Inhibition of clotrimazole-resistant Candida albicans by some endemic Sideritis species from Turkey

The anticandidal activity of the methanol extracts of seven endemic Sideritis species were evaluated at 30 mg/ml concentration against clotrimazole-resistant Candida albicans.     

海洋霉菌1-B6-10代谢产物对几种镰刀菌的抑制作用

测试了海洋霉菌菌株1-B6-10代谢产物对不同镰刀菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和显微形态的影响.结果表明,该菌代谢产物粗提物对尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum菌株F1113、F1125和番茄镰刀菌Fusarium batatasis菌株F2016等的菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用.当纸片上滴加0.05 mL该粗提物时,其抑菌圈直径均在32 mm以上;在菌株F1125菌丝块上直接滴加0.05 mL该粗提物,其菌丝生长抑制率达到98.39%.该代谢产物也能显著抑制尖孢镰刀菌F113和F1125孢子的萌发,用粗提物处理后培养48h,其孢子萌发率仅为8%和9.6%.显微镜观察结果表明,在添加该代谢产物亚抑菌浓度的培养基中,尖孢镰刀菌F1113菌丝的形态发生改变,部分菌丝萎缩和断裂.     

银柴胡主要病虫害研究初报

（1宁夏绿苑沙生药用植物研究所,灵武 751410;2宁夏农科院植保所,银川 750002）     

Velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) extracts: impact on Meloidogyne incognita survival and on Lycopersicon esculentum and Lactuca sativa germination and growth

Velvetbean (Mucuna spp.) is a summer annual that has been used as a cover crop to reduce erosion, fix nitrogen and suppress weeds and plant-parasitic nematodes. Crude aqueous extracts (1:15 dry weight plant/volume water) were made from velvetbean plant parts, and various concentrations of the extracts were evaluated in vitro for toxicities to different stages of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and for suppression of hypocotyl and root growth and inhibition of germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Germination was only affected by the full-strength extract from leaf blades. Lettuce root growth was the most sensitive indicator of allelopathic activity of the plant part extracts. Lettuce and tomato root growth was more sensitive to the extract from main roots than to extracts of other plant parts, with lethal concentration (LC50) values of 1.2 and 1.1% respectively. Meloidogyne incognita egg hatch was less sensitive to extracts from velvetbean than the juvenile (J2) stage. There was no difference among LC50 values of the extracts from different plant parts against the egg stage. Based on LC50 values, the extract from fine roots was the least toxic to J2 (LC50 39.9%), and the extract from vines the most toxic (LC50 7.8%). The effects of the extracts were nematicidal because LC50 values did not change when the extracts were removed and replaced with water.     

The impact of sugarcane filter cake on the availability of P in the rhizosphere and associated microbial community structure

This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between filter cake (FC), and phosphorus fertilizers with differing solubility on the growth and P nutrition of sugarcane. Effects of soil amendment with FC on different soil P fractions and influence on microbial community structure in the rhizosphere were also assessed. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted with completely randomized block designs. The first experiment evaluated rates of FC using a factorial design (5 × 2): 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 g FC kg^?1 soil applied as either broadcast in bulk soil or in the planting furrow. The second experiment used a factorial design (2 × 3): without and with FC (5 g kg^?1 soil, dry basis), both without P (NP) and with P supplied as either triple superphosphate (TSP) or as rock phosphate (RP), both at the rate of 78.4 mg kg^?1 based on total P. Microbial community structure was determined using TRFLP and dynamics of soil P by Hedley fractionation. Filter cake applied at increasing rates in the absence of P was effective in increasing shoot growth and P uptake by plant, particularly when applied to bulk soil as compared to furrow application. Also, FC improved P uptake and increased the availability of labile inorganic P in the rhizosphere and modified the structure of fungal and bacterial communities, whereas only bacterial and archaea communities were influenced by P fertilizer use. Filter cake was more effective when combined with RP, with increased growth and P utilization and thus can be considered as a feasible and practical option for farmer use in substitution to TSP, a more expensive source.     

俄罗斯穗醋栗引种驯化选育研究

以野生“黑穗醋栗”为对照，对2008年由俄罗斯引进的球形、开心、波瑞杂交、里塔4个穗醋栗品种进行驯化选育试验，综合分析物候期、植物学特性、果实性状等指标，结果表明：球形的物候期都较早，基生枝数量最大，单株产量仅次于波瑞杂交，果实芳香浓郁，风味甜微酸，果皮厚度中等，果实较大，总体表现良好。初步驯化选育品种为球形。     

马蹄莲花粉活力鉴定与贮藏影响因子研究

以马蹄莲不同品种的花粉为材料,研究马蹄莲花粉活力检测的适宜方法和贮藏影响因子。比较了TTC、Lugol’s 染色液、亚甲基蓝、醋酸洋红4种染色法和离体培养法鉴定马蹄莲花粉活力的效果,以及花粉干燥时间（含水量）、贮藏温度、预冻方法、解冻方法对花粉贮藏的影响。结果表明：所选用的4种染色法中,TTC法能将马蹄莲花粉染成深红、浅红、粉红,从而区分出花粉有无活力及活力的强弱;Lugol’s 染色液、醋酸洋红不能使花粉染色;亚甲基蓝将所有花粉染成同一颜色;所以除TTC法外均不适合马蹄莲花粉活力的鉴定。离体培养法培养24 h可以较好鉴定马蹄莲花粉活力,其最佳培养基配方为80 g/L蔗糖+0.2 g/L硼酸+0.3 g/L硝酸钙。马蹄莲花粉的适宜干燥条件是室温下干燥27 h,之后不需任何预冻处理直接放入冰箱,最适解冻方式是37 ℃水浴2 min。不同贮藏温度下马蹄莲花粉活力变化存在明显差异,试验温度中以-80 ℃的贮藏效果最好,贮藏61 d后仍能保持40%以上的活力,其次是-20 ℃贮藏,然后是室温,4 ℃贮藏效果最差。综上所述,TTC染色法和离体培养法是马蹄莲花粉活力测定的适宜方法,-80 ℃的低温可明显延长马蹄莲花粉的贮藏时间,研究结果为马蹄莲花粉离体保存提供了科学依据。     

广西黄冕林场黑荆树不同家系造林试验初报

对黑荆树48个家系的造林试验结果表明,不同种源、家系大叶栎林木的生长差异显著,由此根据林木速生、单宁产量两方面综合初步选择出11个优良家系。所评选出优良家系其幼林3.5年生时林木的生长量与最差家系相比,其黑荆树林木的平均树高增加9.39%～21.01%,平均胸径增加13.51%～24.18%,单株材积增加35.70%～67.08%。树皮气干重量增加37.53%～68.11%,单宁产量增加63.83%～108.00%;与其他未选中的33个家系的平均数相比较,平均树高增加0.14%～11.39%,平均胸径增加4.59%～14.42%,单株材积增加15.35%～42.04%。树皮气干重量增加12.61%～37.66%,单宁产量增加13.53%～50.72%。     

长筒花试管开花诱导影响因素

以苦苣苔科忌寒苣苔属长筒花(Achimenes‘Kim blue’)试管苗为试验材料,探究了植物生长调节剂种类及质量浓度、无机盐质量分数、不同碳源和琼脂质量浓度对其试管开花诱导的影响。结果表明:花芽诱导培养基中不宜添加细胞分裂素,添加适宜质量浓度生长素NAA与IBA即能诱导开花;增大培养基中P、K元素质量分数有利于花芽诱导;适宜的开花诱导培养基为MS(KNO_3+KH_2PO_4)+NAA0.1 mg·L~(-1)+IBA0.1 mg·L~(-1)+PP_(333)0.05mg·L~(-1),添加蔗糖40 g·L~(-1)+琼脂4 g·L~(-1)。     

两种熏蒸剂对土传病害的防控效果及黄瓜产量的影响

在北京顺义黄瓜大棚中采用注射法施用二甲基二硫、混土法施用棉隆,对土壤进行熏蒸处理,施药后土壤表面覆盖完全不透膜,比较二甲基二硫与棉隆对黄瓜主要土传病害的防治情况及对黄瓜生长和产量的影响。结果表明,两种熏蒸剂对黄瓜根结线虫(Meloidogynespp.)、疫霉菌(Phytophthora spp.)和镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.)均有较好的防效,二甲基二硫40g·m~()-2)处理时对3种病原物的防效分别为84.29%、75.99%、79.94%,棉隆30.0g·m~()-2)处理的防效分别为80.30%、92.36%、92.27%,而且二甲基二硫、棉隆处理与空白对照相比,黄瓜净收入分别增加66%~85%和65%~71%。