Abietic acid alleviates AGEs-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiomyocytes via inducing autophagy

AIM: This study aims to explore the effect of abietic acid (AA) on advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs)-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. METHODS: H9c2 cells were divided into 5 groups. The cells in control group were treated with saline for 24 h. The cells in AGEs treatment group were treated with AGEs (100 mg/L) for 24 h. The cells in AGEs+AA (10, 25 and 50 μmol/L) groups were simulta-neously treated with AGEs (100 mg/L) and AA (10, 25 and 50 μmol/L) for 24 h. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The protein levels of myoglobin (Mb), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved caspase-12, GADD34, BiP, LC3, P62 and beclin 1 were determined by Western blot. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by ELASA. The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The low concentration (<50 μmol/L) of abietic acid had no obvious effect on the viability of H9c2 cells. The high concentration (>50 μmol/L) of abietic acid decreased the viability of H9c2 cells. The levels of Mb, CK-MB, cTnI and LDH in AGEs group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Compared with AGEs group, the levels of Mb, CK-MB, cTnI and LDH in AGEs+AA (10, 25 and 50 μmol/L) groups were obviously reduced (P<0.05). Abietic acid at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 μmol/L inhibited AGEs-induced apoptosis, elevated the protein levels of CHOP and cleaved caspase-12, and attenuated expression of GADD34 and BiP (P<0.05). Moreover, abietic acid at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 μmol/L suppressed AGEs-induced decreased ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and expression of beclin 1, and enhanced the expression of P62 (P<0.05). 3-Methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, reversed the effect of abietic acid on the protein levels of LC3, Mb, cleaved caspase-12 and BiP (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Abietic acid alleviates AGEs-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via inducing autophagy.     

黔黑荞1号秋播高产栽培数学模型研究

采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计方法试验,以荞麦产量为目标,以播种量、氮、磷、钾肥施用量为探讨对象,建立了秋播条件下黔黑荞1号产量与播种量、氮、磷、钾肥施用量间关系的数学模型,通过模拟寻优,提出了黔黑荞1号产量≥2025kg/hm2和≥2100.OOkg/hm2的综合农艺栽培方案.     

食用菌深加工与功能性食品开发

在当前市场需求不足的情况下,开拓消费市场的重点应放在农村。本文总结了江西农村居民消费的现状与作用,提出了提高江西农村居民消费的基本对策。     

长期施有机肥和化肥对潮土胡敏酸结构特征的影响

以河南封丘长期肥料试验为平台,选择有机肥(OM)、化肥NPK(NPK)和不施肥(CK)3种处理,研究了不同施肥措施对潮土胡敏酸(HA)结构特征的影响。HA样品经提取纯化后,采用一系列固态~(13)C核磁共振(NMR)技术并结合元素分析和稳定碳同位素(δ~(13)C)技术对其结构进行定量表征。其中NMR技术包括高速多重倾斜幅度交叉极化/魔角自旋(multiCP/MAS)、偶极相移、化学位移各向异性过滤和质子碳编辑技术。结果表明:长期施有机肥和NPK肥增加了HA的饱和程度、氧化程度和极性,但缩合程度降低;HA的δ~(13)C值降低,表明有新的有机碳进入HA中。潮土HA以脂肪族化合物为主,烷基比例最高,占全碳的24.1%~26.3%;δ64~44处同时存在含氮烷基和甲氧基,且含氮烷基比例更高;另外异头碳和烷氧基中的非质子碳比例均很低。HA的芳香族成分中,δ142~113芳香碳以质子碳为主,且有少量质子芳香碳存在于δ113~93。结果还表明施肥均降低了HA的羧基和δ142~113芳香碳比例,增加了烷氧基和甲氧基比例;施有机肥还增加了酚碳和含氮烷基比例,降低了烷基比例。本研究表明长期施用有机肥和NPK肥使潮土HA结构向着疏水性程度和分解程度降低的方向发展;OM和NPK处理均使糖类物质增加,OM处理还使木质素和多肽增加,脂类物质降低。不同施肥模式下HA的形成机制不同。     

污水中内分泌干扰物去除方法的研究现状

内分泌干扰物能够影响人类和动物的健康和生殖发育。近年来,在许多污水处理厂的进水中都检测到了内分泌干扰物。为了更好地去除该类物质,通过总结相关文献,从物理方法、生物方法和高级化学氧化法3个方面对污水中内分泌干扰物的去除进行了概述,为寻找污水处理中内分泌干扰物的最佳去除方法提供了依据,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

《高级英语》教学的文体学模式

运用英语文体学理论,以张汉熙主编的《高级英语》为蓝本,探讨英语专业课程“高级英语”教学的文体学模式。从文体学的角度进行高级英语教学,就是对教材进行文体分析,包括四个层次：语音层次、词汇层次、语法层次和语篇层次。认为这种教学方法在理论和实践上都切实可行,是达到《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》要求的一条有效途径。     

关于高等数学分层教学的思考

高等数学作为各级各类综合院校大学一年级的必修课程，由于其内容抽象，思维方式较以往思维方式的跨度较大等特征，使其成为很多刚刚步入大学校门学子学习的瓶颈。随着大学精英式教育向大众式教育的转化，高等数学的分层教学模式越来越多的为各级各类高校所接受。本文主要从高等数学教学的现状，分层教学的目标和意义以及注意的问题几个方面，阐述对高等数学分层教学模式的理性思考。     

生态因子与烤烟中性挥发性香气物质的关系研究

研究生态因子与烤烟中性挥发性香气物质的关系,结果表明:海拔高度、年有效积温、年日均温、种植期均温和无霜期对类胡萝卜素降解产物都有促进作用,年日照时数和年降水量与其存在二次抛物线关系;芳香族氨基酸类物质与生态因子中的温度条件间相关关系不显著,而与海拔、年日照时数和年降水量间相关关系显著;酚类降解产物与海拔高度存在着随海拔高度升高而增加的趋势;美拉德反应产物与温度条件的关系密切;西柏烷类物质在高海拔、中等水分和较高温度条件下更有利于其合成积累,光照强弱对其影响不大;新植二烯在时照时射、和煦的天气条件下容易降解和积累。     

Management of advanced regeneration in secondary forests of the Brazilian Amazon

Gap formation is a critical process for plant establishment that may be absent or infrequent in second-growth forests, negatively influencing their ability to become diverse mature forest. I simulated treefall gaps within a 10-year-old secondary forest established on a clear-cut area, because cut areas may have a greater potential for economic exploitation than areas used for pastures and shifting cultivation. I explored the effects of varying degrees of canopy opening on the growth of plants already established as advanced regeneration. Five intensities of canopy opening were created: total removal (100%), 80–90%, 50–60%, 20–30% and a 0% control. Only trees >5 cm DBH were cut. The established plant community was diverse, and comprised 37 families and 126 species and morpho-species, of which 72% had some use reported in the literature. I found that the canopy opening treatments resulted in very little disturbance to the established seedling and sapling community, with no significant increase in mortality, but had a strong positive effect on their growth. Light levels reaching the understory were increased from 1% of incident photosynthetic active radiation in control plots to 35% in 100% canopy opening plots. During the first year, differences in plant growth were not significant, but by the second year, differential plant growth associated with canopy opening became evident. Most seedlings (51%) grew approximately 25 cm in height, and approximately one quarter grew more than 25 cm. Only 2.6% of the seedlings decreased in height, and 12% did not grow at all. Fifty percent canopy removal resulted in an almost threefold increase in plant height compared to control plots (0.52 ± 0.4 m and 0.20 ± 0.2 m, respectively), and was not significantly different from 80 or 100% removal. This indicates that intermediate levels of canopy removal had positive effects and total removal was unnecessary to stimulate the best growth responses. I conclude that regeneration of diverse mature forest can be accelerated under some conditions by partial removal of secondary forest canopy.     

板材节子视频检测数学描述理论

讲座了节子的建立与视频再现的方法，提出了节子视频识别的数学描述理论，并以实例形式验证了板材节子主截面视频识别的数学模型,介绍了板材节子主栽面视频识别的应用实例及工业化应用的前景 。