烤烟漂浮育苗新型基质的筛选与应用研究（英文）

[目的]探讨漂浮育苗新型基质配方在育苗和大田期的效果,及其对烟叶产量和质量的影响。[方法]实验用的4个配方中,泥炭：炭化谷壳：珍珠岩：砂子分别为10∶40∶30∶20、20∶40∶10∶30、20∶40∶30∶10和20∶50∶10∶20,记为T1-T4。对照基质中泥炭：炭化谷壳：珍珠岩：砂子的比例为35∶40∶25∶0.[结果]跟对照相比,T1-T4中的泥炭用量减少了70.1%、41.5%、41.5%和41.5%,分别节约成本12.5%、23.1%、8.2%和12.8%,新型基质能有效提高烟苗的出苗率,烟苗素质和苗期与对照相当,产值分别比对照增加323.10、92.25、39.30和2 250.60元/hm2。上中等烟比例均高于对照。[结论]4个新型基质配方可以在烤烟集约化漂浮育苗中大面积的推广应用,尤其是T4可以作为首选配方。     

论山区生态环境保护与山羊养殖对策

因为缺乏统一而科学的长远规划,山羊养殖业在山区发展面临了许多新的问题,笔者尝试对此进行简单的讨论.     

Effect of co-cultivation and crop rotation on corm rot disease of Gladiolus

Field and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of co-cultivation and crop rotation on the growth and corm rot disease of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus sect. Blandus) cv. Aarti caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (Massey) Snyd. and Hans. In the field experiment, gladiolus was co-cultivated with 10 agricultural/horticultural crops viz. Allium cepa L., Brassica campestris L., Capsicum annuum L., Eruca sativa Mill., Helianthus annuus L., Tagetes erectus L., Zea mays L., Vinca rosea L. and Rosa indica L., in a soil infested with F. oxysporum. All the crops except V. rosea and R. indica reduced disease incidence. The effect of H. annuus and T. erectus was significant and more pronounced than other co-cultivated crops. In general, root and shoot dry biomass, corm fresh weight, number of cormlets and number of flowers per spike decreased as compared to the un-inoculated monoculture gladiolus treatment (negative control) but these parameters enhanced as compared to the F. oxysporum inoculated monoculture gladiolus treatment (positive control). In a pot experiment, all the crops of the field experiment except V. rosea and R. indica were sown in rotation with gladiolus. Pot grown plants of different species were harvested at maturity and the soil was inoculated with F. oxysporum. Gladiolus was cultivated 1 week after inoculation. Disease incidence was significantly suppressed in all the treatments ranging from 29% to 53%. The highest suppression of disease incidence was recorded in T. erectus (53%) followed by B. campestris (49%). The effect of preceding crops on various vegetative parameters was similar in the pot experiment to that of the field experiment. The present study suggests that corm rot disease of gladiolus can be managed by mixed cropping of H. annuus and T. erectus or cultivation of T. erectus and B. campestris in rotation.     

赤峰市城市森林建设资源潜力分析

文章以2007年赤峰市森林资源二类调查数据为基础,并结合赤峰市相关单位提供的统计数据,以及近年来的林业生态建设实践发展,主要从林业用地、三网绿化、人居环境林建设、坡耕地绿化和工矿废弃地绿化对赤峰市生态用地潜力进行分析,结果表明赤峰市城市森林建设有一定的资源发展潜力。       

叶绿素荧光动力学O-J-I-P参数在棉花幼苗耐冷性评价上的应用

低温冷害是影响棉花生长的主要逆境因子,如何建立简捷、有效的棉花耐冷性鉴定及筛选体系是棉花耐冷研究的关键问题。在本研究中,阐述了如何用O-J-I-P参数来评价棉花幼苗的耐冷性。选用北疆棉区22个主栽棉花品种,对盆栽幼苗经过连续4d的4℃低温处理,进行了相应的冷害指数鉴定,并基于O-J-I-P参数Fv/Fm和PI所建立的冷害因子指数1及冷害因子指数2对各个棉花幼苗做了耐冷鉴定和分级评价。结果发现,冷害因子指数1和冷害因子指数2的鉴定、评价结果与冷害指数鉴定结果相近。中棉所36、新陆早25、297-5幼苗具有较强的耐冷性,而新陆早10号、新陆早12号及炮台1号的耐冷性较弱。叶绿素荧光动力学O-J-I-P可以快速、有效地鉴定棉花幼苗的耐冷性,这对棉花的耐冷性鉴定和培育耐冷型的棉花品种具有重要的意义。     

三门峡黄河湿地特点及保护利用

在全面调查的基础上,对三门峡黄河湿地自然保护区进行了分析和评价,针对该区资源特点,提出了保护利用建议。       

细果角茴香中总黄酮的提取及含量测定

利用热回流法和超声波法提取细果角茴香中的总黄酮,结合NaNO2-Al（NO3）3-NaOH体系分光光度法测定细果角茴香中的总黄酮含量,并对细果角茴香中总黄酮的提取方法进行优化。结果表明：利用超声波法提取细果角茴香中的总黄酮效果较好;且在甲醇浓度为70％、料液比为1：20、超声波提取2次、提取时间分别为2．0h和1．5h的条件下提取效果最好,测得总黄酮的含量为15．44mg／g。NaNO2-Al（NO3）3-NaOH体系分光光度法操作简捷,测定结果准确可靠。     

Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheat-straw return

Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient, relatively cheap, and environmentally friendly. However,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment. To address this problem, we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1, B2, B3, B4,...     

氮、磷、钾对油研10号油菜产量和品质的影响

采用三元二次通用正交旋转组合设计,研究了直播栽培方式下氮、磷、钾与油研10号油菜品种产量、产油量、含油率、芥酸、硫甙、饼粕蛋白质含量之间的关系.结果表明,在试验设计水平范围内,随着施氮量的增加,产量、产油量、芥酸呈逐渐降低趋势,含油率和饼粕蛋白质含量呈逐渐增加趋势.芥酸、含油率、饼粕蛋白质含量与施磷量间呈开口向上的抛物线关系,呈现出高-低-高的变化趋势.同时获得产量200kg·667m-2和产油量85kg·667m-2的优化农艺措施方案分别为纯氮6.46～7.59kg·667m-2、P2O5(磷肥)6.58～8.42kg·667m-2、K2O(钾肥)10.37～13.63kg·667m-2和纯氮9.06kg·667m-2、P2O5(磷肥)6.20～8.80kg·667m-2、K2O(钾肥)9.69～14.31kg·667m-2.     

分子标记选择小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4b、Pm13和Pm21聚合体

 培育多个抗病基因聚合的小麦品种是提高其抗病广谱性和持久性的有效途径之一。利用小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4、Pm13、Pm2 1的特异PCR标记 ,对含有Pm4b、Pm13、Pm2 1的小麦品系复合杂交F2 代 4 0个植株进行检测 ,从中选择到Pm4b +Pm13+Pm2 13个基因聚合的抗病植株 11个 ,检测、选择到Pm4b +Pm13、Pm4b +Pm2 1、Pm13+Pm2 12个基因聚合的抗病植株 19个 ,为持久、广谱抗病小麦育种奠定了基础。研究还表明 ,3个独立的显性抗病基因在F2 代分离群体中的分离比例基本符合孟德尔独立分配定律 ,在小麦背景下的遗传稳定性 ,与该基因供体和普通小麦的亲缘关系密切相关 ,亲缘关系越远 ,丢失的概率越大。因此 ,在育种过程中对外源基因鉴定和跟踪非常必要