Regeneration of Styrax argenteus in natural forest and in plantations of Cupressus lindleyi in Michoacan, Mexico

We evaluated the density and population height structure of Styrax argenteus in natural pine–oak forest and in Cupressus lindleyi plantations in Michoacan, Mexico. We also evaluated whether populations of S. argenteus in pine–oak vegetation and in C. lindleyi plantations had a clumped distribution. Finally, we evaluated whether advanced regeneration of different species was higher under the crown of S. argenteus than around it. Density of S. argenteus was higher in pine–oak forest than under plantations, but density in plantations was high. The structure of populations of S. argenteus in pine–oak vegetation had more individuals with ≤ 0.5 and >2 m, while populations in plantations had more individuals in intermediate height categories. Both populations were clumped. Only one species, Rubus liebmannii had higher densities under S. argenteus, so that other species might also colonize C. lindleyi plantations as a consequence to their affinity to S. argenteus. Although S. argenteus and other native species were apparently establishing under C. lindleyi plantations, Pinus and Quercus, the dominant genera of this forest type, were not. Consequently other activities, like liberation thinning, might be required to re-establish natural vegetation under C. lindleyi plantations.

---

Resumen Evaluamos la densidad y estructura poblacional en categorías de altura para Styrax argenteus en bosque natural de pino-encino y bajo plantaciones de Cupressus lindleyi en Michoacán, México. También evaluamos si las poblaciones de S. argenteus en bosque de pino-encino y bajo plantaciones de C. lindleyi tenían una distribución agregada. Finalmente, evaluamos si la regeneración avanzada de distintas especies era mayor bajo la copa de S. argenteus, que alrededor de ésta. La densidad de S. argenteus fue mayor bajo vegetación de pino-encino que bajo las plantaciones, pero la densidad en plantaciones también fue alta. La estructura poblacional de S. argenetus en vegetación de pino-encino tuvo más individuos ≤ 0.5 y >2 m, mientras que la población en plantaciones tuvo más individuos en categorías de altura intermedias. Solo una especie, Rubus liebmannii tuvo densidades mayores bajo la copa de S. argenteus que alrededor de la misma, por lo que esta especie podría estar también colonizando plantaciones de C. lindleyi como consecuencia de su afinidad con S. argenteus. Aunque S. argenteus y otras especies se establecieron aparentemente en plantaciones de C. lindleyi, no fue así para los géneros dominantes en este tipo de bosque, Pinus y Quercus. Consecuentemente otras actividades, como cortes de liberación, sean necesarias para re-establecer la vegetación natural bajo dichas plantaciones de C. lindleyi.

     

Effects of light and intraspecific competition on growth and crown morphology of two size classes of understory balsam fir saplings

This paper characterizes the growth and crown morphology of young balsam fir saplings naturally regenerated under a gradient of understory light environments and intraspecific competition densities for two size classes (50–100 cm and 100–200 cm). Most growth and crown morphological parameters investigated were strongly related to the natural light gradient investigated (3–83% full sunlight), but the relationship tended to plateau at around 25% full sunlight. The relationships were generally better for the larger size class. Intraspecific competition did not significantly affect growth and crown morphology of saplings receiving less than 25% full sunlight, but it affected relative height growth, relative radial growth and the apical dominance ratio for those receiving more than 25% full sunlight (R²=0.506; p<0.001; R²=0.403; p<0.002; R²=0.348; p<0.001, respectively). These results suggest that live crown ratio, apical dominance ratio and the number of internodal branches can provide, alone or in combination, useful indicators of vigour for understory fir. Such a study provides the basic data inputs required for the development of empirically-derived mechanistic models that can predict understory tree growth and survival.     

基于AHP-Fuzzy的竞争力评价体系应用研究

在分析企业竞争力内涵和性质基础上,针对我国农机企业的特点,构建了农机企业竞争力评价体系。提出了评价体系的设计原则和方法,建立了指标体系,并综合运用层次分析法和模糊数学对指标体系进行了权重计算和指标处理,实现了对农机企业竞争力的科学识别和评价。     

人造米热风干燥数学模型的建立及其应用

采用循环热风干燥装置，对人造米进行脱水干燥。试验表明，在一定的工艺条件及相对湿度下，热风温度、风速对人造米产品品质有显著影响。该文建立了热风湿度为２０％，温度在７０～９０℃，风速在１．８～２．４ｍ／ｓ范围内人造米品质及其干燥过程的数学模型。干燥模型为人造米干燥过程产品质量的预测、干燥条件的控制提供了依据     

布氏杆菌病检测技术的研究进展

综述了检测布氏杆菌病的新老方法。布氏杆菌病(Brucellosis)在全球引起巨大的经济损失,对人危害严重,基因苗即将为其防制提供保障。认为,细菌学检验和凝集试验测将淘汰;沉淀试验和补体结合试验不理想;放射免疫试验不能广泛运用;变态反应主要用于绵羊,也用于山羊的筛检,不作山羊个体的诊断依据。竞争酶联免疫吸附试验尚无诊断标准。间接酶联免疫吸附试验是一种先进、快速、可靠的新方法,但不能区别疫苗抗体与致病株抗体。PCR可检1pg的布氏杆菌DNA,应用细菌DNA检测是最可靠的方法。最近建立的荧光探针分析可在野外快速准确地诊断,可用于家畜和野生动物的检测。     

IWWIP冬小麦优良品系产量试验结果分析及利用评价

2004年兰州商学院小麦研究所引进国际冬小麦改良项目(IWWIP)半干旱地和水地兼性及冬小麦优良品系产量试验(8THEYT-SA,2004—2005和9THEYT-IRR,2004—2005)两套。每套试验实际参试品种(系)20个。试验结果表明,旱地试验中9906、9914、9916、9920和9921等5份材料在生产上有直接利用价值。水地试验中9806和9825等2份材料虽然产量低于对照,但与对照的产量差异不显著,可以考虑在生产上直接利用。试验中对在不同方面(抗锈性、抗旱性、丰产性和品质等)表现突出的材料,应扬长避短进行研究利用。     

农林院校高级语言程序设计课程分级教学研究

针对高等农林院校学生高级语言程序设计水平不同,实施分级分层次教学可以较好地实现以人为本,以学生为主体的现代教学理念,提高高级语言程序设计课程教学质量,更好地满足农林专业人才的培养和社会需求。农林院校高级语言程序设计课程分级教学需要解决师资素质、教学成本、教学管理和学生心理等主要问题,需要强化以人为本的教学理念,提升师资队伍教学水平;科学选择或编写教材,认真规划设计教学内容;增加教学软硬件等设施投入,提高现代化教学管理水平;增强教师人文关怀意识,强化学生身心健康水平。     

Spatial-temporal variations in near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River during the period 2002–2011 based on the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) data

Detecting near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in high-altitude cold regions is important for understanding the Earth's surface system, but such studies are rare. In this study, we detected the spatial-temporal variations in near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) during the period 2002–2011 based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E). Moreover, the trends of onset dates and durations of the soil freeze-thaw cycles under different stages were also analyzed. Results showed that the thresholds of daytime and nighttime brightness temperatures of the freeze-thaw algorithm for the SRYR were 257.59 and 261.28 K, respectively. At the spatial scale, the daily frozen surface(DFS) area and the daily surface freeze-thaw cycle surface(DFTS) area decreased by 0.08% and 0.25%, respectively, and the daily thawed surface(DTS) area increased by 0.36%. At the temporal scale, the dates of the onset of thawing and complete thawing advanced by 3.10(±1.4) and 2.46(±1.4) days, respectively; and the dates of the onset of freezing and complete freezing were delayed by 0.9(±1.4) and 1.6(±1.1) days, respectively. The duration of thawing increased by 0.72(±0.21) day/a and the duration of freezing decreased by 0.52(±0.26) day/a. In conclusion, increases in the annual minimum temperature and winter air temperature are the main factors for the advanced thawing and delayed freezing and for the increase in the duration of thawing and the decrease in the duration of freezing in the SRYR.     

氢原子电子云的径向分布曲线的极值点

现有文献中,氢原子电子云的径向分布曲线的极值点,只介绍了个别数据,为了准确地描述氢原子电子云的径向分布,本文给出了1s～3d各径向分布曲线的全部极值点。确定曲线3s的极值点时,采用了三角解法,进行了具体计算。其余各曲线的极值点,由于求法繁而不难,就直接给出了计算结果。     

农作物生产管理决策系统中的数学推理方法

本文阐述了农作物生产管理决策系统中的数学推理方法。