吉林省蝶类资源的研究

吉林省蝶类资源比较丰富，根据多年的调查研究，共获蝶类标本１万余份，按照中国蝴蝶分类系统，鉴定并记载了７科９５属，１９４种２０７亚种，其中４１种为吉林省新记录，同时对吉林省蝶类资源及区系成分进行了分析，提出吉林省蝶类昆虫区系特征。     

Regeneration of Styrax argenteus in natural forest and in plantations of Cupressus lindleyi in Michoacan, Mexico

We evaluated the density and population height structure of Styrax argenteus in natural pine–oak forest and in Cupressus lindleyi plantations in Michoacan, Mexico. We also evaluated whether populations of S. argenteus in pine–oak vegetation and in C. lindleyi plantations had a clumped distribution. Finally, we evaluated whether advanced regeneration of different species was higher under the crown of S. argenteus than around it. Density of S. argenteus was higher in pine–oak forest than under plantations, but density in plantations was high. The structure of populations of S. argenteus in pine–oak vegetation had more individuals with ≤ 0.5 and >2 m, while populations in plantations had more individuals in intermediate height categories. Both populations were clumped. Only one species, Rubus liebmannii had higher densities under S. argenteus, so that other species might also colonize C. lindleyi plantations as a consequence to their affinity to S. argenteus. Although S. argenteus and other native species were apparently establishing under C. lindleyi plantations, Pinus and Quercus, the dominant genera of this forest type, were not. Consequently other activities, like liberation thinning, might be required to re-establish natural vegetation under C. lindleyi plantations.

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Resumen Evaluamos la densidad y estructura poblacional en categorías de altura para Styrax argenteus en bosque natural de pino-encino y bajo plantaciones de Cupressus lindleyi en Michoacán, México. También evaluamos si las poblaciones de S. argenteus en bosque de pino-encino y bajo plantaciones de C. lindleyi tenían una distribución agregada. Finalmente, evaluamos si la regeneración avanzada de distintas especies era mayor bajo la copa de S. argenteus, que alrededor de ésta. La densidad de S. argenteus fue mayor bajo vegetación de pino-encino que bajo las plantaciones, pero la densidad en plantaciones también fue alta. La estructura poblacional de S. argenetus en vegetación de pino-encino tuvo más individuos ≤ 0.5 y >2 m, mientras que la población en plantaciones tuvo más individuos en categorías de altura intermedias. Solo una especie, Rubus liebmannii tuvo densidades mayores bajo la copa de S. argenteus que alrededor de la misma, por lo que esta especie podría estar también colonizando plantaciones de C. lindleyi como consecuencia de su afinidad con S. argenteus. Aunque S. argenteus y otras especies se establecieron aparentemente en plantaciones de C. lindleyi, no fue así para los géneros dominantes en este tipo de bosque, Pinus y Quercus. Consecuentemente otras actividades, como cortes de liberación, sean necesarias para re-establecer la vegetación natural bajo dichas plantaciones de C. lindleyi.

     

Effects of light and intraspecific competition on growth and crown morphology of two size classes of understory balsam fir saplings

This paper characterizes the growth and crown morphology of young balsam fir saplings naturally regenerated under a gradient of understory light environments and intraspecific competition densities for two size classes (50–100 cm and 100–200 cm). Most growth and crown morphological parameters investigated were strongly related to the natural light gradient investigated (3–83% full sunlight), but the relationship tended to plateau at around 25% full sunlight. The relationships were generally better for the larger size class. Intraspecific competition did not significantly affect growth and crown morphology of saplings receiving less than 25% full sunlight, but it affected relative height growth, relative radial growth and the apical dominance ratio for those receiving more than 25% full sunlight (R²=0.506; p<0.001; R²=0.403; p<0.002; R²=0.348; p<0.001, respectively). These results suggest that live crown ratio, apical dominance ratio and the number of internodal branches can provide, alone or in combination, useful indicators of vigour for understory fir. Such a study provides the basic data inputs required for the development of empirically-derived mechanistic models that can predict understory tree growth and survival.     

布氏杆菌病检测技术的研究进展

综述了检测布氏杆菌病的新老方法。布氏杆菌病(Brucellosis)在全球引起巨大的经济损失,对人危害严重,基因苗即将为其防制提供保障。认为,细菌学检验和凝集试验测将淘汰;沉淀试验和补体结合试验不理想;放射免疫试验不能广泛运用;变态反应主要用于绵羊,也用于山羊的筛检,不作山羊个体的诊断依据。竞争酶联免疫吸附试验尚无诊断标准。间接酶联免疫吸附试验是一种先进、快速、可靠的新方法,但不能区别疫苗抗体与致病株抗体。PCR可检1pg的布氏杆菌DNA,应用细菌DNA检测是最可靠的方法。最近建立的荧光探针分析可在野外快速准确地诊断,可用于家畜和野生动物的检测。     

IWWIP冬小麦优良品系产量试验结果分析及利用评价

2004年兰州商学院小麦研究所引进国际冬小麦改良项目(IWWIP)半干旱地和水地兼性及冬小麦优良品系产量试验(8THEYT-SA,2004—2005和9THEYT-IRR,2004—2005)两套。每套试验实际参试品种(系)20个。试验结果表明,旱地试验中9906、9914、9916、9920和9921等5份材料在生产上有直接利用价值。水地试验中9806和9825等2份材料虽然产量低于对照,但与对照的产量差异不显著,可以考虑在生产上直接利用。试验中对在不同方面(抗锈性、抗旱性、丰产性和品质等)表现突出的材料,应扬长避短进行研究利用。     

农林院校高级语言程序设计课程分级教学研究

针对高等农林院校学生高级语言程序设计水平不同,实施分级分层次教学可以较好地实现以人为本,以学生为主体的现代教学理念,提高高级语言程序设计课程教学质量,更好地满足农林专业人才的培养和社会需求。农林院校高级语言程序设计课程分级教学需要解决师资素质、教学成本、教学管理和学生心理等主要问题,需要强化以人为本的教学理念,提升师资队伍教学水平;科学选择或编写教材,认真规划设计教学内容;增加教学软硬件等设施投入,提高现代化教学管理水平;增强教师人文关怀意识,强化学生身心健康水平。     

基于双时相ASAR影像的土壤湿度反演研究

地表粗糙度和湿度是影响裸地后向散射系数的重要因素,为了探求ENVISAT-ASAR 数据监测土壤湿度在国内的应用,该文以ASAR影像数据为基础,利用ZSribi-Dechambre(2002)经验模型研究了中国科学院南皮农业生态试验站附近一裸地的表面粗糙度和地表湿度.对雷达入射角进行归一化处理使之满足模型需求,反演结果表明该区地表粗糙度主要分布0.05～0.50 cm之间,土壤体积含水率大多分布存10%～34%之间,局部区域由于一些积水沟渠,使得土壤体积含水率较高,这与调查的实际情况相符合.反演的土壤湿度用地面实测值验证,结果发现模拟值和实测值具有较好的一致性,其RMSE误差为3.7%.该文介绍了在没有地表先验知识的情况下,利用扣除掉土壤粗糙度影响的后向散射反演模型获取土壤湿度的方法.该法仅需要两景相邻近时相并且不同入射角的HH同极化雷达影像,根据其后向散射系数的差值△"'即σ°可估算出粗糙度和土壤湿度参数,从而方便快捷地监测局部区域的土壤湿度状况.     

Spatial-temporal variations in near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River during the period 2002–2011 based on the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) data

Detecting near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in high-altitude cold regions is important for understanding the Earth's surface system, but such studies are rare. In this study, we detected the spatial-temporal variations in near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) during the period 2002–2011 based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E). Moreover, the trends of onset dates and durations of the soil freeze-thaw cycles under different stages were also analyzed. Results showed that the thresholds of daytime and nighttime brightness temperatures of the freeze-thaw algorithm for the SRYR were 257.59 and 261.28 K, respectively. At the spatial scale, the daily frozen surface(DFS) area and the daily surface freeze-thaw cycle surface(DFTS) area decreased by 0.08% and 0.25%, respectively, and the daily thawed surface(DTS) area increased by 0.36%. At the temporal scale, the dates of the onset of thawing and complete thawing advanced by 3.10(±1.4) and 2.46(±1.4) days, respectively; and the dates of the onset of freezing and complete freezing were delayed by 0.9(±1.4) and 1.6(±1.1) days, respectively. The duration of thawing increased by 0.72(±0.21) day/a and the duration of freezing decreased by 0.52(±0.26) day/a. In conclusion, increases in the annual minimum temperature and winter air temperature are the main factors for the advanced thawing and delayed freezing and for the increase in the duration of thawing and the decrease in the duration of freezing in the SRYR.     

澳大利亚乳业发展现状及对中国的启示

近年来,尽管我国乳业在上下游取得了巨大的成就,但是乳业发展仍然存在较为突出的问题。澳大利亚乳业是仅次于小麦和肉牛的第三大农业产业,其得天独厚的地理和气候条件,使其以放牧饲养为主,因此,生产成本较低。优良的牧场、科学的饲养管理、先进的育种技术和乳制品加工工艺,使其在国际乳品市场上具有较强的竞争力。笔者在澳大利亚工作期间,考察学习了澳大利亚乳业发展状况,其高效优质的生产经营模式、先进的研发体系和合理分配利益的合作社模式都值得我们借鉴学习。     

污水处理厂尾水深度处理技术的研究进展

从物化法、生物法及膜分离法等方面,对污水处理厂尾水深度处理技术进行分析。目前常用的深度处理技术为过滤、生物滤池、人工湿地、膜分离等,其中膜分离、人工湿地等技术处理效果较好。对于不同性质的尾水,应注意选择相应的深度处理技术或组合工艺。