氮磷用量对豫北地区小麦产量的交互效应研究

采用盆栽试验研究了氮磷不同用量与配比对小麦产量的影响,分析了产量与小麦不同生育期各生理指标之间的关系。结果表明:氮磷施用存在最佳配比,当氮磷肥用量分别相当于220kg(N)·hm-2和160kg(P2O5)·hm-2时,小麦产量最高。小麦产量与根系活力、开花期酸性磷酸酶活性和拔节期硝酸还原酶活性密切相关,根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性与小麦吸收的氮磷总量呈显著正相关关系。根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性随着磷肥用量增加而提高,随着氮肥用量增加先提高后下降,因此过多的氮肥施用通过降低小麦根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性等,减少小麦对氮磷吸收,进而降低产量。     

卡洛芬注射液抗炎、镇痛效果及皮肤刺激性观察

探讨卡洛芬注射液的抗炎、镇痛作用与皮肤刺激性。以市售托芬那酸注射液为对照药物,抗炎作用采用小鼠耳肿胀法、大鼠踝关节肿胀法,镇痛作用采用小鼠热板法、小鼠醋酸扭体法,刺激性采用兔的皮肤刺激试验考察卡洛芬注射液I、II的抗炎、镇痛作用与刺激性。结果显示,各给药组对二甲苯所致的小鼠耳炎具有明显的抑制作用,且与生理盐水组差异显著(P<0.05);可抑制甲醛所致的大鼠踝关节肿胀,托芬那酸组的肿胀抑制率最高,其次为卡洛芬I组。卡洛芬I组和托芬那酸组在15、30 min时均可有效延长小鼠热板痛阈值;卡洛芬II组没有明显镇痛效果。卡洛芬I组和II组对小鼠扭体的潜伏期没有明显改变,但扭体次数相对较少,扭体抑制率分别为34.7%和17.5%。托芬那酸组第一次扭体的潜伏期较长,扭体抑制率为42.6%。兔的皮肤刺激性试验各给药组均未出现不良反应。卡洛芬I组药效快,抗炎、镇痛效果显著,安全无刺激性,效果优于卡洛芬II组。     

SO2及酸雨胁迫对不同时期冬小麦叶绿素含量的影响

采用开顶式熏气装置和模拟酸雨分别对盆栽小麦进行熏气和酸雨胁迫试验,在相同质量浓度下,研究不同熏气时间(0、30、60、90、120min)、不同时期(抽穗期、扬花期、灌浆期)和不同酸雨pH(1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5、5.6)对叶绿素a、b及总含量的变化影响。结果表明,在SO2熏气处理下,叶绿素a、b含量及总含量都受到影响,降幅都较大,其中叶绿素b较容易受到影响;扬花期小麦受影响最小,抽穗期最大。在酸雨胁迫条件下,叶绿素a、b含量及总含量都受到影响,其中叶绿素a较易受到影响;扬花期小麦受影响最小,抽穗期最大。     

Fenvalerate induced stress mitigation by dietary supplementation of multispecies probiotic mixture in a tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Five experimental diets with various combinations of probiotics, namely T1 & T6 (basal feed (BF) without probiotics), T2 & T7 (BF + Bacillus subtilis + Lactococcus lactis), T3 & T8 (BF + L. lactis + Saccharomyces cerevisiae), T4 & T9 (BF + B. subtilis + S. cerevisiae) and T5 & T10 (BF + B. subtilis + L. lactis + S. cerevisiae) were fed to Labeo rohita fingerlings for 30 days. Treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were exposed to Fenvalerate, at a concentration of 1.79 μg L⁻¹. The SOD and CAT activity was significantly affected (P < 0.01) in fenvalerate treated groups. However, the supplementation of the three-probiotic mixture at equal concentration showed markedly reduced activity. Similarly, RBC, Hb, NBT, total protein and albumin values were reduced significantly (P < 0.01) in the fenvalerate exposed fish as compared to the probiotic supplemented fish. Fenvalerate exposure also showed increased serum ALP, ACP and Bilirubin values (P < 0.01) in comparison to the non-exposed fish. Histological observations of the gills, kidney and liver showed tissue degeneration after fenvalerate exposure, which however showed marked recovery on the three-probiotic mixture supplementation. Therefore, these results indicate that a mixture of multi-species probiotic supplementation in equal concentration acts beneficially in mitigating the stressful effects of fenvalerate.     

一种用于芽孢杆菌代谢物细胞毒性的快速检测方法

为建立一种快速检测芽孢杆菌细胞毒性的方法,通过比较不同的细胞以及活性测定方法,确立以非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero细胞)为受试细胞,MTT比色法作为芽孢杆菌代谢物细胞毒性的检测方法,并对检测条件进行了优化.利用优化后的方法对81株不同来源芽孢杆菌的细胞毒性进行检测,发现有16株芽孢杆菌具有细胞毒性.通过毒素编码基因PCR、溶...     

苦荆茶中多酚类物质的含量测定

应用比色法对苦荆茶(Ilex.sp)中总多酚类物质的含量进行了测定,发现了多酚类物质在不同等级和产地的茶叶中含量存在差异,嫩叶中含量明显高于老叶;在芽叶中多酚类物质含量竟高达9.39%左右,接近普通绿茶中茶多酚的含量,因而推测苦荆茶可能具有抗氧化、抗衰老和延年益寿的功效.     

土壤微生物溶磷分子机理研究进展

土壤中均含有大量的难溶性磷,而有效磷含量一般较低,土壤磷素供给不足常常是制约作物生长发育的重要因素之一。因此,活化土壤难溶性磷,增强土壤供磷能力,一直是人们普遍关注的重要问题。土壤中存在大量的溶磷微生物,这些微生物能够将难溶磷转化为植物能够吸收利用的有效磷。可见,了解这些微生物的溶磷机理,对于利用其溶磷功能、提高土壤磷素利用效率十分重要。本文对近年来微生物溶磷分子机理进行了综述。     

Grasses, litter, and their interaction affect microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity

Plant effects on ecosystem processes are mediated through plant-microbial interactions belowground and soil enzyme assays are commonly used to directly relate microbial activity to ecosystem processes. Live plants influence microbial biomass and activity via differences in rhizosphere processes and detrital inputs. I utilized six grass species of varying litter chemistry in a factorial greenhouse experiment to evaluate the relative effect of live plants and detrital inputs on substrate-induced respiration (SIR, a measure of active microbial biomass), basal respiration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the activities of β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase. To minimize confounding variables, I used organic-free potting media, held soil moisture constant, and fertilized weekly. SIR and enzyme activities were 2-15 times greater in litter-addition than plant-addition treatments. Combining live plants with litter did not stimulate microbial biomass or activity above that in litter-only treatments, and β-glucosidase activity was significantly lower. Species-specific differences in litter N (%) and plant biomass were related to differences in β-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, respectively, but had no apparent effect on β-glucosidase, SIR, or basal respiration. DOC was negatively related to litter C:N, and positively related to plant biomass. Species identity and living plants were not as important as litter additions in stimulating microbial activity, suggesting that plant effects on soil enzymatic activity were driven primarily by detrital inputs, although the strength of litter effects may be moderated by the effect of growing plants.     

不同石榴品种营养成分分析

以云南蒙自产的不同石榴品种及相同品种的套袋果实为原料,对其物理性状、总糖、总酸和维生素C含量进行了分析。结果表明:果形和籽粒以甜绿籽和酸绿籽为最佳;总糖含量甜红光颜最高,甜绿籽次之,甜沙籽最少;维生素C含量甜沙籽最高,甜绿籽最低。总糖和维生素C含量随成熟度而增加,未套袋石榴的总糖和维生素C均高于套袋石榴;套袋石榴的总酸度含量(以柠檬酸计)低于未套袋石榴。     

绿盲蝽卵的染色方法及其在棉花和苜蓿上的分布

为了明确绿盲蝽在棉花和苜蓿植株上的产卵特性,采用改进的酸性品红染色法,调查了绿盲蝽在棉花和苜蓿植株不同部位上的产卵情况。结果表明:绿盲蝽在棉花植株上的产卵部位与其趋嫩特性密切相关,主要产卵部位是嫩叶和腋芽,其次是幼蕾和嫩叶柄,这4个幼嫩部位上的产卵量占棉花植株总卵量的79.57%,而在其他部位上的产卵量较少;但是在苜蓿植株上,绿盲蝽的主要产卵部位是刚收割后的新茬和嫩尖,2个部位的产卵量分别占苜蓿植株总卵量的43.90%和25.30%,并且在旧茬上也有11.59%的产卵量,而在嫩叶上产卵量却很少(仅占总卵量的0.91%)。绿盲蝽在植株上的产卵部位与其趋嫩习性有关,但也会因寄主种类的不同而存在差异。