聊城市农业气象灾害变化分析

利用聊城市1961～2010年8个气象站实测气象资料,采用最小二乘法、倾向率等方法分析聊城市主要农业气象灾害的变化趋势。结果表明,聊城市主要农业气象灾害变化趋势有升有降,其中6类主要农业气象灾害均呈下降趋势。     

现代农业景观中雨水花园技术的运用——以武汉市木兰古镇农业生态观光区蔬果园规划设计为例

本文从现代农业景观特点与雨水花园技术入手,探讨两者在景观设计上结合的现实意义及设计原则,基于武汉木兰石门旅游区生态观光区规划设计,将雨水花园技术引入农业景观规划设计中。现代农业景观中雨水花园技术的运用将对生态环境的保护、农产品的产出销售、农业观光产业的拓展等方面产生积极的作用,是武汉两型社会建设中将农村旅游经济带入科学而高速的发展轨道的一次有益探索。     

Evaluation of grape stalks as a bioresource

The compositional characteristics of grape stalk in terms of lignin, sugars, ash, extractives and tannins contents were established. The biomass composition of grape stalk is 34% lignin, 36% cellulose, 24% hemicellulose and 6% tannins. The tannins, analysed by solution ¹³C NMR, were essentially of procyanidin type and the dichloromethane extractives fraction, characterized by GC-MS, was mainly composed of fatty acids. Different processes for the pretreatment of grape stalk were compared. Due to the high content of lignin and tannins, dilute sulfuric acid and ethanol organosolv pretreatments resulted in a low degree of delignification. However, a wet oxidation process permitted a significant reduction of the Klason lignin content of the pulp with a good carbohydrate recovery and improved enzymatic digestibility.     

Degradation behaviour of poly(lactic acid) films and fibres in soil under Mediterranean field conditions and laboratory simulations testing

Long-term degradation/disintegration behaviour, indicative of the biodegradation in soil behaviour of poly(lactic acid) films and fibres, was studied in natural Mediterranean soil environment during an eleven-month trial in the experimental field. In parallel, simulated soil burial experiments were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. The degradation/disintegration behaviour of PLA was analysed using visual inspection, mechanical testing, DSC and FTIR analysis. The influence of the thickness and the type of the materials (film vs. fibre) on disintegration was investigated under the given mild conditions. For comparison purposes, degradation/disintegration of PLA film was also studied under low temperature composting conditions (house composting). During long-term exposure under natural soil environment dominated by complex and uncontrolled biotic-abiotic conditions and Mediterranean climatic conditions and under house composting conditions, PLA film samples of different thicknesses were partially, to a rather low degree, degraded mechanically or slightly disintegrated. The results showed that degradation behaviour of bio-based polymers like poly(lactic acid) in a real soil environment is a complex phenomenon, following different patterns regarding morphological changes.     

张掖地区土壤微量元素空间分布及其对农产品质量的影响

对张掖市甘州区、临泽县、高台县、民乐县、肃南县及农场耕层土壤进行取样分析,共测试分析789个土样的有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效硼五项微量元素指标。对测试结果采用Normal-QQplot方法进行正态分布检验,剔除了14个异常离群值。对剩余的775个测试分析数据用地统计普通克里金插值法进行空间插值,根据各微量元素的空间分布和缺素临界值,把五种微量元素按照含量空间分布划分为丰富、持平和不足三个级别。并依据不同级别的肥力区和作物缺素症状,提出各肥力区对农产品质量的影响以及施肥方案,为张掖市作物微肥施用提供参考。     

农业信息化与城镇化相关性实证研究

农业信息化是国民经济、农村经济和社会信息化的重要组成部分,是缩小城乡数字鸿沟的重要手段,因此成为党的十八大“四化同步”战略的重要组成部分。目前针对城镇化与农业信息化水平的相关性还缺乏量化研究,也鲜有针对性的政策建议。笔者在构建农业信息化水平指标体系的基础上,首次引入经济计量学中的格兰杰因果检验方法,对农业信息化与城镇化之间的因果关系进行分析检验,定量揭示农业信息化和城镇化发展之间存在时间的先导—滞后关系,对于指导农村经济发展,合理使用信息资源等方面具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

从山西杂粮的发展看养生农业

近年来,都市高速的生活、工作节奏带来了环境污染、疾病等不健康的因素,人们开始探寻更加健康的生活、生产方式,农业以其质朴、自然的属性进入了都市人群的视野。养生农业,一种强调人与自然和谐发展的现代农业新形式,正逐渐发展起来。以山西杂粮的发展为出发点,通过对其在满足消费者需求方面存在的问题进行分析,对其未来发展提出建议。     

沾化冬枣降水适应性分析

据统计,包括暴雨洪涝、连阴雨、干旱在内的降水异常灾害是沾化冬枣主产区最严重的气象灾害,因此降水条件成为主产区最易产生不利影响的气象要素。为了解掌握沾化冬枣的降水适应性,对沾化冬枣产业化发展以来降水异常灾害发生情况进行统计,并结合主产区唯一适用的沾化国家一般气象站降水观测资料,系统总结了沾化冬枣适宜降水条件特征,再结合各降水异常灾害受灾时段的降水情况,进一步分析总结对沾化冬枣不利的降水条件,估计部分致灾降水条件。     

中欧农业预算比较分析

欧盟农业发展较快,一直处于世界领先行列,各项制度相对完善,农业预算发展颇具成效.中国农业预算在经济快速发展的大环境中,逐步得到了完善,但同时也暴露出一系列问题.笔者通过中欧农业预算编制、预算执行、预算监督三个方面进行比较分析,并提出对策建议.     

滇西高原区土地利用变化分析——以弥渡县为例

土地利用/土地覆被变化研究(LUCC)是全球环境变化研究的核心内容以及可持续发展研究的重要内容.笔者以地处滇西高原区的弥渡县为实例,运用GIS技术,对弥渡县2009年土地利用数据库和2014年土地变更调查数据库进行空间叠加,进而分析该县土地利用变化状况,揭示其土地利用变化规律,为今后进一步合理利用土地资源提供依据.