High expression level of TAL1 gene in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia

AIM: To investigate the characteristic of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1 (TAL1) gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and in primary AML cells from de novo AML patients with different subtypes. METHODS: Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of TAL1 mRNA in acute leukemia cell lines (Jurkat, CCRF-CEM, HL-60 and NB4 cell lines) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 47 newly diagnosed AML patients. Twelve healthy individuals were served as healthy control group. RESULTS: A significantly increased level in TAL1 mRNA was found in AML cell lines (HL-60 and NB4), T-cell acute lymphacytic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines (Jurkat, CCRF-CEM) and primary AML cells compared with the healthy controls. Over-expression of TAL1 was found in all detected AML subtypes, the highest level of TAL-1 mRNA was found in AML-M1 and AML-M5 subtype (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High expression of TAL1 in AML might influence the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid cells, further investigation needs to confirm whether it would be as a biomarker for pathogenesis of AML.     

Progress on role of CCN1 in pulmonary diseases

Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) is an extracellular matrix-associated signaling protein consisting of 381 amino-acid residues, which has the regulatory function for a multitude of cellular responses. The pleiotropic effects of CCN1 on the initiation and resolution of inflammation as well as oncogenesis and development of tumor were reported. According to the numerous data from experimental and clinical studies, this article provides an overview on CCN1 and summarizes the latest understanding of the role of CCN1 in pulmonary diseases.     

Over-expression of P21 attenuates cisplatin-induced HK-2 cells injury

AIM:To investigate the effect of P21 on cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cells injury.METHODS:The expression of P21 at mRNA and protein levels in cisplatin treated human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) cells was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Over-expression of P21in the HK-2 cells was induced by the transfection of pcDNA3-P21. The cell viability and cell apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the protein expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), caspase-3, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and phosphorylation level of eucaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Cisplatin increased the mRNA and protein levels of P21 in a time-and concentration-dependent manner in the HK-2 cells. Over-expression of P21 inhibited cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis, and down-regulated the expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Furthermore, Over-expression of P21 decreased the protein levels of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP and cleaved caspase-3.CONCLUSION:Over-expression of P21 attenuates cisplatin-induced HK-2 cells injury, and the mechanism may be related to the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and inhibition of cell apoptosis.     

Role of PI3K/Nrf2 signaling pathway in endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury in rabbits

AIM: To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (PI3K/Nrf2) signaling pathway in endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury in rabbits. METHODS: Healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (group C), LPS group (group L), wortmannin+LPS group (group WL), wortmannin group (group W) and dimthyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group D). Wortmannin at dose of 0.6 mg/kg was injected via the auricular vein in groups W and WL, DMSO at concentration of 0.08 mL/kg was injected in group D, while normal saline (0.08 mL/kg) was injected in groups C and L. LPS at dose of 5 mg/kg was injected via the auricular vein in groups L and WL 30 min later, and equal volume of normal saline was injected in group C, D and W for control. The rabbits were sacrificed 6 h after LPS or normal saline administration. The kidneys were removed for microscopic examination and the determination of histological scores of kidney (HSK). The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), urinary α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), MDA content, SOD activity, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and the protein levels of total Akt, p-Akt, total Nrf2, p-Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 in the renal tissues were also detected. RESULTS: Compared with groups C, D and W, the concentrations of BUN and Cr, urinary α1-MG concentration, MDA content and HSK were significantly increased, while SOD activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and the protein levels of p-Akt, total Nrf2, p-Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 in the renal tissues were significantly increased in groups L and WL. No significant change among groups C, D and W was observed. Compared with group L, the concentrations of BUN and Cr, urinary α1-MG concentration, MDA content and HSK were significantly increased, while SOD activity, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and the protein levels of p-Akt, total Nrf2, p-Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 in the renal tissues were significantly decreased in group WL. CONCLUSION: Activation of PI3K/Nrf2 signaling pathway may be one of the regulatory mechanisms of the body adapting to the endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury in rabbits.     

甲胺磷、90-消毒剂对欧洲鳗仔鳗的急性毒性作用

采用静水实验法进行甲胺磷乳剂,９０－消毒剂对欧洲鳗仔鳗急性毒性试验研究。结果表明：在试验浓度３２－５６ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内,欧洲鳗仔鳗中毒死亡发生在３０－４４ｈ,对甲胺磷乳剂急性中毒死亡的时间集中且持续短促;甲胺磷乳剂对欧洲鳗仔鳗的半致死浓度为３５．９ｍｇ／Ｌ,安全浓度为３．６ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

对苯二胺对泥鳅的急性毒性及安全评价

研究对苯二胺对泥鳅的急性毒性并进行安全性评价。在实验室条件下,以染发剂的主要成分对苯二胺为诱变剂,采用半静水试验法,研究了对苯二胺在不同浓度(0、15、17.85、21.24、25.27和30mg/L)和不同染毒时间(24、48、72和96h)条件下,对泥鳅(Misgurnus angullicaudatus)的急性毒性作用。结果表明:对苯二胺24、48、72和96h的LC50分别是39.40、27.93、23.69和18.78mg/L,安全浓度为4.21mg/L。根据有毒物质对鱼类的急性毒性标准,对苯二胺属于高毒性污染物(LC50在1～100mg/L),建议染发时谨慎使用,并关注染发污水排放对环境的影响。     

飞机草总黄酮提取工艺及其急性毒性研究

[目的]优化飞机草总黄酮提取工艺,并研究飞机草总黄酮提取物对小鼠的急性毒性。[方法]以飞机草总黄酮提取率为关键指标,采用超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验设计,对提取时间、提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度等提取条件进行优化,筛选飞机草总黄酮提取的最佳工艺;以昆明种小鼠为试验动物,进行飞机草总黄酮提取物口服急性毒性试验,测定半数致死LD50和最大耐受量。[结果]飞机草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为提取时间5 h、提取温度70℃、料液比1∶60(g∶m L)、乙醇浓度70%,飞机草总黄酮提取率为7.13%;飞机草总黄酮提取物对昆明种小鼠的口服LD50未测得,其小鼠口服最大耐受量为80 000 mg/kg。[结论]飞机草总黄酮属于实际无毒物质。     

铅对波纹巴非蛤的急性毒性和组织蓄积性研究

[目的]研究不同浓度Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤的急性毒性。[方法]采用水生动物急性毒性试验方法,研究了不同浓度(3.0~7.0mg/L)Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)的急性毒性,分别对96 h半致死浓度(4.119 mg/L)和安全浓度(0.041 mg/L)下0~120 h各组织中Pb2+的蓄积量进行了测定。[结果]Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为7.187、5.788、4.646和4.119 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为0.041 mg/L。铅对波纹巴非蛤的毒性级别为高毒级(LC50为1~100 mg/L)。在96 h半致死浓度和安全浓度下,120 h波纹巴非蛤各组织Pb2+的蓄积量从大到小均依次为鳃、内脏、肌肉。[结论]食用波纹巴非蛤有一定的安全风险。     

Prevalence of Gastric Ulcerations in Horses with Colic

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastric ulcers in horses with acute abdominal crisis (colic) and to examine the temporal effect of hospitalization on ulcer development in equine patients treated for colic. In addition, other factors that may be associated with gastric ulceration were also explored. The study design was a prospective original study incorporating 169 horses that presented to the George D. Widener Hospital for examination. One hundred and twelve horses presenting with the chief complaint of colic were included in the study group, and 57 horses that presented for non-colic or nonemergency complaints were evaluated and included as case controls. Gastroscopy was performed on equine patients presenting with the chief complaint of colic or horses presenting for reasons other than colic (control); mucosal changes were scored 0 to 3. Additionally, horses presenting for colic were gastroscopically evaluated twice during a 5-day period. Medical records were reviewed for history, clinical findings, laboratory results, and treatment. Seventy-six of 112 horses presenting with the chief complaint of colic had gastric ulceration compared with 41 of 57 horses in the control group. There was a significant association between age of the patient and chief complaint (ie, colic vs control) and between breed and chief complaint. There was no association between gastric ulcer score and chief complaint (colic vs control). Thirty-eight of the 112 horses presenting with colic deteriorated in ulcer score while hospitalized. Using a Pearson chi-squared test, there was no statistically significant association between gastric ulceration with age, breed, or sex. Horses with gastric ulceration in the colic group had lower packed cell volumes compared with horses presenting with colic without gastric ulcers, and this was statistically significant (P < .001). The high incidence of gastric ulceration in the study and control groups supports the reports of other investigators that gastric ulcers in horses, no matter the presenting complaint, are widespread. There was a significant association between breed and chief complaint (P = .005); however, breed and outcome of gastric ulceration were not related (Thoroughbreds were the least likely breed to present for colic). Although a trend in increasing gastric ulceration was seen in hospitalized colic patients, it was not statistically significant. This suggests that horses that are hospitalized may be at increased risk for developing gastric ulcers because of stress, feed deprivation, and administration of treatment. Thus, horses that present for colic should be gastroscopically evaluated if clinical signs raise the index of suspicion for gastric ulceration.     

不同水温条件下重金属对三角帆蚌幼蚌的急性致毒效应

[目的]探索重金属在不同水温条件下对双壳贝类的毒性效应。[方法] 采用静态急性毒性试验的方法研究了在21、25和29 ℃条件下水体中不同浓度的Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋ 对三角帆蚌幼蚌存活的影响。[结果] 在3种水温条件下,3种重金属离子对三角帆蚌幼蚌的毒性大小依次为：Hg^2＋〉Cd^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉。水温在21、25和29 ℃条件下,3种重金属对三角帆蚌幼蚌的96 h半致死浓度（LC50）分别为：Hg^2＋分别是3.435 9、 0.129 2 和 0.108 7 mg/L;Cd^2＋分别是6.345 9、1.003 7 和0.387 9 mg/L;Zn^2＋分别是116.928 8、4.951 5 和 2.849 7 mg/L。当水温从21 ℃升至25 ℃时,Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋对幼蚌的毒性分别增强了26.6、6.3 和23.6倍;水温从25 ℃升至29 ℃时,Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的毒性分别增强了1.2、2.6和1.7倍。[结论] 水温是重金属急性毒性效应的影响因素,随着温度的升高,重金属的毒性逐渐增强。