几种脲酶抑制剂对大豆脲酶和绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制作用

本文研究了脲酶抑制剂乙酰氧肟酸 (AHA)、邻苯二酚、氢醌 (HQ)和硼砂对大豆脲酶和绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制作用。结果表明 ,在浓度为 0 .0 0 0 1,0 .0 0 1,0 .0 1和 0 .1mmol/L时 ,4种脲酶抑制剂对大豆脲酶的抑制率分别为 :AHA为 6 % ,6 .2 % ,9.6 6 %和 2 9.79% ;HQ为 8.4 % ,13.0 3% ,19.79%和 4 4 .75 % ;邻苯二酚为 2 0 .34% ,19.12 % ,83.16 %和 93.78% ;而硼砂为 16 .5 5 % ,17.18% ,18.95 %和 35 .5 0 %。在相同浓度下 ,4种脲酶抑制剂对绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制率分别为 :AHA为 9.5 8% ,14 .0 4 % ,4 1.30 %和 72 .73% ;HQ为 12 .2 1% ,39.99% ,6 4 .6 2 %和 78.87% ;邻苯二酚为 6 .0 7% ,9.36 % ,31.2 9%和 5 0 .4 4 % ;而硼砂分别为 4 .97% ,8.6 3% ,2 1.78%和 32 .0 2 %。     

Identification of a class of CFEM proteins containing a new conserved motif in Fusarium oxysporum

Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is an important soil-borne fungus that cause huge economic losses worldwide. Fungal-specific Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane (CFEM) proteins are known to be involved in some important physiological processes associated with pathogenicity. To date, few Fo CFEM proteins have been characterized. The recent publication of several genomes of Fo has allowed us to conduct a genome-wide comparison analysis of CFEM proteins in Fo. In this study, we identified CFEM proteins for 12 different Fo formae speciales(f. sp) and obtained an average of 16 CFEM proteins for each Fo. The Fo CFEM proteins were classified into three groups (groups 1–3) according to structural features. Importantly, we identified a new conserved motif containing about 50 amino acids (DR motif) in group 1 members. CFEM proteins containing DR motif (CFEM_DR proteins) are remarkably conserved among Fo, and their number is greater in Fo compared with other fungi. We found the expansion of CFEM_DR proteins in Fo can be attributed to the segmental duplications in the genomes. Expression analysis revealed that CFEM_DR genes had a higher expression level in mycelium than conidia, and their expressions increased dramatically in the host roots at 3 days post inoculation, indicating that Fo CFEM_DR genes have roles while colonizing and infecting their hosts.     

hrpZ_(Psta)在转基因大豆中定量表达与疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性相关研究

以T5转hrpZPsta基因大豆JN29-705-15和JL30-187为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(Quantitative Real Time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测了目标基因在转基因大豆不同组织中的表达量,分别利用下胚轴侵染法和叶面喷施法鉴定疫霉根腐病抗性和灰斑病抗性,并分析目的基因表达量与疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性的相关性。结果表明:hrpZPsta基因在大豆的叶、茎、根、籽粒中均有表达,二个株系平均相对表达量分别为8.2/6.1、0.9/0.7、6.5/4.6和0.8/0.7;T5转hrpZPsta基因大豆抗疫霉根腐病和灰斑病能力与野生型相比均有所提高,JN29-705-15对疫霉根腐病抗性从感病提高到中抗,而JL30-187从中抗提高到抗病;hrpZPsta基因在叶中的表达量也与抗灰斑病能力呈正相关,与病情级别呈极显著负相关。试验结果初步证明了外源基因hrp ZPsta在大豆植株中的表达量与受体植株对疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性存在一定的相关性。     

大豆四向重组自交群体单株产量QTL单标记分析

以(垦丰14×垦丰15)×(黑农48×垦丰19)衍生的含160个株系的大豆四向重组自交系群体为试验材料,应用154个SSR标记鉴定个体基因型,利用单标记分析方法,对2013和2014年在哈尔滨和克山两地4个环境下的单株产量进行QTL定位分析。结果显示:共检测到46个与单株产量相关的QTL位点,主要分布在A1、A2、C1、C2、D2、D1b、L、K、B2、N、E、J、F、G和H连锁群上,遗传率为0.15%~9.37%。遗传率较高的标记位点有BARCSOYSSR_02_0607、BARCSOYSSR_03_1620、BARCSOYSSR_19-0451、Sat_153、Sat_367、Satt229和Satt529,优异等位基因型为BARCSOYSSR_02_0607(Q1Q1)、BARCSOYSSR_03_1620(Q2Q2)、BARCSOYSSR_09_0183(Q1Q1)、Satt229(Q2Q2)、Sat_367(Q3Q3)、Satt338(Q1Q1)、Satt229(Q1Q1)和Satt668(Q1Q1)。在检测的标记位点中,BARCSOYSSR_08_0966、Sat_36、Sat_153、BARCSOYSSR_02_0607和Satt529在两个环境中重复检测,表明这5个QTL可用于分子设计育种改良单株产量。     

基于改进GM(1,N)模型的我国大豆价格影响因素分析及预测研究

大豆是我国重要的粮食作物和油料作物,其价格对于国民经济尤其是农业经济的影响意义深远。大豆价格的稳定对于我国大豆市场的健康发展有着重要的现实意义。在灰色理论的基础上,提出了一种改进GM(1,N)大豆价格预测模型,首先运用灰色关联分析法对我国大豆价格的影响因素进行分析,选择主要的影响因素;再将这些影响因素作为模型的相关因素变量,构建GM(1,N)大豆价格预测模型。采用2010-2015年的大豆数据进行实证研究,模型选取国内大豆自给量、世界大豆产量、国民消费价格指数、消费者信心指数4个变量作为相关因素变量;模型预测误差为2.10%,预测精度较高,能够较好地掌握大豆价格的变化规律,可以为大豆价格市场预测及国家宏观政策的制定提供理论指导。     

川渝地区地方和育成大豆品种SSR标记多样性分析?

利用基本均匀分布于大豆20条染色体的135对SSR标记，对232份包括6个地方品种地域亚群和1个育成品种亚群进行全基因组扫描。结果表明：所有的标记都有多态性，所有检测到的位点都是纯合基因型，说明所选用品种高度纯合，每个标记存在2～4个等位变异，平均2.66个。亚群多态信息含量变异范围0.2751-0.3165，整个群体为0.3208；亚群内Nei遗传距离变异范围0.325 8～0.359 4，整个群体为0.3711，说明川渝地区大豆遗传变异较小。亚群间的遗传一致度（GI ≥ 0.8862）较高，亚群间遗传距离（GD ≤ 0.1208）较小，地方品种亚群间遗传差异更小，育成品种亚群与自然地域亚群的遗传差异相对较大。亚群间基因分化系数（Fst）平均为 0.0722，基因流（Nm）平均为 3.214，说明不同亚群之间存在一定的基因交流。主坐标分析表明第一、二和三主成分分别解释总变异的4.97%、3.54%和3.33%。来自同一区域的品种资源基本聚集在同一亚群，聚类分析同样表明同一自然地域亚群品种资源虽不能完全聚集到同一个遗传类群中，但具有一定的聚集效应，说明川渝大豆品种资源遗传变异与地理位置有一定的关系。分子方差分析表明亚群内变异占总变异的97%，亚群间变异仅占总变异的3%。Mantel收敛分析表明地方品种自然地域亚群的遗传距离与所处的地理位置距离（纬度和海拔）呈显著的正相关关系（R2=0.723）。川渝地区大豆种质资源群体遗传丰富度不高，当前的育成品种未蕴含本地区所有遗传变异。     

大豆种间杂交F_2代主要品质性状遗传研究初报

以栽培大豆铁豆67为母本,半野生大豆YZ1621为父本,进行有性杂交,构建大豆种间杂交F2代遗传群体,对群体蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋脂总量等遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:大豆种间杂交F2代蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋脂总量的遗传分离为连续离散分布,符合正态分布,其中,脂肪含量和蛋脂总量表现出倾向高值亲本的正态分布;三性状超中亲遗传普遍存在,蛋脂总量超高亲遗传显著,超高亲比例达到66.7%;三性状的遗传方差、标准差均较小,变异系数分别为4.04%、5.13%、2.67%,表明群体内个体间的变异度不高;三性状广义遗传力均达到了55.0%以上。     

大豆突变体库构建研究进展

大豆突变体库是大豆农艺性状变异的重要来源,可以作为选育新品种资源和大豆基因功能研究的基础。综述了几种常用大豆突变体库的构建方法及其构建特点和应用范围,介绍了一些突变体库构建的新方法及其优缺点,并对这些新方法在大豆突变体库构建应用中进行了展望,为大豆育种实践和基因功能研究拓宽思路和提供参考。     

Whole-genome sequence of a novel Chinese cyprinid herpesvirus 3 isolate reveals the existence of a distinct European genotype in East Asia

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), can be subdivided primarily into European and Asian genotypes, which are represented by CyHV3-U or CyHV3-I and CyHV3-J, respectively. In this study, the whole genome sequence of a novel Chinese CyHV3 isolate (GZ11) was determined and annotated. CyHV3-GZ11 genome was found to contain 295,119 nucleotides with 52.9% G/C content, which is highly similar to those of published CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J strains. With reference to CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J, CyHV3-GZ11 was also classified into 164 open reading frames (ORF), which include eight repeated ORFs. On the basis of the 12 alloherpeviruses core genes, results from phylogenetic analysis showed that CyHV3-GZ11 had closer evolutionary relationships with CyHV3-U and CyHV3-I than with CyHV3/KHV-J, which were also supported by genome wide-based single nucleotide substitution analysis and the use of a series of developed molecular markers. This study was the first to reveal the presence of a distinct European CyHV3 genotype in East and Southeast Asia at a whole genome level, which will evoke new insights on exploring the origin, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus.     

Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of growth period traits and plant height traits in soybean recombinant inbred lines from Dongnong 47 × PI 317334-B

High and stable yield is the main goal of soybean genetic improvement. In this study, association analysis was used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the plant height, and soybean growth period using 182 SSR markers in the RIL population of 136 F_4:8 lines, which developed from a cross between photoperiod-insensitive cultivar ‘Dongnong 47’ and photoperiod-sensitive variety PI317334–B. The results showed that 33 QTLs related to soybean growth period and plant height traits were detected by compound interval mapping, and were located on 12 linkage groups including N, C1, C2, J, D1a, B2, E, G, A2, O, L, I, with the contribution rate of 7.85–33.84%. These QTL loci and linkage markers related to soybean photoperiod sensitivity, would be helpful to identify key genes that control soybean photoperiod sensitivity, and provide an important basis for the breeding of new photoperiod-insensitive soybean varieties based on molecular design breeding.