加强农业综合开发,推进现代农业发展

湖南邵阳县农业开发办在提高＂三个需要＂思想认识的基础上,积极探索加强农业综合开发,推进现代农业发展的＂三个着力点＂,进而在实践中感到要进一步推进现代农业发展,农业开发部门必须力创并实施好＂三要＂新举措。     

农机维修网点急需扶持

随着国家连续几年农机购置补贴政策的实施,农机具保有量增加很快。指出在依法加强农机维修行业监督管理的同时,应注重扶持农机维修网点发展壮大,提升农机维修网点的承修能力。因此,迫切需要对有条件的农机维修网点进行政策扶持。     

基于SMP的总线式软运动控制引擎设计

提出了基于SMP实时架构的EtherMAC实时以太网主站的设计方法,开发了一种运行于内核空间的运动控制引擎,并给出了一种通过在共享内存建立内存堆栈方式的跨平台编程接口设计方法。通过设计总线抽象层将总线控制资源抽象,降低了运动控制引擎与总线之间耦合性,增强了总线系统或从站设备的可替换性。原型机进行功能验证表明,该引擎实现了较好的易用性和可移植性,并间接增强了EtherMAC的实时性能。     

高原环境对拖拉机、农用运输车安全性能的影响及对策

着重从青藏高原的地理、气候、道路等环境特点,分析高原环境对拖拉机、农用运输车安全生产影响的因素,提出预防措施,以确保安全生产。     

湖南农业运输机械事故灰色关联分析

利用灰色系统理论方法,对湖南省1997～2002年的农业运输机械事故的影响因素进行了系统分析,分析计算结果是:拖拉机拥有量与事故起数的关联度最大;事故起数关联度最大的是机械故障;驾车3年以上的驾驶员是事故发生的高危人群。     

农机服务产业化效益分析

随着农村经济的发展和市场竞争的国际化，如何更好地发挥农业机械的作用，进一步提高经济效益，是当前需要探索的重要课题。为此，从农机合理开发利用和增加农民收入的角度出发，调研了山东省各类农机经营形式的现状和效益。其结果有助于提高人们对加快农机服务产业化的认识，从而积极探索新的农业机械经营管理模式和组织体系，推动农业机械化的良性发展和农业生产方式的变革。     

加入WTO对我国农机工业的影响

加入WTO后，国内农机市场进一步开放，国际农机市场竞争进一步加剧，竞争核心是产品的质量、价格和服务水平。农机市场的变化必然对农机工业产生影响。我国农机工业应加强全球一体化发展研究，为推动农业机械化事业做贡献。     

Modeling the water budget in a deep caldera lake and its hydrologic assessment: Lake Ikeda, Japan

The hydrologic assessment of a lake water budget can be helpful in achieving proper water management and sustainable water use. A model to analyze a lake water budget was developed and verified for Lake Ikeda, Japan. Lake evaporation was estimated by numerical analyses of lake water temperature and the lake energy budget. Inflow from the lake catchment area and leakage from the lake bottom were estimated based on the tank model and Darcy's law, and the model parameters were optimized by the shuffled complex evolution method. The estimated monthly lake evaporation rate is consistent with the evaporation rate estimated by the energy budget Bowen ratio method based on in situ data from 2004 to 2005. Moreover, the calculated time series of daily lake levels agrees well with those of measured lake levels during 1983 to 1999. Thus, the model is useful for evaluating the lake water budget. Numerical analysis reveals seasonal and annual variation characteristics in the water budget components. Precipitation, inflow from the catchment area, and river water supply are generally high during the rainy season from June to July with substantial annual variation. Lake evaporation is greatest in October and least in April, but the annual variation is relatively small. Agricultural water use is relatively high from April to September. There are no marked seasonal changes in leakage and drinking water use. The lake level is generally highest in September and lowest in March, which is characterized by seasonal changes in water budget components. The model was also applied to 17-year simulations under hypothetical hydrologic conditions to examine the effect of water use and agricultural water management on the lake level. Results indicate that river water supply, provided under the agricultural water management system, effectively compensates for the decrease in lake water resulting from agricultural water use.     

Combined use of optical and radar satellite data for the detection of tillage and irrigation operations: Case study in Central Morocco

The objective of this study is to present a new application of optical and radar remote sensing with high spatial (∼10 m) and temporal (a few days) resolutions for the detection of tillage and irrigation operations. The analysis was performed for irrigated wheat crops in the semi-arid Tensift/Marrakech plain (Central Morocco) using three FORMOSAT-2 images and two ASAR images acquired within one week at the beginning of the 2005/2006 agricultural season.The approach we developed uses simple mapping algorithms (band thresholding and decision tree) for the characterisation of soil surface states. The first images acquired by FORMOSAT and ASAR were processed to classify fields into three main categories: ploughed (in depth), prepared to be sown (harrowed), and not ploughed-not harrowed. This information was combined with a change detection analysis based on multitemporal images to identify harrowing and irrigation operations which occurred between two satellite observations.The performance of the algorithm was evaluated using data related to land use and agricultural practices collected on 124 fields. The analysis shows that drastic changes of surface states caused by ploughing or irrigation are detected without ambiguity (consistency index of 96%). This study provided evidence that optical and radar data contain complementary information for the detection of agricultural operations at the beginning of agricultural season. This information could be useful in regional decision support systems to refine crop calendars and to improve prediction of crop water needs over large areas.     

农业机械虚拟试验交互控制系统

设计了农业机械虚拟试验系统,建立了田间工况模拟与虚拟交互控制试验平台.根据耕作区域的数字地图及农田作物图像信息,设计农业机械虚拟试验场,实现人和农业机械在虚拟环境内的漫游.建立四自由度模拟试验台,实现对拖拉机在田间行走时姿态的模拟仿真.从虚拟场景中提取作物行的位置信息,根据这些信息给出控制信号,进行拖拉机行驶速度、方向和平衡控制,使拖拉机沿作物行行驶.试验表明,横滚角最大偏差为0.34°,偏航角最大偏差为0.51°,高程最大偏差为2.5 mm,行走速度最大偏差为0.12 km/h.实体样机和虚拟样机有较好的一致性.