西藏长鞭红景天炼苗及移栽技术研究

[目的]研究西藏长鞭红景天的炼苗及移栽技术。[方法]在长鞭红景天组培苗的炼苗及移栽过程中,采取不同的处理方法,进行对比试验。[结果]使用高浓度青霉素钠处理组培苗,抑菌能力强,无严重污染现象,未污染苗株数最多;在4种对比基质中,腐殖土-珍珠岩(5∶5,W/W)的栽培基质最有利于长鞭红景天的生长,成活率可达65%;移栽预处理过程中对组培苗洗根后的成活率高于未洗根的;对栽培基质消毒后,移栽苗的成活率高于未消毒的。[结论]长鞭红景天组培苗需要2个月左右才生根,且苗长势较弱,部分苗为徒长苗。     

木薯酒精废液厌氧发酵菌种的筛选及其初步发酵研究

[目的]驯化出适合木薯酒精废液特性的厌氧降解菌,探讨提高发酵效果的几个生态因子对发酵过程的影响。[方法]试验以牛粪为菌种来源,采用逐级驯化的方式,驯化培养出了适合厌氧发酵处理木薯酒精废液的菌种,在已驯化成功的菌种上采用单因素试验研究基质浓度和氮源投加比例对厌氧发酵的影响。同时还研究了微量元素液、碱金属与碱土金属离子以及铁离子等外源添加物对厌氧发酵COD降解以及甲烷产量情况的影响。[结果]单因素试验时,基质浓度以5倍稀释液的发酵效果最佳,氮源投加比例以100∶3.5时效果最佳;添加微量元素液、碱金属与碱土金属离子均有利于厌氧发酵的进行,而铁离子的添加对厌氧反应产生了一定的抑制。[结论]研究得出了适合木薯酒精废液特性的厌氧降解菌,而且向发酵瓶中投加少量的微量元素液能保证发酵液的COD降解更彻底。     

Adaptive changes in heart during acclimation to hypoxia in the rat

AIM:To study the changes in myocardial blood flow (MBF), capillarization and cardiac function in the rat during acclimation to hypoxia. METHODS:Myocardial capillary density (CD) and capillary/myocyte ratio (C/M) was assayed by alkaline phosphatase histochemistry. Biomicrosphere method was used to determine MBF in the rat after 5, 15 or 30 days hypobaric hypoxic exposure (5 000 m). RESULTS:In the course of hypoxia, MBF and cardiac function increased in the right ventricle. However, in the left ventricle, acute hypoxia caused an increase in MBF and a decrease in cardiac function. Both returned to the control level on continued hypoxic exposure. Neovascularization occurred after 15 day or 30 day of hypoxic exposure in both ventricles, judged from the significant increment of C/M ratio albeit the CD remained unchanged in the right ventricle. CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that adaptive changes in rat heart during acclimation to hypoxia include: ① persistent increase in MBF, hypertrophy associated with increase in capillarity and enhanced cardiac function of the right ventricle; ② increase in MBF and depression of cardiac function at first, then followed by recovery of MBF and increase in capillarity accompanied with recovery of left ventricular function.     

香猪北方舍饲的合理化管理

香猪是贵州东部（中亚热带气候区）闭锁山区的猪种，引入黑龙江（寒温带大陆性季风气候区）饲养，必然经过一段风土驯化过程。几年来，在对香猪进行风土驯化的同时，我们对其在北方的舍饲合理化管理模式亦进行了探索。     

Promotive effects of a 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fertilizer on growth of tissue culture-derived date palm plants (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during acclimatization

The low survival rate together with the slow growth rate of the survived tissue culture-derived date palm plants during acclimatization are critical problems facing the tissue culture as a commercial technique of date palm propagation. Growth parameters, pigment contents and nutrient uptake were examined in tissue culture-derived date palm plants (Phoenix dactylifera L.) c.v. ‘Khalas’ subject to different concentration of a 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fertilizer, commercially known as Pentakeep-v, during acclimatization. Pentakeep application at 0.02, 0.04 or 0.08% at 10 days interval significantly enhanced growth at both VP2- and VP3-stage of acclimatization. However, such effects were not detectable at the VP1-stage. At the end of this stage, the successful plants ranged from 66.6 to 78.3% with no significant differences between the Pentakeep treatments and the control. All successful plants at this stage survived both the VP2 and the VP3 stages of acclimatization. Plants treated with Pentakeep, especially at 0.04 and 0.08%, developed faster and were ready for transplanting to the nursery or to the open field conditions about 4–5 months earlier than the control or those treated with 0.02% Pentakeep. Pentakeep significantly increased chlorophyll a contents in all treatments which was subsequently reflected on total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio. Pentakeep application, especially at the 0.08%, significantly increased the concentration of N, Cu and Zn in the leaves of treated plants. The concentration of available P and Zn in the soil was significantly higher in the Pentakeep treatments than the control.     

CO2, H2O exchange and stomatal regulation of regenerated Camptotheca acuminata plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization

Introduction Micropropagation is an important tool for mass production of uniform plants because of its high efficiency, with good phytosanitary status and quality control. Considerable efforts have been directed to optimize the conditions for in vitro st…     

新疆野生黑木耳人工驯化栽培技术研究

新疆阿尔泰山天然分布的2种黑木耳寄生在倒腐的西伯利亚落叶松上，这一发现打破了黑木耳不能在松柏类树木上生长的禁区。通过对这两种黑木耳的资源调查和人工驯化栽培试验研究发现，阿尔泰山这两种黑木耳比我国其它省区的黑木耳出耳空气湿度要求低，一般栽培场的空气湿度达到60％～70％就可以出耳，而国内绝大多数黑木耳菌种栽培场湿度要达到90％～95％才能出耳。这表明阿尔泰山黑木耳抗旱性强，加之商品价值较高，适合在新疆干旱区推广种植。     

山莓生物学特性及人工驯化栽培初步研究

通过对山莓的人工驯化栽培及调查观测表明，山莓有自身独特的生长发育规律，即结果树体均由地下茎萌发出的基生枝形成，故决定了山莓人工驯化栽培的科学抚育措施。     

Rooting of Pinus radiata somatic embryos: factors involved in the success of the process

In vitro conditions of the culture media, plant growth regulators and culture containers may cause anatomical and physiological changes that have negative effects on rooting and ex vitro acclimatization of somatic plantlets. The control of these factors could contribute to the improvement of somatic embryogenesis systems in conifers, especially in pines. The influence of macronutrient concentrations, explant type and culture containers in Pinus radiata D. Don in vitro somatic embryo rooting were analyzed. The highest rooting percentage was observed using half-strength macronutrient concentrations, complete micronutrients and vitamins of Quoirin and Lepoivre medium. Although the use of glass culture vessels was the best to increase the efficiency of the somatic embryogenesis process in terms of rooting, the use of ventilated containers resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of plants able to be planted in the field.     

铁皮石斛组培苗规模化驯化技术

铁皮石斛组培苗规模化栽培成功的关键环节即其驯化问题。研究表明,通过采用高架种植畦采驯化铁皮石斛组培苗,从驯化前的准备工作、驯化季节和方法、驯化管理、驯化苗的移栽4个方面进行操作管理,可以获得95%以上的成活率。