利用不同砧木嫁接培育苹果苗的试验研究

通过几年大田试验，发现野生山定子经１年驯化后培育苹果苗可提高出圃率；人工实生山定子小苗根接培育苹果苗的出圃率可达８５％。利用剪下的主根段作砧嫁接培育苹果苗的出圃率可达５０％以上。     

The effect of in vivo and in vitro applications of ethrel and GA<Subscript>3</Subscript> on sex expression in bitter melon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Momordica charantia</Emphasis> L.)

Bitter melon (Momordica Charantia L.) is an important vegetable crop with nutritional and medicinal qualities. As a member of cucurbitaceae it is monoecious with varying proportions of staminate and pistillate flowers. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of various applications of ethrel and gibberellic acid (GA₃) on sex modification in M. charantia. In the first set of experiments, various concentrations of hormones were added to the seed germination medium, in the second, adult plants growing in the field were sprayed with aqueous solutions of ethrel or GA₃ three times at three-day intervals. The number and sex of open flowers was recorded daily for 60 days after the first flower opened and total number of staminate and pistillate flowers was calculated at the end of the experiment. The highest frequency (29.5%) of pistillate flowers was observed in plants treated with 500 ppm ethrel at germination. Similarly, spraying of adult plants with 100 ppm GA₃ increased the proportion of pistillate flowers to 26% relative to 15% in untreated controls. Both ethrel and GA₃ induced significantly higher number of pistillate flowers than control. In vitro hormone application during seed germination was much more successful than spraying of field grown plants.     

开瓶炼苗对菜用大黄组培苗气孔特性的影响

研究了菜用大黄组培苗开瓶炼苗过程中叶片气孔的特性。结果表明,菜用大黄组培苗经直接开瓶炼苗0~14 d,气孔大小、气孔长径、气孔宽径随开瓶炼苗时间的延长而逐渐减小,并趋向稳定;气孔的关闭率随开瓶时间的延长而迅速增加,达到76.5%;14 d炼苗结束后,叶表皮细胞密度显著增加,气孔密度与气孔指数稍有增加,但不显著。闭瓶炼苗7 d、然后开瓶炼苗7 d可以较快恢复菜用大黄组培苗叶片气孔关闭的适应能力;显微观察发现,不同开瓶时间处理对叶片表皮气孔的细胞结构有明显影响,有光环境与无光环境对炼苗最终没有显著影响。     

An improved and efficient micropropagation of Eclipta alba through transverse thin cell layer culture and assessment of clonal fidelity using RAPD analysis

An improved and efficient in vitro regeneration system has been developed for Eclipta alba, a medicinally important plant, through transverse thin cell layer culture (tTCL). The transverse section of the nodal segment of field grown plants was used as tTCL explants for plant regeneration. Shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal explants was influenced by BAP and their interaction with Kin or NAA. MS medium containing 13.2 μM BAP and 4.6 μM Kin was most effective for shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal explants. Upon this medium, percent response for shoot proliferation was 100% with an average of 32.6 shoot buds per tTCL nodal explant. Regenerated shoots from tTCL nodal explants were rooted on the growth regulator free MS medium. The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil with a survival frequency of 90-100%. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants. RAPD profile analysis indicated that micropropagated plants were genetically similar to mother plant.     

杏鲍菇优良品种HRX的选育研究

通过对杏鲍菇优质菌株HRX3定向驯化试验,结果表明:经过热处理的菌株,其对温度的耐受性能有明显改善;提高培养基中的木质素和纤维素成分,可以增强菇体内相关酶的活性;并筛选出适合本地栽培该菇的培养基质.     

Light quality affects in vitro adventitious rooting and ex vitro performance of cherry rootstock Colt

The effect of light quality on in vitro rooting of cherry rootstock “Colt” was studied to evaluate adventitious root development, ex vitro acclimatization and plant growth performance. Adventitious rooting was dependent on the light quality to which the microcutting were exposed. Highest number of roots per microcuttings was recorded under dichromatic light (blue + red). This response could be ascribed to the control of a strong synergistic interaction between phytochromes and blue light photoreceptors. Red light was more effective on root elongation than blue light. In this response a strong synergistic interaction between phytochromes and blue light photoreceptors was suggested. The effect of light quality on the number of root/explant affected the plant during acclimation, scoring the highest level of plant survival in the blue-, red- and blue + red-exposed plantlets. The light quality effect was also observed under greenhouse culture conditions, as shown by growth parameters at the end of six months in plants growth. No specific role was observed for the photoequilibrium of phytochrome. The results reported in this work show that plantlets exposed to different light quality, during the in vitro rooting phase, retain the light quality effects in the subsequent plant acclimatization and greenhouse plant growth phase.     

药用真菌黄裙竹荪的驯化研究

通过对药用真菌黄裙竹荪资源调查、标本采集、菌种分离、培养基的筛选、生长温度、酸碱度、覆土土质以及覆土方法等方面进行了试验。结果表明,一级菌种培养基以PDA培养基为主,添加松针浸出汁为黄裙竹荪的最佳培养基;菌丝生长的适宜温度为24℃;适宜pH值为6．5;栽培播种完成后,及时覆盖砂质黄壤土,是黄裙竹荪栽培的最佳方法和最佳土质。     

Callus induction and plant regeneration from cotyledonary explants of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida L.)

A protocol for the production of complete plantlets through multiple shoots from the cotyledon-derived calli of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida L.) is described. The embryos were excised from mature seeds and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP, 1–5 μM). After 10 days the well-developed green cotyledons from the growing embryos were isolated and cultured on MS medium fortified with 2,4-D (1–6 μM). The cultured cotyledons gave rise to luxuriantly growing calli after 6 weeks. These calli were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP (1–6 μM) alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.2 and 0.5 μM) for regeneration. The regenerated shoots were multiplied and rooted on quarter strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid or NAA (1–5 μM). The rooted shoots were transplanted to soil with 90% success.     

生根阶段组培微环境变化对蝴蝶兰组培苗驯化的影响

在生根阶段对蝴蝶兰组培苗进行不同蔗糖、CQ浓度和光照处理后，影响蝴蝶兰组培苗的驯化过程的植株生长和光合生理。研究表明，提高组培环境中CQ浓度有效改善组培苗的光合能力利于组培苗的移栽适应性。