食品中柑橘红2号与罗丹明B及苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ的高效液相色谱检验方法

建立高效液相色谱同时测定食品中多种脂溶性染料的含量测定,脂溶性着色剂用正己烷提取后经中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,用反相色谱柱分离,高效液相色谱仪测定,外标法定量。样品前处理简单快捷,分离度高,灵敏度高且结果准确可靠,大大提高了实验室的工作效率。     

新型酸性亮蓝染色剂对蚕丝的染色匀度试验(英文)

新型酸性亮蓝是目前纺织印染的流行染色剂。用不均匀性指数对染色匀度进行分级,研究了该染色剂不同色度对蚕丝染色匀度的影响。以该染色剂的14个色度对蚕丝进行染色,测定各色度染液处理蚕丝的反光值(用K/S值表示),结果发现该染色剂对蚕丝染色的不均匀性指数在所有色度水平下并不是恒定的,染色均匀性在染色剂色度为1.5%时开始出现,其后随着色度增加染色匀度也越来越好,到染色剂色度为4%时染色匀度最好,之后染色匀度又变差。     

几种用于光学显微镜观测的桑叶表皮整体制片方法比较

为了简便而快速制作适用于光学显微镜观测的桑叶表皮标本,采用不同方法分别对桑叶表皮进行整体制片后于光学显微镜下观察其形态特征,比较制片效果。结果表明:用直接剥离法、煮沸剥离法和离析法制作的桑叶表皮标本在光学显微镜下均呈现出清晰结构,桑叶表皮气孔器开张的纵径和横径基本一致,其中离析法制作标本的桑叶表皮的气孔呈阔椭圆形,气孔器面积显著大于直接剥离法和煮沸剥离法制作标本的检测数据,最接近桑树成熟叶片气孔器充分开张时的面积值。因此认为,离析法最适用于桑叶表皮整体制片,该方法定位性能强,操作简便且效率高。     

Effects of maturity stage and feeding strategy of whole crop barley silage on intake, digestibility and milk production in dairy cows

Five diets containing concentrate, grass silage and whole crop barley silage (WCBS) harvested at different maturity stages were fed to 15 multiparous dairy cows in an incomplete change-over design over three periods. Three diets contained 10.7 kg dry matter (DM) concentrate, 4 kg DM grass silage, and ad libitum access to WCBS harvested at either the heading stage (B1), the early milk stage (B2) or the early dough stage (B3) of maturity. The other two diets contained 10.7 kg DM concentrate, whereas grass silage and WCBS at heading were mixed at two different ratios with a DM content of WCBS of either 0.30 (M1) or 0.70 (M2), and the mixtures were fed ad libitum. Intakes of DM (kg day^− 1: B1 = 21.0, B2 = 20.6 and B3 = 20.0) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF; kg day^− 1: B1 = 7.0, B2 = 6.4 and B3 = 6.3) decreased, whereas starch intake increased (kg day^− 1: B1 = 3.1, B2 = 3.5 and B3 = 4.0) with increasing maturity at harvest. The apparent organic matter (OM) digestibility (g kg^− 1: B1 = 800, B2 = 774 and B3 = 729) decreased with increasing maturity stage, and consequently so did the digestible OM intake. Milk (kg day^− 1: B1 = 27.2, B2 = 26.1 and B3 = 25.9) and energy corrected milk (ECM; kg day^− 1: B1 = 31.0, B2 = 29.4 and B3 = 28.2) yields, and protein concentration (g kg^− 1: B1 = 37.1, B2 = 36.4 and B3 = 36.0) decreased with increasing maturity stage of the WCBS. When cows were fed diet B3 the milk fat concentration decreased (46.4 g kg^− 1) compared to diets B1 (49.3 g kg^− 1) and B2 (49.4 g kg^− 1). The difference in ECM yield between diets B1 and B3 was due to a combined effect of lower milk yield, and lower protein and fat concentrations. This was caused by the higher starch and lower NDF intakes with diet B3, which decreased the milk fat concentration. Moreover, a lower energy intake of diet B3 due to lower OM digestibility decreased milk protein concentration and milk yield. Mixing WCBS at the heading stage with grass silage (M2) decreased digestibility, compared to feeding the forages separately (B1). However, the differences were small and may be a result of soil contamination at harvest of some of the silages, which made the method with using incomplete faecal collection and internal marker acid insoluble ash less reliable. Including WCBS at the heading stage at 0.30 or 0.70 of forage DM did not affect DM intake or diet digestibility, probably because the grass silage in the study was very similar in energy content to the WCBS harvested at heading.     

酸性土壤胁迫下丹波黑大豆和云南小黑豆生理特性研究

以酸性土壤耐受能力差异明显的2个大豆品种丹波黑大豆和云南小黑豆为材料,分别在pH 4.55的黄壤、pH5.60的红壤和pH 7.14的正常土壤上盆栽种植,于出苗后50 d观察生长状况并测定根和叶的主要生理指标,研究大豆对酸性土壤胁迫的耐受生理机理.结果表明:在弱酸和强酸性土壤上丹波黑大豆都能形成根瘤、生长良好,而云南小...     

Effect of simulated acid fog on membrane-bound calcium (mCa) in fir (Abies firma) and cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) mesophyll cells

The decline of virgin fir (Abies firma) forest at Mt. Oyama has been reported. Related field observations suggest that high acidity fog is linked with its decline. However, cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in the same area shows no symptoms of decline. For assessing effects of acid fog on membrane-bound calcium (mCa) of the leaf mesophyll cells, 9-year-old seedlings of fir (Abies firma) and 8-year-old seedlings of cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were exposed twice a week to simulated acid fog (SAF at pH 3 with pH 5 as control) for 2 h per day in a chamber during May–December 2007 (except August). Current and 1-year-old needles were collected from seedlings and analyzed at 1-month intervals. For current-year needles of fir, mCa levels in cells exposed to SAF at pH 3 were significantly lower than in cells exposed to pH 5, especially during September 2007–March 2008. In contrast, it is noteworthy that mCa levels of cedar were maintained as virtually constant irrespective of SAF acidity, indicating that fir is more sensitive to acid fog than is cedar. Based on these results, mCa loss by acid fog might also be caused in the declining virgin fir forest at Mt. Oyama.     

正交法优化提取苹果渣中果胶的工艺研究

[目的]研究苹果渣中果胶的提取工艺。[方法]通过酸水解乙醇沉淀法从苹果渣中提取苹果果胶,设计4因素3水平正交试验研究料水比、pH值、提取时间和温度等因素对果胶得率的影响,对酸解法提取苹果渣中果胶的最佳提取工艺进行优化,确定最佳的提取条件。[结果]结果表明,水解体系的料液比对果胶得率影响最大,其次是pH值、提取时间,最后是提取温度。最佳水解条件为：水解温度90℃,水解体系pH值2．0,水解时间90min,料液比1：12,果胶产率可达到9．25％。[结论]该研究结果为苹果渣的高效利用提供参考。     

急性病毒性坏死病毒引物酶表达及酶学活性分析

根据急性病毒性坏死病毒(acute viral necrosis virus,AVNV)ORF 024序列设计引物,以AVNV的DNA为模板进行扩增AVNV引物酶(primase)基因,同时构建表达质粒pET32a-prim,并转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE检测显示诱导表达两条蛋白条带,其中分子量为60 ku的蛋白条带与预期表达蛋白条带大小一致,另一蛋白条带分子量约为55 ku,经Western-blotting及质谱分析鉴定分子量60 ku的蛋白条带为AVNV-引物酶,而表达出的55 ku蛋白条带存在部分引物酶多肽片段。RNA结合荧光染料Pico-Green在30 min内荧光强度比较稳定,从而确定30 min为进行AVNV引物酶活性分析的最佳终止反应时间,并在引物合成实验中观察到30 min内引物酶活性较高。当使用多聚胞嘧啶寡核苷酸poly(d C)为模板时,重组引物酶能特异性催化底物GTP。0.1 mmol/L Zn2+可显著增强引物酶活性,而1mmol/L Mn2+和EDTA能抑制引物酶活性。     

EMS对不同大豆品种M2代农艺性状的影响

为了明确甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对不同大豆品种的诱变效果,利用0.5% EMS溶液处理4个大豆品种种子,对M2代主要农艺性状的遗传变异进行分析。结果表明：各品种的农艺性状均发生一定程度的变异,分枝数的变异系数最大,其次为单株粒数、单株荚数和单株粒重,而株高和主茎节数的变异系数较小,但在早熟品种当中这些变异大多达到显著水平,而在晚熟品种中均未达显著水平。从熟期的变异来看,各品种都诱变出早熟或晚熟的变异株,总的熟期变异株比例达43.1%,且早熟突变比例(24.6%)大于晚熟突变(18.5%),但在早熟品种中无论是早熟突变还是晚熟突变的比例都大于晚熟品种。     

巴西橡胶树胶乳中黄色体破裂指数测定方法的优化

黄色体破裂指数是橡胶树胶乳生理诊断方法的一个核心指标,但目前使用的黄色体破裂指数测定方法存在重复性差、准确性不高的缺陷。以无性系热研7-33-97为材料,比较胶乳采集、样品保存、游离酸性磷酸酶活性的测定及总酸性磷酸酶活性的测定等几个环节对破裂指数测定的影响。结果表明：C-乳清是测定游离酸性磷酸酶活性的最佳样品,并于4 ℃放置24 h不会影响游离酸性磷酸酶活性的测定;全胶乳经冻融、震荡及去污剂处理后,可得到最高的总酸性磷酸酶活性;反应完毕后的离心速度对实验结果无明显影响。此方法具有重复性好、准确性高的特点,是一种适合黄色体破裂指数测定的方法。