得农业贷款、是否获得农业补贴、过去3年是否有借款、是否从正规机构借款以及借款的难易程度等金融支持变量对农户流转行为和流转规模有显著的影响.根据研究结论,从财政金融、政策性金融、银行金融和金融产品创新等方面提出了相关建议,并对土地流转的非粮化与国家粮食安全问题进行了进一步讨论.     

农业科研院所科技宣传工作面临的新挑战及其对策

在概述农业科研院所科技宣传工作发展现状的基础上,针对农业科技成果日趋复杂深奥、大众对农产品质量安全日益关注、受众不断分化、新媒体迅猛发展等当前面临的新挑战,提出了新形势下应从加强科普解读、及时回应公众关切、分众采取差异化策略、加快新媒体应用等4个方面推进农业科技宣传工作的对策措施。     

Differences in the progress of the biopesticide revolution between the EU and other major crop‐growing regions

The five‐year value in the compound annual growth rate of the biopesticides sector is predicted to be 16% by 2017 and to produce a global market worth $US 10 billion. Despite this, several impediments occur within the EU that negatively affect biopesticide research and innovation. At present, there are fewer biopesticide‐active substances registered in the EU compared with the United States, India, Brazil and China. The relatively low level of biopesticide research in the EU (6880 ISI papers) versus the United States (18 839), India (9501) and China (7875) relates to the greater complexity of EU‐based biopesticide regulations compared with these other countries. In this light, it is worth noting that tensions may exist between regulators that emphasise the beneficial nature of biopesticides in environmentally friendly crop management and those that adopt a more technologically based approach dependent on a chemical‐pesticide‐driven model. Compared with the other aforementioned countries, far fewer biopesticide products are available in the EU market, mainly as a direct result of the severe regulatory factors present there. The extent to which this trend will continue depends largely on a range of interacting political and/or regulatory decisions that influence environmentally friendly agricultural industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

巢湖流域土地利用效益测度与综合判定

依据土地利用效益空间分异,能够实现区域资源优化配置。合理判定用地效益显得至关重要。土地利用类型差异化而体现用地效益多元化。为此,本研究选取社会经济及城镇化快速发展的巢湖流域,按照农用地和建设用地两大用地类型,差异化构建不同评价指标体系,采用熵权-TOPSIS模型与二维象限法构建的农用地–建设用地效益综合评判逻辑模型,测度了巢湖流域农用地效益和建设用地效益,以及综合评判了研究区的用地效益。结果表明:研究区农用地效益整体较偏低,效益值范围0.074 0~0.712 9,区域差异显著,庐阳区、包河区、长丰县、舒城县属于较高级别,无为县、和县、金安区相对较低,效益值均尚未达到0.100 0;建设用地效益区域差异悬殊,效益值范围0.048 7~0.918 4,较高区域集中于合肥市辖区及肥西县、肥东县、长丰县等紧邻合肥县域,巢湖市、庐江县、和县、含山县、金安区、舒城县普遍较低。研究区归入到4个象限类型的评价单元数,依次为4、1、5、4个,结合不同类型象限内涵,本文分别针对每个区县提出了农用地和建设用地的效益提升对策和建议。     

农业产业链产业集群与粮食主产区农民增收——以河南省黄淮4市为例

阐述了农业产业链、产业集群对农民增收的作用。以河南省黄淮4市为实例,分析了粮食主产区农业产业链、产业集群未形成的主要原因,提出了粮食主产区培育粮食产业集群的对策。