中国槭树资源与观赏利用

文章报道了我国槭树资源的水平与垂直分布概况和观赏槭树资源及利用、引种,并提出了保护的建议。     

元宝枫发酵酸乳加工工艺研究

以元宝枫种仁为主要原料,通过乳酸菌发酵,研制元宝枫酸乳,其最佳工艺参数为：种仁与水的比例为１１２,奶粉、蔗糖和葡萄糖添加量分别为２％、６％和１％,接种量３％,发酵温度４３℃,发酵时间５ｈ。     

红花槭新品种‘金色秋天’

‘金色秋天’是从加拿大引进的红花槭实生苗中选育出的新品种。叶片为五裂,10月下旬开始逐步转为金黄色,11月中旬为最佳观叶期,观叶期达30 d。8年生母树未见开花和结实。树体生长健壮,适应性广,适合安徽省及周边地区栽培。     

Determinants of floodplain forest development illustrated by the example of the floodplain forest in the District of Leipzig

This paper discusses determinants of the historical and current spatial extent of the floodplain forest in Leipzig as well as its tree species composition using a GIS-data based delineation model and historical forest inventories for the floodplain forest in the district of Leipzig in Germany from the 19th to the 20th century. We found that the spatial extent of the floodplain forest remained considerably stable in spite of an overall decline in the entire floodplain area from the period where the city first experienced industrialisation in the 19th century to now. However, with river regulations and the alteration of forest management from coppice-with-standards forest to high forest in the 19th century, major changes can be found in the tree species composition of the floodplain forest. Comparing these findings with references from other European floodplain forests we discuss the impact of historical and current forest management as well as the city location's influence on the extent and tree species composition of urban floodplain forests. For urban forest management in particular there is a great need to integrate biophysical, historical and forestry knowledge when predicting future developmental trends.     

Lichen diversity in temperate montane forests is influenced by forest structure more than climate

Although the effect of forest management on lichens in temperate forests has been widely examined, little is known about the influence of management-related factors on their biodiversity relative to factors that cannot be altered by management. Here we determined whether forest structure or climate determines lichen diversity in the Bavarian Forest National Park in southeastern Germany, taking spatial variables into account. We investigated 517 single tree stems along 4 transects in 113 pre-stratified plots (8 m in diameter) in this montane forest. We grouped environmental variables into three sets: climate (macroclimate, non-manageable), forest structure (manageable), and space. The explanatory powers of these sets of variables for lichen diversity were compared using variance partitioning for the lichen community, species density, and threatened species density. The relationships of single characteristics of forest structure with lichen species diversity were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLM). Lichen diversity was better explained by stand structures than by climate. Spatial effects influenced the number of species per plot. Among the structural features, the availability of dead wood and sycamore maple as well as forest continuity were most important for the enhancement of lichen diversity. Open canopy structures affected the total diversity positively. Although the availability of large trees was not an influential factor in the GLM at the plot level, high diversity levels were generally associated with large stem diameters at the level of single stems. We provide recommendations for sustainable forest-management practices that aim at specifically enhancing lichen diversity in temperate areas experiencing low levels of air pollution.     

红枫的繁殖与栽培研究进展

红枫是一种十分重要的园林绿化、美化树种,更是园林中的红叶珍品植物之一,是余姚市花木的主导品种之一。对国内关于红枫的生物学及生态学特性、繁殖技术、栽培技术、应用技术、产业研究等方面的研究进展进行了概述,旨在为余姚市红枫产业的进一步发展提供借鉴。     

温光交叉胁迫对日本红枫叶片叶绿素荧光和叶黄素循环的影响

主要研究了温度和光照互作条件下对日本红枫叶片叶绿素含量、荧光参数、叶黄素循环以及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：高温强光、高温弱光处理的日本红枫叶片叶绿素含量分别降低29.1%和22.9%;高温强光使花色素含量降低6%;处理90 min后高温强光使叶片的Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm分别下降至处理前的80.5%、11%和36.9%;高温强光、高温弱光使叶片的叶黄素循环库分别降低9.7%和7.3%,（A＋Z）/（V＋A＋Z）比值分别升高66.2%和61.9%;弱光条件下温度对叶绿素含量的影响比在强光条件下更明显;强光条件下温度对花色素含量的影响比在弱光条件下明显;高温导致日本红枫叶片发生光抑制,诱导红枫叶片叶黄素循环启动;高温强光、低温强光、高温弱光都会影响日本红枫叶片内多数抗氧化酶活性,这三种处理使日本红枫叶片的正常生长受到一定程度的胁迫。     

龙利叶多酚提取条件优化及其抗氧化活性研究

在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化龙利叶中多酚的提取工艺,并研究其抗氧化活性,以期为龙利叶多酚的开发应用提供理论依据。提取剂采用乙醇溶液,研究乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数这5个因素对龙利叶多酚提取的影响。结果表明,龙利叶多酚最优提取条件如下:乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1︰30、提取时间30 min、提取温度60℃。在此条件下龙利叶多酚的得率为4.38 mg/g。龙利叶多酚清除DPPH·自由基的半抑制浓度(IC50)为1.91 g/mL,抗坏血酸的IC50为6.75 g/mL。还原力的测定中,当吸光度同为0.5时,龙利叶多酚与抗坏血酸质量浓度分别为9.94 g/mL与32.06 g/mL,表明龙利叶多酚对DPPH·自由基的清除能力以及还原力均强于抗坏血酸。     

野生益智的光合特性研究

以陵水、保亭、万宁3地的野生益智(Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.)为材料,研究不同地点益智的光合特性,包括净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、叶面积、叶绿素含量、土壤养分及它们之间的关系。结果表明,除保亭和万宁的气孔导度没有显著差异外,其他光合指标都存在显著差异;3地的叶面积存在显著差异,保亭和万宁、陵水和万宁的叶绿素含量也存在显著差异;陵水与万宁、保亭与万宁的土壤氮、磷含量差异都达到了显著水平,保亭与陵水、万宁与陵水的土壤钾含量差异达到了显著水平;净光合速率与叶面积、叶绿素含量呈显著正相关,胞间CO2浓度与叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关;土壤磷含量与益智的高度和密度呈显著或极显著正相关,与净光合速率呈显著负相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈极显著正相关;钾含量与净光合速率、蒸腾速率呈极显著负相关;氮含量与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈显著正相关。试验结果为提高益智的品质,为野生益智的驯化、改良和保护提供了基础资料与科学依据。     

元宝枫优质叶用品系选育方式的探讨

[目的]通过对不同系号元宝枫叶片形态特点和叶片中6种药用成分含量的分析,为黄酮类、酚类化合物的定性定量检测、元宝枫叶茶的开发利用及优良无性系的筛选提供参考。[方法]采用常规方法测定叶片形态指标、超声提取和HPLC法检测叶片药用成分。[结果]叶片形态的变异情况为叶柄长裂宽裂长叶长叶宽叶基角,叶片裂宽大都在2 3 cm左右,叶基角除6-1外,都小于180°。叶片中槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素、儿茶素、绿原酸、咖啡酸平均含量分别为2 979.65、1 474.92、268.12、1 380.18、218.28、8.13μg·g-1。元宝枫的叶柄长与绿原酸含量的相关系数是-0.735*;鲁红1号母树与其无性繁殖幼树叶片药用成分的相关系数达到0.914*。6号系列黄酮类物质含量较高,而1号系列酚类物质含量较高。不同家系、同一家系的不同无性系叶片药用成分也有显著差异。[结论]叶用元宝枫无性系的选育可尝试采用间接选择的育种方式,例如可以通过选择叶柄长来改良绿原酸含量;叶片药用成分含量的幼成相关关系表明元宝枫叶片药用成分含量的早期选择也是可行的;家系内不同无性系叶片药用成分的显著差异揭示了元宝枫家系内选择的必要性;鲁红1号的叶较大、各药用成分含量较高,且秋季叶色变红,可以作为药与赏兼用的优质品系资源。